BS EN 12665-2011 en 3018 Light and lighting Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements《光和照明 用于规定照明要求的基本术语和标准》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12665:2011Light and lighting Basic terms and criteriafor specifying lightingrequirementsBS EN 12665:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK im

2、plementation of EN 12665:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 12665:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPL/34/10, Lamps and Related Equipment - Light andLighting.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to it

3、s secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 63838 1ICS 01.040.91; 91.160.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Sta

4、ndard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12665:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12665 June 2011 ICS 01.040.91; 91.160.01 Supersedes EN 12665:2002English Ver

5、sion Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements Lumire et clairage - Termes de base et critres pour la spcification des exigences en clairage Licht und Beleuchtung - Grundlegende Begriffe und Kriterien fr die Festlegung von Anforderungen an die Beleuchtung Thi

6、s European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 May 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references

7、 concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN memb

8、er into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,

9、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Mar

10、nix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12665:2011: EBS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 42 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .53.1 Eye

11、 and vision 53.2 Light and colour .73.3 Lighting equipment. 153.4 Daylight 213.5 Lighting installations 233.6 Lighting measurements . 334 Framework for the specification of lighting requirements . 344.1 General . 344.2 Illuminance 344.3 Luminance . 354.4 Glare . 354.5 Colour 354.6 Energy 354.7 Maint

12、enance 354.8 Measurements . 364.9 Accuracy 36Annex A (informative) Additional explanation of defined terms . 37Annex B (informative) Index of terms. 40Annex C (informative) A deviation 46Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive

13、 2008/57/EC . 47Bibliography . 48BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12665:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eith

14、er by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free T

15、rade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This document supersedes EN 12665:2002. The main technical changes in this revision are: inclusion of

16、 terms previously absent collated from EN 1837, EN 1838, EN 12193, EN 12464-1, EN 12464-2, EN 13032-1, EN 13032-2 and EN 15193. The significant change between EN 12665:2002 and EN 12665:2011 is within the scope of the document. EN 12665:2002 defined basic terms for use in lighting applications, and

17、specialist terms with limited applications were defined in individual standards. In practice this resulted in cases of similar terminology being used to define different concepts, and conversely different terms being used to describe similar concepts. Therefore EN 12665:2011 defines basic terms and

18、definitions for use in all lighting applications. Furthermore some references have been updated. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pate

19、nt rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela

20、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard specifies a basic framework to be used for the specific

21、ation of lighting requirements. Where a term is contained in CIE Publication 17.4:1987 International Lighting Vocabulary (IEC 60050, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, Chapter 845 Lighting), the term given in this standard is identical. For some terms additional explanation is given in infor

22、mative Annex A. An index of terms is given in informative Annex B. The lighting requirements for a space are determined by the need to provide: adequate illumination for safety and movement; conditions which will facilitate visual performance and colour perception; acceptable visual comfort for the

23、occupants in the space. The relative importance of these factors will vary for different applications. The lighting requirements for visual comfort and satisfaction of the occupants, will often exceed the requirements for visual performance alone. For example, the visual task may simply require the

24、discrimination of black symbols on a white background; the colour rendering of the lighting is irrelevant to this task but it is important in making the appearance of the room and occupants acceptable. Variations of the lighting in space and time may also be important for visual satisfaction and can

25、 help to meet the interpersonal differences found within groups of people. Considerations should also be given to the energy used by lighting and to maintenance. The parameters which need to be specified to ensure good visual conditions and an efficient lighting installation are common to many appli

26、cations. These are dealt with in Clause 4. 1 Scope This European Standard defines basic terms and definitions for use in all lighting applications. This European Standard also sets out a framework for the specification of lighting requirements, giving details of aspects which have to be considered w

27、hen setting those requirements. BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 5 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc

28、ument (including any amendments) applies. CIE 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary Chapter 845: Lighting 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Eye and vision 3.1.1 adaptation process by which the state of the visual system i

29、s modified by previous and present exposure to stimuli that can have various luminances, spectral distributions and angular subtenses NOTE 1 The terms light adaptation and dark adaptation are also used, the former when the luminances of the stimuli are of at least several candelas per square metre,

30、and the latter when the luminances are of less than some hundredths of a candela per square metre. NOTE 2 Adaptation to specific spatial frequencies, orientations, sizes, etc. are recognized as being included in this definition. IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-07 3.1.2 accommodation adjustm

31、ent of the dioptric power of the crystalline lens by which the image of an object, at a given distance, is focused on the retina IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-44 3.1.3 visual acuity 1. qualitatively: capacity for seeing distinctly fine details that have very small angular separation 2. qu

