BS EN 12670-2002 Natural stone - Terminology《天然石料 术语》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12670:2002 Natural stone Terminology The European Standard EN 12670:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.15; 01.040.91 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 12670:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the d

2、irection of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 February 2002 BSI 27 February 2002 ISBN 0 580 39185 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language v

3、ersion of EN 12670:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which

4、 implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not

5、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible Eur

6、opean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, p

7、ages 2 to 49 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12670 December2001 ICS01.040.73;01.040.91;73.020;91.100.15 Englishv

8、ersion NaturalstoneTerminology PierrenaturelleTerminologie NatursteinTerminologie ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon20October2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyaltera

9、tion.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberinto

10、itsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.

11、EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12670:2001EEN12670:2001(E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Intr

12、oduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 TerminologyofNaturalStone . 5 2.1 Geologicalterms . 5 2.2 Quarryingterms. . 27 2.3 Processingterms 29 2.4 Productsandinstallationterms . . 32 3 ScientificClassifications . 35 3.1 GeologicalTimeScale(Informative) 3 5 3.2 ScientificClassificationCharts . 36 3.2.1 IgneousRocksCla

13、ssificationCharts 3 6 3.2.2 SedimentaryRocksClassificationCharts 42 3.2.3 MetamorphicRocksClassificationChart . 46 AnnexA(informative)AlphabeticIndex . 47 Bibliography . 53EN12670:2001(E) 3 Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC246“NaturalStone“, thesecretariatofwhich

14、isheldbyUNI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofan identicaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2002,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbe withdrawnatthelatestbyJune2002. Thisdraftstandardisoneofaseriesofstandardsfornaturalstoneproductsincludingdenomi

15、nation, testmethodsandproductstandards. AnnexesAandBareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthe followingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy

16、,Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12670:2001(E) 4 Introduction ThetermNaturalStonegroupsseveralrocktypeswithmarkedgeologicaldifferences.Theextraction elaborationandcommerceofNaturalStonehavesetaveryparticularvocabulary.Manyofthese termshavebeentak

17、enfromthepopularorquarrymenlanguage,whichsometimesisfarfrom scientificdefinitions;thisoftenresultsinagreatdealofconfusion. ThisstandardestablishestheterminologicalbasesforgeologicalandpetrologicdefinitionsofNatural Stoneanditsclassification.Referencestodefinitionsofnaturalstoneproducts,definedinothe

18、r EuropeanStandards,areprovidedwhennecessary.Italsoincorporatesmostofthepopularor commercialterminology. Theterminologycoversthefieldsofgeology,mining,processing,marketingandproductsofNatural Stone.Theincludedscientificclassificationsallowstosetthescientificnameofthestonevarieties.EN12670:2001(E) 5

19、1Scope ThisEuropeanStandarddefinestherecommendedterminologycoveringscientific,andtechnical terms,testmethods,products,andtheclassificationofNaturalStones. 2 TerminologyofNaturalStone NOTEForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandardthefollowingabbreviationsapply: e.g.forexample(Latin exempligratia ); i.e.tha

20、tis(Latin idest ). 2.1 Geologicalterms 2.1.1 accessoryminerals: Rockformingmineralsthatoccurinsuchsmallamountsthattheyare notincludedintheclassificationoftherock. NOTEAccessorymineralscanbeusedtostatepreciselythenameoftherock,e.g.biotitegranite.(SeealsoEN 12440). 2.1.2 acidrock: Igneousrockthatconta

21、insmorethan65%ofsilica. 2.1.3 actinolite: CaMgFeamphibole.Seeamphiboleformula. 2.1.4 agate: Cryptocrystallinevarietyofsilica,showingavariegatedbandedstructureandwaxy luster. 2.1.5 agglomerate: Extrusivepyroclasticrockofconsolidatedorunconsolidatedcoarsevolcanic fragments(withdiametersgreaterthan64mm

22、),inwhichroundedpyroclastspredominate. 2.1.6 alabaster: Finegrained,compactvarietyofgypsum,usuallywhiteorpalecolouredand translucent. 2.1.7 albite: Sodiumplagioclase,formulaNa AlSi 3 O 8 Seeplagioclase. 2.1.8 alkalifeldspar: Thealkalirichfeldsparsmicrocline,orthoclase,sanidine,albite,withlessthan 5%

23、anorthite.Seefeldsparandplagioclase. 2.1.9 allochems: Oneoftheseveralvarietiesofdiscreteandorganizedcarbonateaggregatesthat serveasthecoarserframeworkgrainsinmostmechanicallydepositedlimestones.Important allochemsinclude:silt,sand,gravelsizeintraclastsooids;pellets;lumpsandfossilsorfossil fragments.

