BS 2693-1-1956 Specification for screwed studs - General purpose studs《双头螺栓 第1部分 通用双头螺拴》.pdf

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1、BRlTISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION SCREWED STUDS PART 1 GENERAL PURPOSE STUDS B.S. 2693 : 1956 OBSOLESCENT Incorporating amendments issued October. 1957 (PD 2905) and January. 1966 (PD 5722). +:Y- - . “ r;- .”. I -” BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 1NCOHPOWATED BY ROYAL CHARTER BRITISH STANDARDS HOUSE, 2 P

2、ARK ST., LONDON, W.! TELEGRAMS : STANDARDS, AUDLEY, LONDON TELEPHONE: MAYFAIR uric 62 1 .SSl.Zl B.S. 2693 : 1956 BSI BS*2693: PARTxL 56 I1624667 0529200 34T m THIS BRITISH STANDARD, having been approved by the Mechanieai Engineering Industry Standards Committee and erldorscd by the Chairman of the E

3、ngineering Ilivisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 30th January, 1956. The lnstitution desires to call attention to the fact that this British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. In order to keep abreast of progres

4、s in the industries concerned, British Standards are subject to periodical review. Suygestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the notice of the committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer. . A complete list of British Standards, numbering

5、 over 5000, indexed and cross-indexed for reference, together with an abstract of each standard, will be found in the Institutions Yearbook. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards :- B.S. 84. Screw threads of Whitworth form. B.S. 93. B.A. screw threads. B.S. 1580. Unified s

6、crew threads. British Starrdards are revised, when necessary, by the issue either of amendment slips or of revised editions. It is important that users of British Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or editions. The following B.S.I. references relate to th

7、e work on this standard :- Committee reference MEE/60/8. Draft for comment CI(MEW373. 2 BSI BSa2b93: PART*L 5b m 3rb24bb9 0529201 2Bb m B.S. 2693 : 1956 CONTENTS Co-operating organizations Foreword SPECIFICATION 1. Scope 2. Material 3. Nomenclature 4. Nominal length 5. Ends of studs 6. Plain portion

8、 7. Length of thread 8. Screw threads 9. Finishing allowance I O. Straightness Page 4 5 7 7 7 8 9 IO 18 II II II 1 1. Identification II 12. Recommended fitting practice for metal end of stud II TABLES 3. Studs with UNF threads 4. Studs with UNC threads 5. Studs with B.S.F. threads 6. Studs with B.S.

9、W. threads 7. Studs with B.A. threads 13 13 14 14 15 APPENDICES A. Schedule of mechanical properties of finished steel studs 16 B. Limits and tolerances for B.A. nuts, extracted from I3.S. 93, I919 17 3 . i CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATlONS ?he Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under who

10、se supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives rom the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations :- Air Ministry Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers (Incorporated) British Chemical Plant Manufac

11、turers Association British Compressed Air Society .Admiralty *British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association *British Engineers Association *British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers *British Iron and Steel Federation .British Railways, The British Transport Cornmission .Crown Agents

12、 for Oversea Governments and Administrations Association Central Electricitv Authority and Area Boards D.S.1.R.-Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory Engineering Equipment Users Association Gas Council Institute of Marine Engineers Jnstitute of Petroleum Institution of Civil Engineers Instituti

13、on of Gas Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) +Institution of Production Engineers .Locomotive Manufacturers Association *Machine Tool Trades Association *High Commission of India Min

14、istry of Fuel and Power Ministry of Labour and National Service (Factory Depart ment) *Ministry of Supply Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Ministry of Works National Coal Board *National Physical Laboratory .Radio Industry Council War Office. The organizations marked with an asterisk in the

15、above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard:“ Rright Bolt when this standard was revised in 1951 it was felt that the data for studs were inadequate and that information relating to the threads was also needed. S

16、tuds were accordingly omitted from the revision of B.S. 1083 and it was agreed that they should be the subject of a separate standard. It was of course realized that one standard for studs already existed, namely B.S. 1 171, High duty studs and tapped holes in light alloys . This was published in 19

17、44 as a War Emergency Standard and was intended to apply to a restricted range of studs used for high duty purposes in aero-engine work where the studs are to be inserted in light alloys. In view of its specaiized application it was not considered to afford a suitable basis for a standard for genera

18、l purpose studs, nor was it felt necessary to adhere to the principle of the standard stud and undersize hole specified in B.S. 1171 if it appeared that an oversize stud mated with a standard tapped hole was to be preferred for general use. The committee responsible for the preparation of the presen

