BS 7273-4-2015 Code of practice for the operation of fire protection measures Actuation of release mechanisms for doors《防火措施运作的实施规程 门用速卸分离机构的传动装置》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 7273-4:2015Code of practice for theoperation of fire protectionmeasures Part 4: Actuation of releasemechanisms for doorsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standard

2、s Institution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84115 6ICS 13.220.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference FSH/12/4Draft for comment 15/30288999 DCPublication historyFirst published April 2007Second (present) edition, June 2015Ame

3、ndments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7273-4:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 44 Categories of actuation 75 Exchange of information and definition of responsibilities 136 Variations from the recommendations of this stand

4、ard 137 Methods of actuation 148 Mechanisms for unlocking and release of doors 179 Interface design 1810 Monitoring, integrity and reliability of actuation arrangements 2011 Manual release controls 2212 Special considerations for the design of any associated fire detection andfire alarm system 2413

5、Power supplies 3014 Cables, wiring and other interconnections 3115 Acoustically-actuated systems 3216 Radio-actuated systems 3217 Electromagnetic compatibility 3318 Electrical safety 3419 Door signage 3520 Commissioning 3521 Maintenance 38AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Applications for mechanisms for

6、unlocking and releasingdoors 41Annex B (normative) Selection of category of actuation 42Annex C (informative) Typical actuation arrangements for releasemechanisms 46Annex D (informative) Example of a suitable sign for a manual releasecontrol 50Annex E (informative) The advantages and disadvantages o

7、f acoustic actuationof release mechanisms 50Annex F (informative) The advantages and disadvantages of radio actuation ofrelease mechanisms 51Annex G (informative) Model commissioning certificate 53Bibliography 54List of figuresFigure 1 Scope of BS 7273-4 2Figure 2 Protection in corridors subdivided

8、by electrically held open crosscorridor fire doors 27Figure 3 Protection where a fire door between a corridor and a stairway iselectrically held open 28Figure 4 Protection where a fire door between a room of limited size and acorridor or a stairway is electrically held-open 29Figure C.1 Use of relay

9、s at fire alarm CIE to actuate release mechanisms 47Figure C.2 Use of addressable loop device to actuate release mechanisms 48Figure C.3 Acoustic actuation of release mechanisms 48Figure C.4 Radio actuation of release mechanisms 49Figure C.5 Combined acoustic and radio actuation of release mechanism

10、s 49Figure D.1 Example of a suitable sign for a manual release control 50Figure G.1 Model commissioning certificate 53BRITISH STANDARD BS 7273-4:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iList of tablesTable 1 Conditions under which the interface with door release mechanisms isfail-safe 11Table B.

11、1 Selection of category of actuation for release of self-closing firedoors 42Table B.2 Selection of category of actuation for release of electronically lockeddoors on means of escape from buildings 43Table B.3 Selection of category of actuation for release of powered slidingdoors on means of escape

12、45Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 56, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7273-4:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7273 is published by BSI Standards L

13、imited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 June 2015. It wasprepared by Technical Committee FSH/12, Fire detection and alarm systems. A listof organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request toits secretary.SupersessionThis part of

14、BS 7273 supersedes BS 7273-4:2007, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7273 is published in five parts: Part 1: Electrical actuation of gaseous total flooding extinguishing systems; Part 2: Mechanical actuation of gaseous total flooding and local applicationextinguishing system

15、s; Part 3: Electrical actuation of pre-action watermist and sprinkler systems; Part 4 (this part): Actuation of release mechanisms for doors; Part 5: Electrical actuation of watermist systems (except pre-action systems).Recommendations for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenanceof fi

16、re detection and fire alarm systems are given in BS 5839-1. In order toconform to this part of BS 7273, such systems are, for the most part, expected toconform to BS 5839-1. However, some of the recommendations given inBS 5839-1 (e.g. in respect of provision and siting of fire detectors) are modifie

17、dby recommendations given in this part of BS 7273. Where this is the case, therecommendations given in this part of BS 7273 take precedence for the purposesof actuation of door release mechanisms.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard and introduces the following prin

18、cipalchanges: To make the standard more straightforward to use and therecommendations more succinct, the text has been shortened and simplified;some of the commentary has been moved to new informative annexes andsome of the previous text has been tabulated e.g. a new Table 1 has beenintroduced, whic

19、h, for all three categories of actuation, describes andcontrasts the conditions under which the interface with a door releasemechanism is fail-safe. The diagrams relating to the location of smoke detectors in relation toelectrically held-open fire doors have been revised. This is intended to makethe

20、 recommendations clearer and to remove possible confusion where asingle diagram has been used to convey several principles applying todetector siting and spacing. There have been changes in terminology to assist users of the standard. Thedesignations, A, B and C for categories of actuation are now r

21、eferred to asCritical, Standard and Indirect. These better describe the suitability ofthe different categories of actuation in relation to particular applications. The guidance in BS 7273-4:2007, Annex A of the previous standard is nownormative and, therefore, the standard includes recommendations (

22、in tablesin Annex B of this version) as to which category of actuation is appropriatefor a particular application.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7273-4:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiUse of this documentAs a code of practice, this part of BS 7273 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. I

23、t should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 7273 is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentati

24、onal conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constit

25、ute a normative element.The word “should” is used to express recommendations of this standard. Theword “may” is used in the text to express permissibility, e.g. as an alternative tothe primary recommendation of the Clause. The word “can” is used to expresspossibility, e.g. a consequence of an action

26、 or an event.Notes and commentaries are provided throughout the text of this standard.Notes give references and additional information that are important but do notform part of the recommendations. Commentaries give background information.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not

