BS EN 10228-1-2016 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Magnetic particle inspection《钢锻件无损检验 磁粉检验》.pdf

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1、BS EN 10228-1:2016Non-destructive testing of steelforgingsPart 1: Magnetic particle inspectionBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 10228-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 10228-1:2016.It supe

2、rsedes BS EN 10228-1:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include

3、all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80529 5ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Thi

4、s British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 10228-1:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10228-1 June 2016 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Supersedes EN 1022

5、8-1:1999English Version Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection Essais non destructifs des pices forges - Partie 1 : Contrle par magntoscopie Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schmiedestcken aus Stahl - Teil 1: Magnetpulverprfung This European Standard was approved

6、by CEN on 3 October 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stan

7、dards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and n

8、otified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

9、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC M

10、anagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10228-1:2016 EBS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3

11、 Items for agreement . 4 4 Test procedure . 5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Description 5 4.3 Content 5 5 Personnel qualification . 6 6 Testing system 6 6.1 Magnetizing equipment 6 6.2 Detection media . 6 6.3 Function checks . 6 7 Stage of manufacture . 6 8 Surface condition 7 8.1 General 7 8.2 Surface conditio

12、n related to quality class 7 8.3 As-forged surface condition 7 9 Coverage . 7 10 Magnetization . 7 10.1 Direction of magnetization 7 10.2 Current waveform . 8 10.3 Flux density and field strength . 8 11 Use of detection media 8 12 Viewing conditions . 8 13 Classification of indications 9 14 Recordin

13、g and acceptance criteria 10 15 Removal of defects . 11 16 Demagnetization 11 17 Test report 11 Annex A (normative) Magnetization using prods or electromagnetic yoke 13 A.1 Definition of tested area with prods or yoke . 13 A.2 Definition of search pattern and examination sequence . 14 Annex B (infor

14、mative) Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-1:1999 15 BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 10228-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 111 “Steel castings and forgings”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Europ

15、ean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the ele

16、ments of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10228-1:1999. Annex B provides the significant technical changes to the previous version EN 10228-1:1999. EN 10228 c

17、onsists of the following parts under the general title Non-destructive testing of steel forgings: Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection; Part 2: Penetrant testing; Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings; Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic st

18、ainless steel forgings. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic o

19、f Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European S

20、tandard describes techniques and acceptance criteria to be used for the magnetic particle testing of forgings manufactured from ferromagnetic materials. The method described is used for the detection of surface discontinuities. It can also detect discontinuities just below the surface but the sensit

21、ivity to such discontinuities decreases rapidly with depth. NOTE A steel forging is considered to be ferromagnetic if the magnetic flux density is greater than 1 T for a tangential magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normative

22、ly referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magneti

23、c particle testing Viewing conditions (ISO 3059) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712) EN ISO 9934-1, Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle testing Part 1: General principles (ISO 9934-1) EN ISO 9934-2, Non-destructive testing Magnetic p

24、article testing Part 2: Detection media (ISO 9934-2) EN ISO 9934-3, Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle testing Part 3: Equipment (ISO 9934-3) 3 Items for agreement The following aspects concerning magnetic particle inspection shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time

25、of enquiry and order: a) the manufacturing stages(s) at which magnetic particle inspection shall be performed (see Clause 7); b) the surface areas to be examined (see Clause 8); c) the quality class required, or the quality classes and the surface areas to which they apply (see 8.2 and Clause 14); d

26、) whether the testing shall be performed with the specified detection media (see 6.2); e) whether a particular current waveform is required (see 10.2); f) the applicable recording and acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 2. g) whether demagnetization shall be carried out aft

27、er testing, together with the maximum level of residual magnetism (see Clause 16); h) whether testing shall be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his representative; BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 5 i) whether a written procedure shall be submitted for approval by the purchaser (se

28、e Clause 4). 4 Test procedure 4.1 General Magnetic particle testing shall be performed in accordance with a written test procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order, the written procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to the test. 4.2 Description This written procedur

29、e shall be one of the following: a) a product specification; b) a procedure written specifically for the application; c) this part of EN 10228 may be used if it is accompanied by testing details specific to the application. 4.3 Content The procedure shall contain the following details as minimum req

30、uirements: a) description of the forgings to be tested; b) reference documents; c) qualification of testing personnel; d) stage of manufacture at which the test is carried out; e) surface areas specified in terms of the applicable quality classes; f) magnetizing technique(s); g) description of the t

31、esting equipment; h) calibration and checking of equipment; i) waveform and flux density and/or tangential field strength required for each technique used; j) detection media, and contrast paint if used; k) surface condition required; l) viewing conditions; m) method of marking or recording indicati

