FAA 14 CFR PART 29-2011 Airworthiness standards transport category rotorcraft《适航性标准 运输分类的旋翼飞机》.pdf

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1、717 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 29 TABLE III.HIRF ENVIRONMENT III Frequency Field strength (volts/meter) Peak Average 10 kHz100 kHz 150 150 100 kHz400 MHz . 200 200 400 MHz700 MHz . 730 200 700 MHz1 GHz 1,400 240 1 GHz2 GHz 5,000 250 2 GHz4 GHz 6,000 490 4 GHz6 GHz 7,200 400 6 GHz8 GHz

2、1,100 170 8 GHz12 GHz 5,000 330 12 GHz18 GHz 2,000 330 18 GHz40 GHz 1,000 420 In this table, the higher field strength applies at the fre-quency band edges. (d) Equipment HIRF Test Level 1. (1) From 10 kilohertz (kHz) to 400 mega-hertz (MHz), use conducted susceptibility tests with continuous wave (

3、CW) and 1 kHz square wave modulation with 90 percent depth or greater. The conducted suscepti-bility current must start at a minimum of 0.6 milliamperes (mA) at 10 kHz, increasing 20 decibels (dB) per frequency decade to a minimum of 30 mA at 500 kHz. (2) From 500 kHz to 40 MHz, the conducted suscep

4、tibility current must be at least 30 mA. (3) From 40 MHz to 400 MHz, use conducted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 30 mA at 40 MHz, decreasing 20 dB per fre-quency decade to a minimum of 3 mA at 400 MHz. (4) From 100 MHz to 400 MHz, use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 20

5、 volts per meter (V/m) peak with CW and 1 kHz square wave modulation with 90 percent depth or greater. (5) From 400 MHz to 8 gigahertz (GHz), use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 150 V/m peak with pulse modulation of 4 percent duty cycle with a 1 kHz pulse repeti-tion frequency. This si

6、gnal must be switched on and off at a rate of 1 Hz with a duty cycle of 50 percent. (e) Equipment HIRF Test Level 2. Equipment HIRF test level 2 is HIRF environment II in table II of this appendix reduced by accept-able aircraft transfer function and attenu-ation curves. Testing must cover the fre-q

7、uency band of 10 kHz to 8 GHz. (f) Equipment HIRF Test Level 3. (1) From 10 kHz to 400 MHz, use conducted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 0.15 mA at 10 kHz, increasing 20 dB per frequency decade to a minimum of 7.5 mA at 500 kHz. (2) From 500 kHz to 40 MHz, use conducted susceptibilit

8、y tests at a minimum of 7.5 mA. (3) From 40 MHz to 400 MHz, use conducted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 7.5 mA at 40 MHz, decreasing 20 dB per fre-quency decade to a minimum of 0.75 mA at 400 MHz. (4) From 100 MHz to 8 GHz, use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 5 V/m. Do

9、c. No. FAA200623657, 72 FR 44027, Aug. 6, 2007 PART 29AIRWORTHINESS STAND-ARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Subpart AGeneral Sec. 29.1 Applicability. 29.2 Special retroactive requirements. Subpart BFlight GENERAL 29.21 Proof of compliance. 29.25 Weight limits. 29.27 Center of gravity limits. 29.29

10、 Empty weight and corresponding cen-ter of gravity. 29.31 Removable ballast. 29.33 Main rotor speed and pitch limits. PERFORMANCE 29.45 General. 29.49 Performance at minimum operating speed. 29.51 Takeoff data: general. 29.53 Takeoff: Category A. 29.55 Takeoff decision point (TDP): Cat-egory A. 29.5

11、9 Takeoff path: Category A. 29.60 Elevated heliport takeoff path: Cat-egory A. 29.61 Takeoff distance: Category A. 29.62 Rejected takeoff: Category A. 29.63 Takeoff: Category B. 29.64 Climb: General. 29.65 Climb: All engines operating. 29.67 Climb: One engine inoperative (OEI). 29.71 Helicopter angl