19、t standard found that the dificulties were fully as great as had been envisaged. Their aim was to provide for a stud having tolerances which would not render it expensive to manufacture and which could be used in association with standard tapped holes for most purposes. The most urgent need was to p

20、rovide for studs with Unified threads and attention was accordingly concentrated on these, since the principle, if found to be satisfactory, could equally well be applied to Whitworth and B.A. threads. Some difficulty was found in arriving at an appropriate amount of oversize which would not result

21、in the risk of too heavy an interference on the smaller sizes. It was thought that the values which were finally adopted would in general provide a satisfactory fit ; even where inter- ference was not present, locking would take place on the run-out threads and this feature was accordingly closely c

22、ontrolled. A draft was widely circulated to industry for. comment and the comments received suggested that there were irreconcilable differences in stud practice which made it virtually impossible to specify one grade of stud to suit the requirements of the many different types of users. At one end

23、sf the scale there were users who feit that true interference fits were essential for their purpose and at the other were those who con- sidered that the recommended Class 3 tapping was to dose. A B.S. 2693 : 1956 After very full discussion the committee agreed that the most satis- factory solution

24、would be to introduce another grade of stud. By this means, those who required general purpose studs could obtain a satis- factory product at an economic price, while those with more special requirements could also refer to a standard for guidance instead of having to make their own drawings. . Tole

25、rances for the higher grade are still under discussion ; in order, however, to make available the general information relating to overall dimensions, length of thread etc., it has been decided to publish the standard in two parts. Part One relates to the features mentioned above and specifies the li

26、mits and tolerances of threads for genera1 purpose studs. Part Two, which it is hoped will follow shortly, will contain limits and tolerances of threads for studs of the higher grade. . 6 SPECIFICATION SCOPE 1. Part One of this British Standard relates to screwed studs intended for general purposes

27、and having threads with coarse or fine pitches in accord- ance with B.S. 1580, Unified screw threads (UNC or UNF) ; B.S. 84, Screw threads of Whitworth form (B.S.W. or B.S.F.) ; or threads in accordance with B.S. 93, B.A. screw threads. The dimensional requirements of this standard apply both to fer

28、rous and non-ferrous studs, but mechanical properties are given only in respect of steel studs. MATERIAL 2. The steel used for the manuracture of the studs shall be such that the finished products have the mechanical properties which are appropriate to the particular class of stud ordered by the pur

29、chaser, as designated by the code symbol, and as set out in Appendix A. For non-ferrous materials the appropriate British Standard or the required mechanical properties of the stud material should be specified by the purchaser. NOMENCLATURE 3. For the purposes of this standard the nomenclature given

30、 below and the terms illustrated in Fig. I shall apply :- Metal end. The end of the stud which is 11 76 12 1 10 1% 9 1?/4 9 1% 8 1% 8 TABLE 6. STUDS WITH B.S.W. THREADS Limits and Tolerances for the Metal End T T Effective diameter M inor diameter Major diameter “ TOI. - in. 0-0029 0.003 1 0.0032 0.

31、0034 0.0037 0.0038 0.0040 0.0043 0-001 6 0.005 1 0.0053 0.0055 0.0058 hlin. in. 0-2452 0.3073 0-3695 0.4316 0.4937 0.5560 0.6183 0.7428 0-8674 0.9920 1.1 164 1-24 13 1 -4906 Max. “_ in. 0-2206 0-2798 0-3381 0.3952 0.4503 0.5129 0.5708 0.6903 0.8085 0.925 1 1.0388 1.1610 1.3991 - M in. “ in. 0.2177 0

32、.2767 0.3339 0.3918 0.4466 0.509 1 0.5668 06860 0.8039 0-9200 1-0335 1.1585 1.3933 - Max. “ in. O- 1886 0.2442 0.2981 0.3495 0-3969 0-4595 0-5 126 0.6263 0.7374 0-845 1 0.9473 1.0725 12924 - TOI. - in. 0.0055 0.0059 0.0062 0.0067 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0081 0-0086 0.0091 0.0097 0.0098 0.0106 - Min.

33、in. 0.1831 0.2383 0.2919 0-3428 0-3897 0-4521 0.5050 0.6182 0.7288 0.8360 0.9376 1.0627 1-2818 - 7- I. “ l “ i I 14 B.S. 2693 : 19S6 TABLE 7. STUDS WITH B.A. THREADS Limits and Tolerances for the Metal End Designs- tion No. “ 2 4 “ - I Major diameter Effective diameter Minor diameter Pitch .- Max. .

