BS ISO 22197-1-2016 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics advanced technical ceramics) Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials Removal of.pdf

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1、BS ISO 22197-1:2016Fine ceramics (advancedceramics, advanced technicalceramics) Test method forair-purification performance ofsemiconducting photocatalyticmaterialsPart 1: Removal of nitric oxideBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 22197-1:2016 BRIT

2、ISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22197-1:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 22197-1:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented o

3、n this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 90188

4、1 ICS 81.060.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO

5、 22197-1:2016 ISO 2016Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials Part 1: Removal of nitric oxideCramiques techniques Mthodes dessai relatives la performance des matriaux photocatalytiques semi

6、-conducteurs pour la purification de lair Partie 1: limination de loxyde nitriqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22197-1Second edition2016-11-01Reference numberISO 22197-1:2016(E)BS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzer

7、landAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be reque

8、sted from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope

9、 . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Symbols 25 Principle 36 Apparatus . 36.1 Test equipment . 36.2 Test gas supply 36.3 Photoreactor . 66.4 Light source . 66.5 Analyser of pollutants . 67 Test piece 68 Procedure. 68.1 Pretreatment of test piece . 68.2 Pollutant-removal test 78.3

10、 Elution test . 89 Calculation 89.1 Calculation method . 89.2 Amount of NOxadsorption by the test piece . 99.3 Amount of NO removed by the test piece 99.4 Amount of NO2formed by the test piece 99.5 Amount of NOxdesorbed from the test piece 109.6 Net amount of NOxremoved by the test piece 109.7 Nitro

11、gen eluted from the test piece . 109.8 Recovery of washing with water 1110 Test method for test pieces with lower performance .1111 Test report 11Annex A (informative) Results of round-robin test 12Bibliography .13 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)Fo

12、rewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech

13、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

14、 electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document

15、was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa

16、tent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

17、 constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.or

18、g/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22197-1:2007), which has been technically revised with the following changes: deletion of reference to ISO 4677-1 (withdrawn) from Clause 2 and

19、 8.2.2; addition of a definition of “dark condition” (3.7); change of air-flow rate measurement to a wet gas basis (6.2); change of tolerance on dimensions of test piece in Clause 7; update of procedure in Clause 8 to reflect the latest knowledge; addition of a test method for test pieces with lower

20、 performance (new Clause 10).A list of all parts in the ISO 22197 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 22197-1:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22197-1:2016(E)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Test method for air-purification perform

21、ance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials Part 1: Removal of nitric oxide1 ScopeThis document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconductin

22、g metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination with ultraviolet light. This document is intended for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board o

23、r plate shape, that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb-form and to plastic or paper materials if they contain ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials

24、.This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial act

25、ions. It concerns the removal of nitric oxide.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest

26、edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 4892-1, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidanceISO 4892-3, Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Part 3: Fluorescent UV lampsISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and preci

27、sion) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement methodISO 6145-7, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllersISO 7996, Am

28、bient air Determination of the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides Chemiluminescence methodISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfateISO 10523, Water qua

29、lity Determination of pHISO 80000-1, Quantities and units Part 1: GeneralISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the fo

30、llowing terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1photocatalystsubstance that performs

31、one or more functions based on oxidation and reduction reactions under photoirradiation, including decomposition and removal of air and water contaminants, deodorization, and antibacterial, self-cleaning and antifogging actions3.2photocatalytic materialsmaterials in which or on which the photocataly

32、st is added by coating, impregnation, mixing, etc.Note 1 to entry: Such photocatalytic materials are intended primarily for use as building and road construction materials to obtain the above-mentioned functions.3.3zero-calibration gasair that does not contain pollutants (i.e. in which common pollut

33、ants are below 0,01 l/l)Note 1 to entry: The zero-calibration gas is prepared from indoor air using a laboratory air-purification system, or supplied as synthetic air in a gas cylinder.3.4standard gasdiluted gases of known concentrations supplied in cylinders and certified by an accredited laborator

34、y3.5test gasmixture of air and pollutant(s) of known concentration prepared from a standard gas or a zero-calibration gas, to be used for the performance test of a photocatalytic material3.6purified waterwater to be used for elution, etc., with a specific conductivity lower than 1 S/cm, prepared by

