BS 3618-3-1971 Glossary of mining terms - Boring and exploration《采掘术语 第3部分 钻孔和探测》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3618-3: 1971 Glossary of Mining terms Section3: Boring and explorationBS3618-3:1971 This BritishStandard, having been approved by the Mining andQuarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee,was published underthe authorityof the Executive Boardon 18February1971 BSI12-1999 Firs

2、t published May1963 First revision February1971 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MQE/17 Draft for approval69/21049 ISBN 580 06128 0 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervisio

3、n this BritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Steel Industry Department

4、of Trade and Industry Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Associations of Mining Equipment Manufacturers Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Institute of Quarrying Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling

5、Engineers Association National Coal Board* The Government department and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: Institution of Mining and Metal

6、lurgy University of Birmingham University of London University of Nottingham Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Glossary 1BS3618-3:1971 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This glossary has

7、 been prepared, under the authority of the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in the United Kingdom. Although the majority of the terms defined in the original edition of this glossary

8、were primarily concerned with coal mining, account has been taken of terms used in other forms of mining and of quarrying. The need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more than one synonym, some purely local in o

9、rigin, to indicate specific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of sections, according to subject matter, as follows: Section1: Planning and surveying; Section2: Ventilation; Section3: Boring and exploration; Section4: Drainage; Section5: Geology; Section6: Drilling and blasting; Sect

10、ion7: Electrical engineering and lighting; Section8: Winning and working; Section9: Shafts and associated equipment; Section10: Transport; Section11: Strata control. Section3, “Boring and exploration”, was one of the early publications in the BS3618 series. In the normal process of periodical review

11、 it was seen that certain amendments were desirable; therefore, since the previous edition was dated1963, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms primarily associated with coal are separately defined in

12、 BS3323, “Glossary of coal terms”, and terms relating to coal preparation are defined in BS3552, “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where two or more terms are grouped together, the term which

13、is favoured is printed first and in heavy type. It is hoped that such preferred terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in small capital letters. Where the use of any term is considered to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Genera

14、lly, only terms which have a specific meaning in this field have been included. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in mining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but tho

15、se of sufficient importance are included as non-preferred terms. 4) Obsolete terms are excluded. The subject of soil mechanics is not covered by this standard and, for terms in that field, reference should be made to CP2001, “Site investigations”, and CP2003, “Earthworks”.BS3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999 i

16、ii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document compris

17、es a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesitoiv, pages1 to7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999 1 Glossary Term De

18、finition air flushing The circulation of air through the drilling apparatus during drilling to cool the bit and to remove the cuttings from the hole. auger EARTH AUGER HAND AUGER 1. A tool, developed from the Archimedean screw, used for soil sampling or the drilling of shallow holes. 2. See also Win

19、ning and working section. auger stem See drill stem. bailer 1. A tube, fitted with a valve at its base, which is lowered into a borehole to remove cuttings and water. 2. See also Drainage section. beche See definition of fishing tools. bentonite A special form of thixotropic clay used in the composi

20、tion of drilling mud. bevel-wall bit A diamond coring bit with its inner walls tapered to house a split ring core lifter. bit The cutting tool of a drilling or boring appliance. NOTESee under the following types of bit: bevel-wall, bottom discharge, bull-nose, casing, casing shoe, chilled shot, chop

21、ping, concave, cross, cruciform, diamond, drag, face discharge, fir-tree, fishtail, hand-set, impregnated, non-core, pilot, plug, reaming, reaming shell, roller rock, rose, sintered, spudding, under reaming, wallscraper, wedge reaming, wedge rose. boart See definition of diamond. borehole logging Th

22、e determination of the physical, electrical and radioactive properties of the rocks traversed by a borehole. boring head See drill head. bort See definition of diamond. bortz See definition of diamond. bottom discharge bit A type of diamond coring bit designed to prevent crosion of the core by the f

23、lushing water. The inner tube of the core barrel is extended to protect the core, and the flushing water after passing down the annular space between the inner and outer tubes, is discharged inside the bit near to the cutting face. bracehead TILLER A long handle used to turn the drill string in perc

24、ussive drilling. bull-nose bit See plug bit. bull wheel A reel used in rope drilling to accommodate the boring rope by which the bit is suspended in the hole. cable drilling See rope drilling. calf wheel A reel used in rope drilling to accommodate the rope by which the casing is raised or lowered. c

25、aliper An instrument used in conjunction with a microlog which, when lowered down a borehole, measures and records the internal diameter throughout its depth. calyx See sediment tube. calyx drilling A method of rotary drilling using a toothed cutting bit or chilled shot. carbon See definition of dia

26、mond.BS3618-3:1971 2 BSI 11-1999 Term Definition casing FLUSH-COUPLED CASING FLUSH-JOINT CASING Piping used to support the sides of a borehole. Flush-coupled casing is joined with a coupling which has the same outside diameter as the casing, but has two male threaded ends. Flush-joint casing has a m

27、ale thread at one end and a female thread at the other; no coupling is used. casing bit A diamond-set or tungsten carbide tipped rotary bit designed to bore out an annulus slightly larger than the casing. It is withdrawn before the casing is inserted. casing drive hammer DRIVE HAMMER MONKEY, depreca

28、ted A weight used to drive casing down a borehole. casing drive head DRIVE HEAD A collar screwed to the top of the column of casing to prevent the casing from being damaged by the impact of the drive hammer. casing drive shoe DRIVE SHOE A hardened steel shoe screwed to the lower end of the casing to

29、 protect the casing when it is driven down a hole by percussive means. casing jar hammer JAR HAMMER A drive hammer used to extract casing. casing shoe A diamond-set rotary bit screwed to the end of the casing. It clears the way for the casing and is normally left in the borehole. cathead 1. An auxil