12、e of glide: Category B. 29.75 Landing: General. 29.77 Landing Decision Point (LDP): Cat-egory A. 29.79 Landing: Category A. 29.81 Landing distance: Category A. 29.83 Landing: Category B. 29.85 Balked landing: Category A. 29.87 Height-velocity envelope. FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 29.141 General. 29.143 C

13、ontrollability and maneuverability. 29.151 Flight controls. 29.161 Trim control. 29.171 Stability: general. 29.173 Static longitudinal stability. 29.175 Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. 29.177 Static directional stability. 29.181 Dynamic stability: Category A rotor-craft. VerDate Mar2

14、010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00727 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-718 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) Pt. 29 GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTE

15、RISTICS 29.231 General. 29.235 Taxiing condition. 29.239 Spray characteristics. 29.241 Ground resonance. MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS 29.251 Vibration. Subpart CStrength Requirements GENERAL 29.301 Loads. 29.303 Factor of safety. 29.305 Strength and deformation. 29.307 Proof of structure. 29.30

16、9 Design limitations. FLIGHT LOADS 29.321 General. 29.337 Limit maneuvering load factor. 29.339 Resultant limit maneuvering loads. 29.341 Gust loads. 29.351 Yawing conditions. 29.361 Engine torque. CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS 29.391 General. 29.395 Control system. 29.397 Limit pilot forces and

17、torques. 29.399 Dual control system. 29.411 Ground clearance: tail rotor guard. 29.427 Unsymmetrical loads. GROUND LOADS 29.471 General. 29.473 Ground loading conditions and as-sumptions. 29.475 Tires and shock absorbers. 29.477 Landing gear arrangement. 29.479 Level landing conditions. 29.481 Tail-

18、down landing conditions. 29.483 One-wheel landing conditions. 29.485 Lateral drift landing conditions. 29.493 Braked roll conditions. 29.497 Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels. 29.501 Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids. 29.505 Ski landing conditions. 29.511 Grou

19、nd load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units. WATER LOADS 29.519 Hull type rotorcraft: Water-based and amphibian. 29.521 Float landing conditions. MAIN COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS 29.547 Main and tail rotor structure. 29.549 Fuselage and rotor pylon structures. 29.551 Auxiliary lifting surfaces.

20、EMERGENCY LANDING CONDITIONS 29.561 General. 29.562 Emergency landing dynamic condi-tions. 29.563 Structural ditching provisions. FATIGUE EVALUATION 29.571 Fatigue evaluation of structure. Subpart DDesign and Construction GENERAL 29.601 Design. 29.602 Critical parts. 29.603 Materials. 29.605 Fabrica

21、tion methods. 29.607 Fasteners. 29.609 Protection of structure. 29.610 Lightning and static electricity pro-tection. 29.611 Inspection provisions. 29.613 Material strength properties and de-sign values. 29.619 Special factors. 29.621 Casting factors. 29.623 Bearing factors. 29.625 Fitting factors. 2

22、9.629 Flutter and divergence. 29.631 Bird strike. ROTORS 29.653 Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades. 29.659 Mass balance. 29.661 Rotor blade clearance. 29.663 Ground resonance prevention means. CONTROL SYSTEMS 29.671 General. 29.672 Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated sys

23、tems. 29.673 Primary flight controls. 29.674 Interconnected controls. 29.675 Stops. 29.679 Control system locks. 29.681 Limit load static tests. 29.683 Operation tests. 29.685 Control system details. 29.687 Spring devices. 29.691 Autorotation control mechanism. 29.695 Power boost and power-operated

24、con-trol system. LANDING GEAR 29.723 Shock absorption tests. 29.725 Limit drop test. 29.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.729 Retracting mechanism. 29.731 Wheels. 29.733 Tires. 29.735 Brakes. 29.737 Skis. FLOATS AND HULLS 29.751 Main float buoyancy. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 2