32、ons; n) whether demagnetization is required; if so the method to be used and required maximum level of residual magnetism; o) acceptance criteria; BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 6 p) testing report. 5 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified in accordance with EN ISO 9712. 6 Testi

33、ng system 6.1 Magnetizing equipment If the contact current flow (prods) magnetization method is used on a finished machined surface, then the prod contact points shall be checked after magnetization for damage, using an alternative magnetization technique, penetrant testing or visual examination. Al

34、l equipment shall be calibrated and checked in accordance with EN ISO 9934-3. One or more of the following types of magnetizing equipment shall be used: a) alternating current electromagnetic yokes (see Annex A); b) current flow equipment with prods (see Annex A); c) permanent magnets; d) magnetic f

35、low equipment with flexible cable or coil; e) central conductor; f) magnetic induction; g) equipment enabling multiple magnetizing techniques, either coincidentally or in sequence. 6.2 Detection media Detection media shall conform to the requirements detailed in EN ISO 9934-2. 6.3 Function checks A

36、function check shall be carried out prior to the test to ensure the proper functioning of the testing system. The check shall be performed as detailed in EN ISO 9934-1. NOTE The temperature of the forging can be checked to ensure that it is within the detection media manufacturers specified temperat

37、ure limits. 7 Stage of manufacture Where practicable, final acceptance testing shall be performed on the forging in its delivery condition (see Clause 3). BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 7 8 Surface condition 8.1 General Surfaces to be examined shall be clean and free from scale, oil, grease,

38、machining marks, heavy paint and any other contaminant that could adversely affect the testing sensitivity or the interpretation of indications. Cleaning and preparation of the surfaces shall not be detrimental to the material, the surface finish or the detection media. 8.2 Surface condition related

39、 to quality class The finish of surfaces to be tested shall conform to the requirements detailed in Table 1 for the applicable quality class. Table 1 Surface condition Surface roughness parameter Ra*), in m Quality classesa1 2 3 4 6,3 5L3. L1, L2and L3= individual lengths of interacting indications.

40、 Lg= total length of interacting indications Lg= (L1+ d1) + (L2+ d2) + L3. L4, L5and L6= lengths of isolated indications. Lg+ L4+ L5+ L6= cumulative length of indications in reference surface. The total number of indications in the reference surface is 4 (as identified by Lg, L4, L5and L6), see Tabl

41、e 2. Figure 1 Classification of linear indications 14 Recording and acceptance criteria Four quality classes shall be applied to a forging or to parts of a forging. Quality class 4 is the most stringent, dictating the smallest recording level and the smallest acceptance standard. For forgings for ge

42、neral application supplied in the as-forged surface condition only, quality classes 1 and 2 are applicable. BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 11 The applicable quality class(-es) shall be agreed between the purchaser and supplier prior to the test. Table 2 details recording levels and acceptance

43、 criteria that shall be applied for four quality classes. NOTE Where agreed, recording levels and acceptance criteria different from those detailed in Table 2 can be used. Table 2 Quality classes, recording levels and acceptance criteriacParameter Quality class 1 2 3a4bRecording level: indication le

44、ngth (mm) 5 2 2 1 allowable length L of isolated indications and allowable length Lgof interacting indications (mm) 20 8 4 2 allowable cumulative length of indications in the reference surface (mm) 75 36 24 5 Maximum allowable number of indications in the reference surface 15 10 7 5 aQuality class n

45、ot applicable to the examination of areas with a machining allowance greater than 3 mm per face. bQuality class not applicable to the examination of areas with a machining allowance greater than 1 mm per face. cReference surface = 148 mm 105 mm (i.e. A6 format) For objects smaller than the reference

46、 surface, or if only an area is examined smaller than the reference surface, then the maximum allowable number of indications should be determined and agreed accordingly (the acceptance criteria for the dimensions remain unchanged). 15 Removal of defects Indications which do not meet the applicable

47、acceptance criteria shall be considered as defects. Removal of a defect shall be followed by further magnetic particle inspection. Provided that the forging dimensions remain in tolerance, defects shall be eliminated by grinding and/or machining. Elimination of a defect by grinding shall be carried

48、out in the direction perpendicular to the defect and in such a manner as to blend the resulting hollow with the remaining surface. 16 Demagnetization Where agreed between the purchaser and the supplier, demagnetization shall be carried out after the test by use of decreasing current or magnetic flux

49、 in accordance with the requirements detailed in EN ISO 9934-1. Unless otherwise agreed, the relevant level of residual field strength shall not exceed 800 A/m. 17 Test report All magnetic particle tests shall be the subject of a written report which shall include the following information as minimum requirements: a) name of supplier; b) order number; c) identification of forging(s) under examination; BS EN 10228-1:2016EN 10228-1:2016 (E) 12 d) scope of the test: surface areas and applicable quality clas