24、 2.1.10 allotriomorphic;anhedral;xenomorphic: Termappliedtomineralswhichshowinthin sectionsnocharacteristicorrationalfaces,suggestedbyitscrystallinestructure. 2.1.11 alteration: Changesofthemineralogicalcompositionofarockbroughtaboutbyphysical, chemicalorbiologicalmeans,includingactionsofhydrotherma

25、lsolutionsandweathering processes.Differsfrommetamorphisminbeingmilder,morelocalizedandnotrestrictedto hightemperatures. 2.1.12 alumina;corundum: Amineral,formulaAl 2 O 3 .Usedinfinepolishing. 2.1.13 amorphous: Mineralthatdoesnothaveacrystallinestructure. 2.1.14 amphibole: Familyofdarkferromagnesian

26、silicateminerals,generalformula A 23 B 5 (Si,Al) 8 O 22 (OH) 2 ,whereA=Mg,Fe 2 + ,Ca,Na;B=Mg,Fe 2 + ,Fe 3 + ,Al. 2.1.15 amphibolite: Metamorphicrockconsistingmainlyofamphiboleandplagioclase.See3.2.3.1 2.1.16 amygdaloidal: Fabricofvolcanicrockswherevesiclesarepresent,whicharefullorpartially filledwit

27、hsecondaryminerals. 2.1.17 analcime: AmineralNa AlSi 2 O 6 H 2 Oofthezeolitegroup,whichcanoccurinbasalts.SeeEN12670:2001(E) 6 alsozeolite,secondaryminerals. 2.1.18 anhedral:Seeallotriomorphic. 2.1.19 anisotropy: Propertyofsomemineralsandrocksofhavingdifferentbehaviourindifferent directions.i.e.hardn

28、essinkyanite,thermalexpansionincalcite,flexuralresistanceinslate. 2.1.20 andalusite: MineralAl 2 SiO 5 polymorphouswithsillimaniteandkyanite. 2.1.21 andesite: Volcanicrockcomposedmainlyofplagioclase(oligoclaseandesine)andoneor moreofthedarkmineralsamphibole,pyroxene,andbiotite. 2.1.22 anhydrite: Sed

29、imentaryevaporiticmineral,formulaCaSO 4 . 2.1.23 ankerite:Mineralofdolomitegroupwithcalciumandiron. 2.1.24 anorthite: Calcicplagioclase,Ca Al 2 Si 2 O 8 .Seeplagioclase. 2.1.25 anorthoclase: Sodiumrichmineralofthealkalifeldspargroup,formula(Na,K)AlSi 3 O 8 .Its composition,intermofthemolefractionoft

30、heorthoclasecomponent(or)andthealbite component(ab)isor 40 ab 60 toor 10 ab 90 .Seefeldspar,microcline,plagioclase,orthoclase. 2.1.26 anorthosite: Plutonicrockmainlycomposedofplagioclaseandlittleornodarkminerals.See 3.2.1.1. 2.1.27 antiperthite: Feldsparcontainingintergrowthlamellaeoforthoclaseinalb

31、ite.Seealso feldsparandperthite. 2.1.28 apatite: Groupofminerals,formulaCa 5 (PO 4 ,CO 3 ) 3 (F,OH,Cl). 2.1.29 aplite: Finegraineddykerockofgraniticcomposition. 2.1.30 aragonite: Mineral,polymorphouswithcalcite,formulaCaCO 3 . 2.1.31 arenite: Consolidatedsedimentaryrockmainlycomposedofsandsizedetrit

32、alfragmentsor mineralgrains,usuallythetermisusedwithaprefixthatreferstoitscompositionorgenesis, e.g.quartzarenite.Seealso3.2.2.4 2.1.32 argillite: Consolidatedsedimentaryrockmainlycomposedwhollyofdetritalclaysizeparticles orclayminerals. 2.1.33 arkose: Sedimentarydetritalrockwithlessthan75%quartzand

33、ahighcontentoffeldspar grains.See3.2.2.4. 2.1.34 augenfabric;ocellarfabric: Fabricinsomerocks,usuallymetamorphic,consistingof ellipsoidalorlensshapedporphyroblasts,crystals,orfragments,roundedandenvelopedby thefoliation,resemblingeyes(augen)inacrosssection. 2.1.35 augite(clinopyroxenes): Mineralofth

