BS EN ISO 14855-2-2009 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dio.pdf

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1、BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 ICS 83.080.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 2: Gravime

2、tric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory- scale test (ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor 1:2009)This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2009 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 55453 7 Amendments/corrigenda issued since p

3、ublication Date Comments BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14855-2:2009. It is identical to ISO 14855-2:2007 incorporating Corrigendum 1:2009. Together with BS EN ISO 14855-1:2007 it supersedes BS EN ISO 14855:2004 which is withdrawn. T

4、he start and finish of t introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum April 2009 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics. A list of organizations r

5、epresented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. heEU

6、ROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14855-2 June 2009 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide - Part 2: Gravimetric measurement o

7、f carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test (ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor 1:2009) Dtermination de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans des conditions contrles de compostage - Mthode par analyse du dioxyde de carbone libr - Partie 2: Mesurage gravimtrique du dioxyde

8、 de carbone libr lors dun essai de laboratoire (ISO 14855- 2:2007, Cor 1:2009 inclus) Bestimmung der vollstndigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien unter den Bedingungen kontrollierter Kompostierung - Verfahren mittels Analyse des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides - Teil 2: Gravimet

9、rische Messung des freigesetzten Kohlenstoffdioxides im Labormastab (ISO 14855-2:2007, einschlielich Cor 1:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europea

10、n Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,

11、 French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy

12、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

13、COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14855-2:2009: EBS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 EN ISO 14855-2:2009 (

14、E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor 1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14855-2:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of wh

15、ich is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the p

16、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countrie

17、s are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

18、Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14855-2:2007, including Cor 1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14855-2:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 ISO 14855-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normativ

19、e references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Principle 3 5 Reagents . 3 6 Apparatus . 4 7 Procedure . 5 8 Calculation . 8 9 Expression and interpretation of results . 9 10 Validity of results . 9 11 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Basic principle of the test 10 Annex B (informative) Example of an

20、apparatus using an electrically heated composting vessel 12 Annex C (informative) Derivation of the equation used to calculate the degree of biodegradation from the amount of carbon dioxide evolved . 14 Bibliography . 15BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 ISO 14855-2:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Forew

21、ord ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techni

22、cal committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of e

23、lectrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

24、the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for i

25、dentifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14855-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical- chemical properties. ISO 14855 consists of the following parts, under the general title Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materi

26、als under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide: Part 1: General method Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale testBS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 ISO 14855-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction Management of pla

27、stics waste is a serious problem in the world. Plastics recovery technologies include material recovery (mechanical recycling, chemical or feedstock recycling, and biological or organic recycling) and energy recovery (heat, steam or electricity as a substitute for fossil fuels or other fuel resource

28、s). The use of biodegradable plastics is one valuable recovery option (biological or organic recycling). Several ISO standards for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials have been published. In particular, ISO 14855-1 is a common test method that measures th

29、e amount of carbon dioxide evolved using methods such as continuous infrared analysis, gas chromatography or titration. Compared with ISO 14855-1, the amounts of compost inoculum and test sample used in this part of ISO 14855 are one-tenth the size. In order to ensure the activity of the compost ino

30、culum, inert material that gives the mixture the same texture as soil is mixed into the inoculum. The carbon dioxide evolved from the test vessel is determined by absorbing it in a carbon dioxide trap and carrying out gravimetric analysis of the absorbent. The method described in this part of ISO 14

31、855, which uses a closed system to capture the carbon dioxide evolved, can also be used to obtain valuable information, by means of isotopic-labelling studies, on the way in which the molecular structure of co-polymers degrades.BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 . vi BS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 INTERNATIONAL STANDAR

32、D ISO 14855-2:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test WA

33、RNING Sewage, activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenic organisms. Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care. 1S c o p e This part of ISO 14855 specifies a

34、method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions by gravimetric measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aeration and tempe

35、rature of the composting vessel. The method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of these; plastic materials that contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants; water-soluble polymers; materials that, under the test conditions, do n

36、ot inhibit the activity of micro-organisms present in the inoculum. If the test material inhibits micro-organisms in the inoculum, another type of mature compost or pre-exposure compost can be used. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of th

37、is document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5663, Water quality Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen Method after mineralization with selenium ISO 8245, Water quality Gu

38、idelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ISO 11721-1, Textiles Determination of resistance of cellulose-containing textiles to micro-organisms Soil burial test Part 1: Assessment of rot-retardant finishing ISO 14855-1, Determination of the ultim

39、ate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General methodBS EN ISO 14855-2:2009 ISO 14855-2:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the followi

40、ng terms and definitions apply. 3.1 compost organic soil conditioner obtained by biodegradation of a mixture principally consisting of various vegetable residues, occasionally with other organic material and having a limited mineral content 3.2 composting aerobic process designed to produce compost

41、3.3 total dry solids amount of solids obtained by taking a known volume of test material or compost and drying at about to constant mass 3.4 volatile solids amount of solids obtained by subtracting the residue of a known volume of test material or compost after incineration at about from the total d

42、ry solids of the same sample NOTE The volatile-solids content is an indication of the amount of organic matter present. 3.5 ultimate aerobic biodegradation breakdown of an organic compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements

43、 present (mineralization) plus new biomass 3.6 theoretical amount of evolved carbon dioxide ThCO 2 maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidizing a chemical compound, calculated from the molecular formula and expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per mill

44、igram or gram of test compound 3.7 lag phase time, measured in days, from the start of a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degradation micro- organisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has increased to about of the maximum level of bio

45、degradation 3.8 maximum level of biodegradation degree of biodegradation, measured as a percentage, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test 3.9 biodegradation phase time, measured in days, from the end of the lag phase of a test until about of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached 3.10 plateau phase time, measured in days, from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of the test 105 C 550 C 10 % 90 %