30、iary general purpose winch associated with a drilling rig. 2. See also Shafts and associated equipment section. cavings Rock fragments which fall from the sides of a borehole. chilled shot bit A flat-surfaced bit used with hardened steel shot to drill rock by a milling action. chilled shot drilling

31、A method of rotary drilling in which chilled steel shot is used as the cutting medium. chopping bit A chisel-bit used in rotary drilling to break up dropped core or broken rock. circulating fluid The fluid, which may be water, mud or air, circulated through the drilling apparatus during drilling. It

32、s chief functions are to remove the cuttings, to cool the bit, and in the case of mud to support the sides of the hole. circulating pump MUD PUMP SLUSH PUMP The pump used to circulate mud or water through the drilling column. clamps See slips. clinometer INCLINOMETER, deprecated An instrument used t

33、o determine the amount and direction of deviation of a borehole from the vertical. collar The mouth of a borehole. collaring The operation of starting to bore a hole. concave bit See plug bit. conductor casing See standpipe. congo See definition of diamond. core The cylindrical sample of rock bored

34、out during core drilling. core barrel The cylindrical container which receives the core as it is drilled. (See also double-tube, single-tube, split and wire line core barrels.)BS3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999 3 Term Definition core catcher See core lifter. core clip See core lifter. core drilling A method

35、of rotary drilling in which a core is recovered. core lifter CORE SPRING CORE CATCHER, deprecated CORE CLIP, deprecated A spring clip at the base of the core barrel which grips the core, enabling it to be broken off and brought out of the hole. core picker A cylinder with flat internal springs used

36、to recover dropped core. core shell See reaming shell. core spring See core lifter. counter flush boring REVERSED FLUSH BORING A method of core drilling in which the circulating fluid passes down the borehole and returns up the inside of the rods, providing continuous recovery of the core. cross bit

37、 CRUCIFORM BIT A percussive bit which has four chisel edges arranged in a cross. crown That part of a bit which contains the cutting diamonds. crown block A pulley block mounted at the top of a derrick from which the travelling block is suspended. cruciform bit See cross bit. dart See definition of

38、fishing tools. deflection The intentional alteration of the course of a borehole in directional drilling. deflection wedge WHIPSTOCK, deprecated A wedge-shaped tool inserted in a borehole to direct the bit along a prescribed course. derrick The framework over a borehole, used primarily to allow leng

39、ths of drill rod to be added to the drilling column. deviation The wandering of a borehole from its intended course. diamond A diamond of industrial grade used as the cutting element in drill bits: known variously as boart, bort, bortz, carbon, congo,etc. diamond bit A rotary bit using diamonds as t

40、he cutting media. dip meter An instrument used to record the amount and direction of the dip of strata exposed in the sides of a borehole. directional drilling 1. Drilling in which the course of a borehole is controlled by deflection wedges or other means. The technique of directional drilling is us

41、ed: a. To deflect a deviated borehole back on to course. b. To deflect a borehole off course, either to by-pass an obstruction in the hole or to take a second core. 2. The drilling of a borehole in a predetermined direction. double-tube core barrel A core barrel fitted with an inner tube to protect

42、the core from erosion by the circulating fluid. drag bit FISHTAIL BIT PILOT BIT A rotary bit which has two or more cutting blades or wings with hard-faced cutting edges. (Various types are the two-wing, three-wing, fishtail and pilot bits.) draw works HOIST The winch used in rotary drilling to raise

43、 and lower the drilling column and casing.BS3618-3:1971 4 BSI 11-1999 Term Definition drill collar GUIDE ROD A heavy drill rod attached to the top of the core barrel to minimize deviation of the hole and to increase the thrust on the bit at the start of the hole. drill head SWIVEL HEAD BORING HEAD,

44、deprecated The assembly which applies the drilling pressure and rotation to the drill rods. drill rods Lengths of rod coupled together forming the drilling column, to the end of which the core barrel and/or bit are attached. drill stem AUGER STEM, deprecated A long rod used in rope drilling to incre

45、ase the weight acting on the bit. drill string The string of tools commonly used in rope drilling, namely, rope socket, sinker bar, sliding jars, drill stem and drill bit. drilling column The column of drill rods to the end of which the core barrel and/or bit are attached. drilling rate The overall

46、rate of advancement of the borehole. drive hammer See casing drive hammer. drive head 1. See casing drive head. 2. See also Transport section. drive rod A splined rod in the drill head of a diamond drilling apparatus, by means of which pressure and rotation are applied to the column of drill rods. d

47、rive shoe See casing drive shoe. earth auger See auger. face discharge bit A type of diamond bit of similar design to that of the bottom discharge bit (q.v.). The flushing water passes down the annular space between the inner and outer tubes of the core barrel and is discharged through holes in the

48、face of the bit without washing against the core. fir-tree bit A rotary bit in which a number of cutting edges are arranged behind a pilot bit to enlarge the hole. fishing tackle See fishing tools. fishing tools FISHING TACKLE Tools used to recover objects lost or stuck down a borehole, such as a le

49、ngth of rods remaining in the hole after the drill column has broken. (Examples of these tools are beche, dart, recovery tap, spear, spring dart.) fishtail bit See drag bit. flush-coupled casing See casing. flush-joint casing See casing. four-cutter bit See definition of roller rock bit. gamma-ray log The record obtained in borehole logging of the radio active emission of the rocks traversed by a borehole. geochemical prospecting A method of mineral exploration based on the systematic measurement of the chemical properties of rocks, soils, river sedim