35、the ion exchange method or distillation3.7dark conditiontest condition with no light illumination by the light source for testing and room lightings4 Symbolsf air-flow rate converted into that at the standard state (0 C, 101,3 kPa) (l/min)NOnitric oxide volume fraction at the reactor exit (l/l)NOisu

36、pply volume fraction of nitric oxide (l/l)NO2nitrogen dioxide volume fraction at the reactor exit (l/l)NOxvolume fraction of nitrogen oxides (NO+ NO2) at the reactor exit (l/l)2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)NO2-nitrite ion concentration in the eluent from the tes

37、t piece (mg/l)NO3-nitrate ion concentration in the eluent from the test piece (mg/l)t time of adsorption, removal or desorption operation (min)nadsamount of NOxadsorbed by the test piece (mol)ndesamount of NOxdesorbed from the test piece (mol)nNOamount of NO removed by the test piece (mol)nNO2amount

38、 of NO2formed by the test piece (mol)nxNOamount of NOxremoved by the test piece (mol)nwamount of nitrogen eluted from the test piece (mol); w1, w2are the 1st and 2nd elutions, respectivelyVwvolume of collected washings (ml); w1, w2are the 1st and 2nd elutions, respectivelywfractional recovery of nit

39、rogen5 PrincipleThis document concerns the development, comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability, and design data generation of photocatalytic materials.1The method described is intended to obtain the air-purification performance of photocatalytic materials by exposing a test pie

40、ce to model polluted air under illumination by ultraviolet (UV) light.2Nitric oxide (NO) is chosen as a typical air pollutant that gives nonvolatile products on the photocatalyst. The test piece, placed in a flow-type photoreactor, is activated by UV illumination, and adsorbs and oxidizes gas-phase

41、NO to form nitric acid (or nitrate) on its surface.3A part of the NO is converted to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the test piece. The air-purification performance is determined from the amount of the net removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (= NO removed NO2formed). The simple adsorption and desorption of

42、NO by the test piece (not due to photocatalysis) are evaluated by tests in the dark. Although the photocatalytic activity is reduced by the accumulation of reaction products, it is usually restored by washing with water.4The elution test provided here gives information about the ease of regeneration

43、 and material balance of the pollutants.6 Apparatus6.1 Test equipmentThe test equipment enables a photocatalytic material to be examined for its pollutant-removal capability by supplying the test gas continuously, while providing photoirradiation to activate the photocatalyst. It consists of a test

44、gas supply, a photoreactor, a light source, and pollutant measurement equipment. Since low concentrations of pollutants are to be tested, the system shall be constructed with materials of low adsorption and resistant to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, for example, acrylic resin, stainless steel, glass a

45、nd fluorocarbon polymers. An example of a test system is shown in Figure 1.6.2 Test gas supplyThe test gas supply provides air polluted with the model contaminant at a predetermined concentration, temperature and humidity, and supplies it continuously to the photoreactor. It consists of flow regulat

46、ors, a humidifier, gas mixers, etc. The flow rate of each gas should be within 5 % of the designated value, which is easily attained by using thermal mass-flow controllers, with the knowledge of calibrated gas flow rate and temperature in accordance with ISO 6145-7. Typical capacities of the flow co

47、ntroller ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)for pollutant gas, dry air and wet air are 0,1 l/min, 2,0 l/min and 2,0 l/min, respectively. The expression of gas flow rate in this document is that converted to the standard state (0 C, 101,3 kPa). The standard NO gas, no

48、rmally balanced with nitrogen in a cylinder, shall have a volume fraction of 30 l/l to 100 l/l, because the oxidation of NO to NO2upon mixing with purified air becomes prominent with a higher concentration of NO.Key1 test gas supply 6 mass-flow controller 11 test piece2 air compressor 7 humidifier 1

49、2 air-tight optical window3 air-purification system 8 gas mixer 13 light source4 standard gas (pollutant) 9 4-way valve 14 analyser5 pressure regulator 10 photoreactor 15 ventFigure 1 Schematic of the test equipment4 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 22197-1:2016ISO 22197-1:2016(E)a) For flat test piecesb) For filter-type test piecesTest piece length l1Test piece width l2Air layer thickness lg99,0 mm 1,0 mm 49,0 mm 1,0 mm 5,0 mm 0,5 mmKey1 test gas inlet 6 aux