34、epyroxenegroup(clinopiroxenes),generalformula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe 2 + ,Al)(Si,Al) 2 O 6 2.1.36 banded: Rock havingalternatingnearlyparallellayersthatdifferincolour,fabricormineral composition,andbecauseofthatitshowsalternatingbandsinacrosssection. 2.1.37 basalt(basanite): a)Scientifically:volcanicrockcons

35、istingessentiallyofplagioclase(labradoriteanorthite)and pyroxeneandincludesafinegrainedtodensefabric(See3.2.1.3). b)Commercially: basaltisanaturalstoneasperthescientificdefinitionofbasaltandotherrocks suchasbasalt,picrites,diabases,doleritesandmicrogabbros. 2.1.38 basic:Igneousrockwithmorethan45%and

36、lessthan52%ofsilice. 2.1.39 beddingplane: a)Aplanarornearlyplanarsurfacethatvisiblyseparatestheindividualbeds,layersorstrata, especiallyinsedimentaryrocks.EN12670:2001(E) 7 b)Anysurface,evenwhenconspicuouslybentordeformedbyfolding. 2.1.40 bioclasticrock: Sedimentaryrockconsistingoffragmentsandbroken

37、remainsoforganisms; e.g.limestonecomposedofshellfragments. 2.1.41 biotite:Blackrockformingmineralofthemicagroup,formulaK(Mg,Fe 2 + ) 3 (Al,Fe 3 + )Si 3 O 10 (OH) 2 . 2.1.42 blasto: Prefixusedtodescribethemetamorphicrockfabricsdenotingthepresenceof residualcrystalsorpreexistingfabricmodifiedbymetamor

38、phism,butstillrecognized;e.g. blastogranular,blastomylonitic. 2.1.43 breccia: a)Acoarsegrainedclasticsedimentaryrockcomposedbyangularrockfragmentsheldtogether byamineralcementorinafinegrainedmatrix. b)Rockconsistingofhighlyangularcoarsefragments,ofwhateverorigin,forexample,volcanic breccia(explosive

39、origin),faultbreccia(tectoniccrushingorigin),intraclasticbreccia(sedimentary origin). 2.1.44 Buntsandstein: ThelowerpartofTriassicPeriod.See3.1. 2.1.45 calcarenite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofrecycleddetritalcalcitegrainsofsand size. 2.1.46 calcareous: Containingcalciumcarbonate. 2.1.47 calci

40、lutite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentsofsiltor claysize. 2.1.48 calcirudite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentslarger thansandsize.Seerudite. 2.1.49 calcisiltite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentsofs

41、ilt size. 2.1.50 calcite:Mineral,verycommoninsomesedimentaryandmetamorphicrocks,formulaCaCO 3 ; trimorphouswitharagoniteandvaterite. 2.1.51 calciticdolomite: Carbonaterockwhich50%to89%ofthemineraldolomite.(Seealso 3.2.2.2). 2.1.52 calciticmarble: amarblecontainingmorethan90%ofcalcite. 2.1.53 calcsil

42、icatemarble: Marblewithcalciumandpartiallymagnesiumsilicateminerals.See marble,ophicalcite,3.2.3.2 2.1.54 calcschist;carbonatemicaschist: Schistwithcarbonateminerals,inalesseramountthan amarble.Seeschist,3.2.3. 2.1.55 Cambrian: TheoldestsystemandperiodintowhichthePalaeozoicisdivided.See3.1. 2.1.56 c

43、arbonate: MineralcontainingCO 3 2 ;calcite,dolomite,magnesite,andsideritearefrequent rockformingcarbonateminerals. 2.1.57 carbonaterock: Rockconsistingchieflyofcarbonateminerals,especiallyasedimentary rock;limestone,dolomite,andcarbonatiteareexamplesofcarbonaterocks.See3.2.2.2. 2.1.58 Carboniferous:

44、 PeriodandsystemofthePalaeozoic.See3.1. 2.1.59 cataclastic: Pertainingtothestructureandtextureproducedinarockbyseveremechanical stressduringdynamicmetamorphism;bending,breaking,andfragmentationofthemineral grainsarecharacteristicfeatures;alsosaidoftherocksexhibitingsuchstructure.(Seealso breccia). 2.1.60 cement: Mineralmateria,usuallychemicallyprecipitated,thatoccursinthespacesamongthe individualgrainsofaconsolidatedsedimentaryrock,therebybindingthegrainstoge