32、antitatively: any of a number of measures of spatial discrimination such as the reciprocal of the value of the angular separation in minutes of arc of two neighbouring objects (points or lines or other specified stimuli) which the observer can just perceive to be separate IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4

33、:1987; 845-02-43 3.1.4 brightness luminosity (obsolete) attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to emit more or less light IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-28 BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 6 3.1.5 contrast 1. in the perceptual sense: assessment of the differenc

34、e in appearance of two or more parts of a field seen simultaneously or successively (hence: brightness contrast, lightness contrast, colour contrast, simultaneous contrast, successive contrast, etc.) 2. in the physical sense: quantity intended to correlate with the perceived brightness contrast, usu

35、ally defined by one of a number of formulae which involve the luminances of the stimuli considered, for example: L/L near the luminance threshold, or L1/L2 for much higher luminances IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-47 3.1.6 brightness contrast subjective assessment of the difference in brig

36、htness between two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or successively 3.1.7 colour contrast subjective assessment of the difference in colour between two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or successively 3.1.8 glare condition of vision in which there is discomfort or a reduction in the ability

37、to see details or objects, caused by an unsuitable distribution or range of luminance, or to extreme contrasts IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-52 3.1.9 flicker impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus whose luminance or spectral distribution fluctuates with

38、 time IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-49 3.1.10 visual field area or extent of physical space visible to an eye at a given position and direction of view NOTE It should be stated whether the visual field is monocular or binocular. 3.1.11 visual performance performance of the visual system a

39、s measured for instance by the speed and accuracy with which a visual task is performed IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-09-04 3.1.12 visual comfort subjective condition of visual well-being induced by the visual environment BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 7 3.1.13 reaction time minimum time

40、interval between the occurrence of an event demanding immediate action and the response to the event (unit: s) NOTE The reaction time includes the time needed for perception, taking a decision and acting. 3.1.14 visual task visual elements of the activity being undertaken NOTE The main visual elemen

41、ts are the size of the structure, its luminance, its contrast against the background and its duration. 3.2 Light and colour 3.2.1 luminous flux quantity derived from radiant flux eby evaluting the radiation according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer (unit: lm) NOTE 1 For phot

42、opic vision ()() dddK0mVe=where is the luminous flux; ()ddeis the spectral distribution of the radiant flux; V() is the spectral luminous efficiency function. NOTE 2 For the values of Km(photopic vision) and Km(scotopic vision), see IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-01-56. IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE

43、 17.4:1987; 845-01-25 3.2.2 luminous intensity (of a source, in a given direction) I quotient of the luminous flux d leaving the source and propagated in the element of solid angle d containing the given direction, by the element of solid angle (unit: cd = lm sr -1) dd=I where I is the luminous inte

44、nsity of a source in a given direction; d is the luminous flux leaving the source; d is the solid angle. BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 8 IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-01-31 3.2.3 luminance (in a given direction, at a given point of a real or imaginary surface) L quantity defined by the e

45、quation (unit: cd m-2= lm m -2 sr -1) ALdcosdd= where L is the luminance in a given direction or at a given point of a surface; d is the luminous flux transmitted by an elementary beam passing through the given point and propagating in the solid angle d containing the given direction; dA is the area

46、 of a section of that beam containing the given point; d is the solid angle; is the angle between the normal to that section and the direction of the beam. NOTE See notes 1 to 5 to IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-01-34. IEC 60050-845:1987/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-01-35 3.2.4 average luminance L lumi

47、nance averaged over the specified surface or solid angle (unit: cd m-2) 3.2.5 minimum luminance Lminlowest luminance of any relevant point on the specified surface (unit: cd m-2) NOTE The relevant points at which the luminances are determined should be specified in the appropriate application standa

48、rd. 3.2.6 maximum luminance Lmaxhighest luminance of any relevant point on the specified surface (unit: cd m-2) NOTE The relevant points at which the luminances are determined should be specified in the appropriate application standard. 3.2.7 maintained luminance Lmminimum average luminance (unit: c

49、d m-2) NOTE 1 Value below which average luminance should not fall. NOTE 2 It is the average luminance at the time maintenance should be carried out. BS EN 12665:2011EN 12665:2011 (E) 9 3.2.8 initial average luminance Liaverage luminance when the installation is new (unit: cd m-2) 3.2.9 luminance contrast photometric quantity intended to correlate with brightness contrast, usually defined by one of a number of equations which involv