27、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7273-4:2015iv The British Standards Institution 2015IntroductionIt is commonplace for th

28、ere to be an interface(s) between a fire detection andfire alarm system and various forms of door hardware. The devices actuated bythe arrangements described in this part of BS 7273 are frequently used, in theevent of fire, to open, release, or unlock doors that form part of the means ofescape in th

29、e event of fire, or that prevent the spread of smoke and fire intoescape routes. Their use might also be required to make buildings, andcirculation routes within buildings, accessible for some groups of people, such asthose with certain forms of disability.Typically, the facilities with which it is

30、often necessary to interface the firedetection and fire alarm system comprise of:a) devices to hold open self-closing fire-resisting doors (e.g. electromagnetic,and acoustically and/or radio-actuated, hold-open devices);b) devices to secure doors on means of escape (e.g. electromagnetically heldlock

31、ing devices and solenoid-operated locks);c) powered sliding doors on means of escape, which might be required toopen permanently on operation of the fire detection and fire alarm system.Applications for these facilities are discussed in Annex A. In this standard, thegeneric term “release mechanism”

32、(see 3.32) is used to describe the devices orarrangements described in a) to c).It is essential that the actuation of the door hardware occurs reliably, as a failureto operate might seriously impede the escape of people from fire by, forexample, failing to unlock fire exit doors, or by permitting sp

33、read of fire orsmoke into escape routes. Failure of electronically secured doors to open in theevent of fire can also hamper fire-fighting and rescue operations by the fire andrescue service.There is often an assumption that the arrangements for actuation of the devicesand facilities to which this s

34、tandard refers will be fail-safe. The assumption ismade that, in the event of a failure of the fire detection and fire alarm system,doors will be released. This cannot always be assured. For example, if the powersupply to an electromagnet fails, the electromagnet will cease to operate,mirroring the

35、situation required in the event of fire. However, on total failure ofthe main and standby power supplies to the control and indicating equipment(CIE), the power supply to the electromagnet might not necessarily beinterrupted, because the supply to the electromagnet can be independent of thesupply to

36、 the CIE.No fire protection equipment or facility is totally immune to failure. The level ofreliability of the actuation arrangements needs to be commensurate with therisk to people in the event of fire and simultaneous failure of the actuationarrangements to operate (see Clause 4).In specifying mea

37、sures for the interface between door release mechanisms andfire detection and fire alarm systems this standard takes into account the risk tooccupants:1) if the facilities fail to operate in the event of operation of the firedetection and fire alarm system; and2) if actuation of release mechanisms o

38、ccurs as a result of events otherthan fire.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7273-4:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 vIn the case of 2), account might also need to be taken of the risk to personsother than occupants (e.g. the general public). In the case of electronicallysecured doors, this British Sta

39、ndard assumes that the only means of releasing thelocks is the electronic arrangement, and that there is no provision formechanical release of locks by building occupants (e.g. by means of athumb-turn or handle). Where such mechanical means of releasing locks isprovided, the full application of all

40、recommendations in this part ofBS 7273 might not be necessary.Throughout the United Kingdom, adequate means of escape in the event offire, and adequate access to buildings, are required under the relevant nationalbuilding regulations: the Building Regulations 2010 1, the Building Regulations(Norther

41、n Ireland) 2012 2, and the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004 3 andsubsequent amendments. Building regulations apply to new building workincluding, amongst other things, material alterations to means of escape in theevent of fire in virtually all existing buildings. Accordingly, approval to fitdev

42、ices actuated by the arrangements described in this part of BS 7273 mightneed approval by the relevant building control body.In England and Wales, adequate means of escape in the event of fire in existingbuildings are required under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 4.Guidance on this l

43、egislation in England and Wales, including the use of releasemechanisms for doors, is published by the Department for Communities andLocal Government (www.gov.uk). Similar requirements are imposed byequivalent legislation in Scotland1)and Northern Ireland2). In each case, thelegislation requires tha

44、t fire precautions, including provisions relating to meansof escape, be based on a fire risk assessment. Throughout Great Britain, theEquality Act 2010 9, and similar legislation in Northern Ireland, requires that, inmost buildings, reasonable adjustments to the physical features of premises arecarr

45、ied out to overcome physical barriers to access. Certain devices actuated bythe arrangements described in this part of BS 7273 are used to overcome suchphysical barriers.Although this part of BS 7273 gives recommendations for the design of theinterface between a fire detection and fire alarm system

46、and devices that open,unlock or release doors in the event of fire, this does not necessarily mean thatsuch devices will be acceptable (e.g. under legislation) in all circumstances in allpremises. Guidance on this matter can be found in the guidance documents thatsupport legislation and in other rel

47、evant British Standards. Often, theacceptability of the devices, and of the type of device used, will be determinedby a risk assessment carried out by a competent person. Building control bodiesand fire and rescue authorities can give advice in particular circumstances.1)The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005

48、 5 and the Fire Safety (Scotland) Regulations 2006 6.Guidance on the Scottish legislation is published by Scottish Government(www.scotland.gov.uk).2)The Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 7 and Fire SafetyRegulations (Northern Ireland) 2010 8. Guidance on the legislation in North

49、ernIreland is published by Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety(dhsspsni.gov.uk).BRITISH STANDARDBS 7273-4:2015vi The British Standards Institution 20151 ScopeThis part of BS 7273 gives recommendations for the design, installation,commissioning and maintenance of electrical control arrangements for actuationof mechanisms that unlock, release or open doors in the event of fire. It appliesto all aspects of the interface between these mechanisms and a fire detectionand fire alarm system, inclu