BS ISO 26262-1-2011 Road vehicles Functional safety Vocabulary《道路车辆 功能安全 词汇》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 26262-1:2011Road vehicles FunctionalsafetyPart 1: VocabularyBS ISO 26262-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2626

2、2-1:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AUE/16, Electrical and electronic equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions o

3、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 62303 5ICS 01.040.43; 43.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee

4、on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 26262-1:2011Reference numberISO 26262-1:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO26262-1First edition2011-11-15Road vehicles Functional safety Part 1: Vocabulary Vhicules routiers Scurit fonctionnelle Partie 1: Vocabulai

5、re BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementatio

6、n purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the so

7、le exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the request

8、er. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Int

9、roduction . v Scope . 1 1 Terms and definitions . 1 2 Abbreviated terms . 18 Bibliography 21 Alphabetical index 22 BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards b

10、odies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizati

11、ons, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the

12、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of t

13、he member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26262-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehi

14、cles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. ISO 26262 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Functional safety: Part 1: Vocabulary Part 2: Management of functional safety Part 3: Concept phase Part 4: Product development at the system level Part 5: P

15、roduct development at the hardware level Part 6: Product development at the software level Part 7: Production and operation Part 8: Supporting processes Part 9: Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)-oriented and safety-oriented analyses Part 10: Guideline on ISO 26262 BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262

16、-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 26262 is the adaptation of IEC 61508 to comply with needs specific to the application sector of electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems within road vehicles. This adaptation applies to all activities during the safety lifecycle of safety-r

17、elated systems comprised of electrical, electronic and software components. Safety is one of the key issues of future automobile development. New functionalities not only in areas such as driver assistance, propulsion, in vehicle dynamics control and active and passive safety systems increasingly to

18、uch the domain of system safety engineering. Development and integration of these functionalities will strengthen the need for safe system development processes and the need to provide evidence that all reasonable system safety objectives are satisfied. With the trend of increasing technological com

19、plexity, software content and mechatronic implementation, there are increasing risks from systematic failures and random hardware failures. ISO 26262 includes guidance to avoid these risks by providing appropriate requirements and processes. System safety is achieved through a number of safety measu

20、res, which are implemented in a variety of technologies (e.g. mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic, programmable electronic) and applied at the various levels of the development process. Although ISO 26262 is concerned with functional safety of E/E systems, it provides a framewor

21、k within which safety-related systems based on other technologies can be considered. ISO 26262: a) provides an automotive safety lifecycle (management, development, production, operation, service, decommissioning) and supports tailoring the necessary activities during these lifecycle phases; b) prov

22、ides an automotive-specific risk-based approach to determine integrity levels Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL); c) uses ASILs to specify applicable requirements of ISO 26262 so as to avoid unreasonable residual risk; d) provides requirements for validation and confirmation measures to ensur

23、e a sufficient and acceptable level of safety being achieved; e) provides requirements for relations with suppliers. Functional safety is influenced by the development process (including such activities as requirements specification, design, implementation, integration, verification, validation and

24、configuration), the production and service processes and by the management processes. Safety issues are intertwined with common function-oriented and quality-oriented development activities and work products. ISO 26262 addresses the safety-related aspects of development activities and work products.

25、 Figure 1 shows the overall structure of this edition of ISO 26262. ISO 26262 is based upon a V-model as a reference process model for the different phases of product development. Within the figure: the shaded “V”s represent the interconnection between ISO 26262-3, ISO 26262-4, ISO 26262-5, ISO 2626

26、2-6 and ISO 26262-7; the specific clauses are indicated in the following manner: “m-n”, where “m” represents the number of the particular part and “n” indicates the number of the clause within that part. EXAMPLE “2-6” represents Clause 6 of ISO 26262-2. BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) vi ISO

27、2011 All rights reserved3. Concept phase2. Management of functional safety2-5 Overall safetymanagement2-6Safetymanagement during the concept phase and the product development 7. Production and operation6-5Initiation of product development at the software level6-7Software architectural design6-8Softw

28、are unit design and implementation6-9Software unit testing6-10Software integration and testing 6-11 Verification of software safetyrequirements5-5Initiation of product development at the hardware level5-6Specification of hardware safetyrequirements5-7Hardware design5-8Evaluation of the hardware arch

29、itecturalmetrics5-10Hardware integration and testing2-7Safetymanagement after the items release for production3-6 Initiation of the safetylifecycle1. Vocabulary3-5 Item definition3-7 Hazard analysis andrisk assessment3-8 Functional safetyconcept7-6 Operation, service (maintenance and repair), and de

