KS A ISO 18589-3-2012 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment－Soil－Part 3：Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides《环境辐射的测量 土壤 第3部分 发射γ辐射核的测量》.pdf

《KS A ISO 18589-3-2012 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment－Soil－Part 3：Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides《环境辐射的测量 土壤 第3部分 发射γ辐射核的测量》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《KS A ISO 18589-3-2012 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment－Soil－Part 3：Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides《环境辐射的测量 土壤 第3部分 发射γ辐射核的测量》.pdf（28页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

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2、S A ISO 18589 3:2012 i ii . iii 1 1 2 1 3 , , 1 4 2 5 2 6 .3 7 4 7.1 .4 7.2 4 7.3 .4 7.4 5 8 .6 8.1 6 8.2 7 8.3 .8 8.4 .8 8.5 .9 8.6 9 9 .10 A( ) 12 B( ) .14 19 KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 ii . , , . , , . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 iii 2007 1 ISO 18589 3, Measurement of radioactivity in the environmentSoil Pa

3、rt 3： Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides , . . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 3： Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 3： Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides 1 . ( 3 000 cm3) , 5 keV 3 MeV . 40 keV 2 MeV . , . 2 . . ( ) . KS A ISO 18589 1, 1： KS A ISO 18589 2, 2： , KS A I

4、SO 80000 10, 10： KS I ISO 10703, KS I ISO 11074, KS Q ISO/IEC 17025, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement(GUM), BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML 3 , , KS A ISO 18589 1, KS I ISO 11074, KS A ISO 80000 10, KS I ISO 10703 . m (kg) A (Bq) a, ac (Bq/kg) tg ( ) KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 2 t

5、0 ( ) ts ( ) nN,E , nN0,E , nNs,E / / E ng,E , ng0,E , ngs,E / / E nb,E, nb0,E , nbs,E / / E E E PE E 1(E), 2(E) E (1/cm) m,i(E) E i (cm2/g) h (cm) wi i ( ) (g/cm3) (sec-1) u(a), u(ac) (Bq/kg) U , U k u(a) k 1, 2, (Bq/kg) a*, *ca (Bq/kg) a#, #ca (Bq/kg) a, a (Bq/kg) 4 . .1, 2 .3, 4, 5 (well-type) ,

6、(8.1.4 ). NaI . . 5 . ( , ) ( , , - ) (HP Ge) . . , 400 keV . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 3 (200 keV ) P , N . , . . 1 L . . . . , . . (Dewar vessel) . . a) , ( ) b) c) , 2.2 keV (60Co 1.332 keV ) 137Cs / 50 80 . (210Pb, 238U 234Th ) 100 keV . N . , , ( 129I, 241Am ) . 6, 7. . . .10, 116 , . , KS A ISO 18

7、589 3:2012 4 . 7 7.1 KS A ISO 18589 2 , , . . a) . . b) . (： ) . c) . . d) . , . e) . f) . KS A ISO 18589 2 . , , Bq/kg . Ra 226 Rn 222 , . 7.2 ( B ) . , 10 cm . . 1, 2 . ( , , , ), , , . , . . , . , . . 7.3 7.3.1 KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 5 (：152Eu) . 12, 13, 14. , , . , . . KS I ISO 10703 8, 9 . 7.3.2

8、 , ( .) (ab initio calculation) , . . (summation effects) (coincidence loss) . . ( ), , , . . , (spiking) . E (1) . EEEPAtn=SNs,/ (1) E , - nNs,E (2) . nNs,E ngs,E nbs,E(2) ( , ) , . KS I ISO 10703 8, 9 . 7.4 , . . B . . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 6 8 8.1 8.1.1 a nN,E (3) . EEEEfmPtna=gN,/(3) fE ： (4) EE

9、EEfffffs,cl,att,d= (4) fd ： fatt,E ： fcl,E ： fs,E ： E , - nN,E (5) . EEEnnnb,g,N,= (5) , (3) (6) . gb,g,gb,g,gN,/)(/twnntfmPnnfmPtnaEEEEEEEEEEE=(6) EEEfmPw=18.1.2 , fd . , (t 0) (t ti) fd (7) . =gg1d1titetef(7) 8.1.3 . , . . . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 7 , fatt,E (8) . ()XEXEEeEeEf=)(21)(12att,1)(1)(8)

10、X , (m) . (E) , , , (flux density) . (9) . =iiiEwE )()(m,(9) (E) . 8.1.4 , , . . , , , . (Geant, EGSnrc, MCNP, Penelope . 18, 19, 20, 21) . . , , a) c) . a) . E (mono-energetic) E . (geometry) . b) . E E . c) . E E , E T,ENn . T,ENn nN,E E , . 2, 9 . 8.2 KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 8 GUM , a (10) . )()()(

11、)/()(2rel2b,2g,22gwuanunutwauEE+= (10) , . w (11) . )()()()()(2rel2rel2rel2rel2relEEEfuumuPuwu += (11) (1) , E (12) . )()()()()()()(2rel2relbs,gs,2rel2rel2rels,N2rel2relEEEEEEPuAunnuPuAunuu += (12) , urel(A) . , (KS A ISO 11929 ), a () . ng,E tg/w nb,E u2(ng) ng (13) . )()()/()/()( 2rel2b,2b,g2gwuan

12、unawttwauEE+= (13) u(nN), u(ng), u(nb) GUM . i ni (Poisson process) u2(ni) ni . nN, ng, nb u(nN), u(ng), u(nb) . , A . 8.3 a* 0 (13) (KS A ISO 11929 ). (14) . )()/()0(*b,2b,g11 EEnuntwkuka += (14) 0.05, k1 1.65 . 8.4 a# (15) (KS A ISO 11929 ). )(/)(/)/(*)(*2rel2#2gb,2ggb,#211#wuatnuttnwawkaaukaaEE+=

13、+= (15) 0.05, k1 1.65 . (15) a# , a# 2 a* . , k1 k1 k (15) (16) . KS A ISO 18589 3:2012 9 )(1/)(*22rel2g2#wuktwkaa+= (16) 8.5 a a (17) (18) (KS A ISO 11929 ). a a kp u(a) p (1 /2) (17) a a kq u(a) q 1 /2 (18) y/u(y) , . a4 u(a) , 1 (19) . a, ak1 /2 u(a) (19) 0.05, k1 2 1.96 . 8.6 8.6.1 . a) . , . b) . t0