25、23043 PO 00000 Frm 00728 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-719 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 29 29.753 Main float design. 29.755 Hull buoyancy. 29.75

26、7 Hull and auxiliary float strength. PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS 29.771 Pilot compartment. 29.773 Pilot compartment view. 29.775 Windshields and windows. 29.777 Cockpit controls. 29.779 Motion and effect of cockpit controls. 29.783 Doors. 29.785 Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and harne

27、sses. 29.787 Cargo and baggage compartments. 29.801 Ditching. 29.803 Emergency evacuation. 29.805 Flight crew emergency exits. 29.807 Passenger emergency exits. 29.809 Emergency exit arrangement. 29.811 Emergency exit marking. 29.812 Emergency lighting. 29.813 Emergency exit access. 29.815 Main aisl

28、e width. 29.831 Ventilation. 29.833 Heaters. FIRE PROTECTION 29.851 Fire extinguishers. 29.853 Compartment interiors. 29.855 Cargo and baggage compartments. 29.859 Combustion heater fire protection. 29.861 Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts. 29.863 Flammable fluid fire protectio

29、n. EXTERNAL LOADS 29.865 External loads. MISCELLANEOUS 29.871 Leveling marks. 29.873 Ballast provisions. Subpart EPowerplant GENERAL 29.901 Installation. 29.903 Engines. 29.907 Engine vibration. 29.908 Cooling fans. ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM 29.917 Design. 29.921 Rotor brake. 29.923 Rotor drive system and

30、control mech-anism tests. 29.927 Additional tests. 29.931 Shafting critical speed. 29.935 Shafting joints. 29.939 Turbine engine operating characteris-tics. FUEL SYSTEM 29.951 General. 29.952 Fuel system crash resistance. 29.953 Fuel system independence. 29.954 Fuel system lightning protection. 29.9

31、55 Fuel flow. 29.957 Flow between interconnected tanks. 29.959 Unusable fuel supply. 29.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. 29.963 Fuel tanks: general. 29.965 Fuel tank tests. 29.967 Fuel tank installation. 29.969 Fuel tank expansion space. 29.971 Fuel tank sump. 29.973 Fuel tank filler connectio

32、n. 29.975 Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents. 29.977 Fuel tank outlet. 29.979 Pressure refueling and fueling provi-sions below fuel level. FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS 29.991 Fuel pumps. 29.993 Fuel system lines and fittings. 29.995 Fuel valves. 29.997 Fuel strainer or filter. 29.999 Fuel system d

33、rains. 29.1001 Fuel jettisoning. OIL SYSTEM 29.1011 Engines: general. 29.1013 Oil tanks. 29.1015 Oil tank tests. 29.1017 Oil lines and fittings. 29.1019 Oil strainer or filter. 29.1021 Oil system drains. 29.1023 Oil radiators. 29.1025 Oil valves. 29.1027 Transmission and gearboxes: gen-eral. COOLING

34、 29.1041 General. 29.1043 Cooling tests. 29.1045 Climb cooling test procedures. 29.1047 Takeoff cooling test procedures. 29.1049 Hovering cooling test procedures. INDUCTION SYSTEM 29.1091 Air induction. 29.1093 Induction system icing protection. 29.1101 Carburetor air preheater design. 29.1103 Induc

35、tion systems ducts and air duct systems. 29.1105 Induction system screens. 29.1107 Inter-coolers and after-coolers. 29.1109 Carburetor air cooling. EXHAUST SYSTEM 29.1121 General. 29.1123 Exhaust piping. 29.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers. POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES 29.1141 Powerplant controls

36、: general. 29.1142 Auxiliary power unit controls. 29.1143 Engine controls. 29.1145 Ignition switches. 29.1147 Mixture controls. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00729 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo

37、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-720 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) Pt. 29 29.1151 Rotor brake controls. 29.1157 Carburetor air temperature controls. 29.1159 Supercharger controls. 29.1163 Powerplant accessories. 29.1165 Engine ignition systems. POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECT

38、ION 29.1181 Designated fire zones: regions in-cluded. 29.1183 Lines, fittings, and components. 29.1185 Flammable fluids. 29.1187 Drainage and ventilation of fire zones. 29.1189 Shutoff means. 29.1191 Firewalls. 29.1193 Cowling and engine compartment covering. 29.1194 Other surfaces. 29.1195 Fire ext

39、inguishing systems. 29.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. 29.1199 Extinguishing agent containers. 29.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. 29.1203 Fire detector systems. Subpart FEquipment GENERAL 29.1301 Function and installation. 29.1303 Flight and navigation instruments. 29.1305 Powerplant instr

40、uments. 29.1307 Miscellaneous equipment. 29.1309 Equipment, systems, and installa-tions. 29.1317 High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection. INSTRUMENTS: INSTALLATION 29.1321 Arrangement and visibility. 29.1322 Warning, caution, and advisory lights. 29.1323 Airspeed indicating system. 29.1325

41、Static pressure and pressure altim-eter systems. 29.1327 Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1329 Automatic pilot system. 29.1331 Instruments using a power supply. 29.1333 Instrument systems. 29.1335 Flight director systems. 29.1337 Powerplant instruments. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 29.1351 Gener

42、al. 29.1353 Electrical equipment and installa-tions. 29.1355 Distribution system. 29.1357 Circuit protective devices. 29.1359 Electrical system fire and smoke protection. 29.1363 Electrical system tests. LIGHTS 29.1381 Instrument lights. 29.1383 Landing lights. 29.1385 Position light system installa

43、tion. 29.1387 Position light system dihedral an-gles. 29.1389 Position light distribution and in-tensities. 29.1391 Minimum intensities in the hori-zontal plane of forward and rear position lights. 29.1393 Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. 29.1395 Maximum

44、 intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. 29.1397 Color specifications. 29.1399 Riding light. 29.1401 Anticollision light system. SAFETY EQUIPMENT 29.1411 General. 29.1413 Safety belts: passenger warning de-vice. 29.1415 Ditching equipment. 29.1419 Ice protection. MISCEL

45、LANEOUS EQUIPMENT 29.1431 Electronic equipment. 29.1433 Vacuum systems. 29.1435 Hydraulic systems. 29.1439 Protective breathing equipment. 29.1457 Cockpit voice recorders. 29.1459 Flight data recorders. 29.1461 Equipment containing high energy rotors. Subpart GOperating Limitations and Information 2

46、9.1501 General. OPERATING LIMITATIONS 29.1503 Airspeed limitations: general. 29.1505 Never-exceed speed. 29.1509 Rotor speed. 29.1517 Limiting height-speed envelope. 29.1519 Weight and center of gravity. 29.1521 Powerplant limitations. 29.1522 Auxiliary power unit limitations. 29.1523 Minimum flight

47、 crew. 29.1525 Kinds of operations. 29.1527 Maximum operating altitude. 29.1529 Instructions for Continued Air-worthiness. MARKINGS AND PLACARDS 29.1541 General. 29.1543 Instrument markings: general. 29.1545 Airspeed indicator. 29.1547 Magnetic direction indicator. 29.1549 Powerplant instruments. 29

48、.1551 Oil quantity indicator. 29.1553 Fuel quantity indicator. 29.1555 Control markings. 29.1557 Miscellaneous markings and plac-ards. 29.1559 Limitations placard. 29.1561 Safety equipment. 29.1565 Tail rotor. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00730 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML

49、223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-721 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 29.2 ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL 29.1581 General. 29.1583 Operating limitations. 29.1585 Operating procedures. 29.1587 Performance information. 29.1589 Loading information. APPENDIX A TO PART 29INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS APPENDIX B TO PART 29A