30、commissioning7-5 Production8. Supporting processes8-5Interfaces within distributed developments8-6Specification and managementof safetyrequirements8-8Change management8-9Verification8-7Configuration management4. Product development at the system level4-5Initiation of product development at the syste

31、m level4-7System design 4-8Item integration and testing4-9Safetyvalidation4-10Functional safetyassessment4-11Release for production6. Product development at thesoftware level5. Product development at thehardware level5-9Evaluation of the safetygoal violations due to random hardware failures4-6Specif

32、ication of the technical safetyrequirements9. ASIL-oriented and safety-oriented analyses9-5Requirements decomposition with respect to ASIL tailoring9-6Criteria for coexistence of elements8-10Documentation8-11Confidence in the use of software tools8-13Qualificationof hardware components8-14Proven in

33、use argument8-12Qualificationof software components9-7Analysis of dependent failures9-8Safetyanalyses10. Guideline on ISO26262Figure 1 Overview of ISO 26262 BS ISO 26262-1:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26262-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Road vehicles Functional safety Part 1: Vocabulary

34、Scope ISO 26262 is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production passenger cars with a maximum gross vehicle mass up to 3 500 kg. ISO 26262 does not address unique E/E systems in specia

35、l purpose vehicles such as vehicles designed for drivers with disabilities. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of ISO 26262, are exempted from the scope. For further development or alterations

36、based on systems and their components released for production prior to the publication of ISO 26262, only the modifications will be developed in accordance with ISO 26262. ISO 26262 addresses possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E safety-related systems, including interaction of

37、these systems. It does not address hazards related to electric shock, fire, smoke, heat, radiation, toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosion, release of energy and similar hazards, unless directly caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E safety-related systems. ISO 26262 does not address the n

38、ominal performance of E/E systems, even if dedicated functional performance standards exist for these systems (e.g. active and passive safety systems, brake systems, Adaptive Cruise Control). This part of ISO 26262 specifies the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms for application in all parts o

39、f ISO 26262. 1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 1.1 allocation assignment of a requirement to an architectural element (1.32) NOTE Intent is not to divide an atomic requirement into multiple requirements. Tracing of an atomic system

40、(1.129) level requirement to multiple lower level atomic requirements is allowed. 1.2 anomaly condition that deviates from expectations, based, for example, on requirements, specifications, design documents, user documents, standards, or on experience NOTE Anomalies can be discovered, among other ti

41、mes, during the review (1.98), testing (1.134), analysis, compilation, or use of components (1.15) or applicable documentation. BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved1.3 architecture representation of the structure of the item (1.69) or functions or systems (1.129) or

42、elements (1.32) that allows identification of building blocks, their boundaries and interfaces, and includes the allocation (1.1) of functions to hardware and software elements 1.4 assessment examination of a characteristic of an item (1.69) or element (1.32) NOTE A level of independence (1.61) of t

43、he party or parties performing the assessment is associated with each assessment. 1.5 audit examination of an implemented process 1.6 Automotive Safety Integrity Level ASIL one of four levels to specify the items (1.69) or elements (1.32) necessary requirements of ISO 26262 and safety measures (1.11

44、0) to apply for avoiding an unreasonable residual risk (1.97), with D representing the most stringent and A the least stringent level 1.7 ASIL decomposition apportioning of safety requirements redundantly to sufficiently independent elements (1.32), with the objective of reducing the ASIL (1.6) of t

45、he redundant safety requirements that are allocated to the corresponding elements 1.8 availability capability of a product to be in a state to execute the function required under given conditions, at a certain time or in a given period, supposing the required external resources are available 1.9 bas

46、eline version of a set of one or more work products, items (1.69) or elements (1.32) that is under configuration management and used as a basis for further development through the change management process NOTE See ISO 26262-8:2011, Clause 8. 1.10 branch coverage percentage of branches of the contro

47、l flow that have been executed NOTE 1 100 % branch coverage implies 100 % statement coverage (1.127). NOTE 2 An if-statement always has two branches - condition true and condition false - independent of the existence of an else-clause. 1.11 calibration data data that will be applied after the softwa

48、re build in the development process EXAMPLE Parameters (e.g. value for low idle speed, engine characteristic diagrams); vehicle specific parameters (adaptation values) (e.g. limit stop for throttle valve); variant coding (e.g. country code, left-hand/right-hand steering). NOTE Calibration data canno

49、t contain executable or interpretable code. BS ISO 26262-1:2011ISO 26262-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 31.12 candidate item (1.69) or element (1.32) whose definition and conditions of use are identical to, or have a very high degree of commonality with, an item or element that is already released and in operation NOTE This definition applies where candidate is used in the context of a proven in use argument (1.90). 1.13 cascading failure failure (1.39) of an element (1.32) of an item (1.69) causi