34、“ - mm mm 0.8100 0-6600 3.600 4.700 I .“ - - “ .1 .“ - I I I Toi. 1 Min. I l Min. 1 Max. l mm mm mm 0.120 I 4.580 4.275 Max. 1 TOI. “ “ . _“ . I I I I I . TOI. ! hlin. I i mm I mm 0-170 I 3.620 Approximate inch equivalents. .! -._ “ .“ -. _- - - - - . - . . - . . I . . “ in. in. in. in. in. in. in.

35、in. I in. in. 2 *0*03189 0.1492 0.0067 0.1425 0.0029 0.16% 0.1683 0.1803 0-0017 0.1850 4 :0*02598 0.1128 0.0057 0.1071 0.0027 0.1256 0.1283 0.1378 0-0039 0.1417 i 15 B.S. 2693 : 1?56 . -. I J 1 I .- j c a“) 2E 16 B.S. 2693 : 1956 APPENDIX B TABLE 8. LIMITS AND TOLERANCES FOR B.A. NUTS, EXTRACTED FRO

36、M B.S. 93, 1919 Designa- tion NO. Pitch mm 2 0.6600 4 0.8100 Major diameter Min. mm 4*700 3-600 r Max. Approximate inch equivalents. 2 4 - in. 00318 9 00259 8 in. 0.1850 0.1417 - Effective diameter I Minor diameter t I TOI. TOI. i Min. Max. Min. I mm mm mm mm mm 0.085 0.100 , 2.810 2.910 3.205 0.075

37、 3.730 0.120 3.850 4.215 .I I in. I in. i in. in. in. 0.1693 0.1106 04040 0.1146 0.1262 0.0029 0.1291 0.1468 0.0048 0.1516 0.0034 0.1659 BRITISH STANDARDS The following are available on application :- YEARBOOK Including subject index and numerical list of Brit ish Standards SECTIONAL LISTS. Gratis A

38、coustics Aircraft materials and components Building materials and components Chemical engineering Chemicals, fats, oils, scientific apparatus, etc. Cinematography and photography Coal, coke and colliery requisites Codes of Practice for buildings Consumer goods Drawing practice Electrical engineering

39、 Farming, dairying and allied interests Gas and solid fuel Glassware including scientific apparatus Hospital equipment lllumination and lighting fittings Iron and Steel Mechanical ensheering Nomenclature, symbols and abbreviations Non-ferrous metls PackaSing and containers Paints, varnishes, paint m

40、aterials and colours for paints Personal safety equipment Petroleum industry Plastics Printing, paper and stationery Road engineering Rubber Shipbuildinq Textiles ani clothinq Universal decimal ciassification Welding Applicariorls should be addressed to :- BRITlSH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Sales Branch

41、Teiephone : Mayfair 9000 2 PARK STREET, LONDON, W.l bo BS 2693 : Fart 1 : 1956 Screwed studs Part 8. General purpose studs Obsolescence Thus standard should be endorsed: OBSOLESCENT (see Amendment Slip No. 3). Foreword. Insert the following new paragraph: in accordance with BSI policy concerning the

42、 introduction of metric standards, this imperial standard has been deciarcd obsolescent. It will be nradc obsolete in due coursc. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION I The British Standards Institution was founded in 1901 and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1929. The principal objects of the Institution

43、as set out in the charter are to Co-ordinate the efforts of producers and users for the improvement, standardization and simplification of engineering and industrial materials ; to simplify production and distribution ; to eliminate the waste of time and material involved in the pro- duction of an u

44、nnecessary variety of patterns and sizes of articles for one and the same purpose; to set up . standards of quality and dimensions, and to promote the general adoption of British Standards. In carrying out its work the Institution endeavours to ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints. * Bef

45、ore embarking on any project it must be satisfied that there is a strong body of opinion in favour of proceeding and that there is a recognized need to be met. The Institution is a non-profit-making concern. It is financed by subscriptions from firms, trade asso- ciations, professional institutions

46、and other bodies interested in its work, by a Government grant and by the sale of its publications. The demands on the services of the Institution are steadily increasing and can only be met if continuing and increased financial support is provided. I Membership of the Institution is open to British subjects, companies, technical and trade associations, and local and public authorities.