AWWA M19-2018 Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities (Fifth Edition).pdf

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1、 Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities Manual of Water Supply Practices M19 Fifth Edition Ideal crop marks Ideal crop marks 1P 5C 30019-5E (5/18) www.awwa.org Dedicated to the worlds most important resource, AWWA sets the standard for water knowledge, management, and informed public

2、policy. AWWA members provide solutions to improve public health, protect the environment, strengthen the economy, and enhance our quality of life. M19 D isruptions in water quality and delivery can result from emergencies such as natural disasters, accidents, or intentional acts. Regardless of their

3、 size and location, utilities should prepare for emergencies before they occur and be able to quickly restore water services. AWWA Manual M19 presents an all-hazards approach for principles, practices, and guide- lines in water utility emergency planning. It covers all areas of emergency preparednes

4、s, including plan development, mutual aid partnerships, communication strategies, staff preparedness, and risk mitigation. The fifth edition has been significantly updated to include recent changes within the industry. Several new case studies based on recent emergency situations have been added. Ad

5、ditionally, Manual M19 highlights key resources that can provide more in-depth processes and procedures. M19 Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities, Fifth EditionManual of Water Supply Practices Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities Fifth Edition M19 Copyright 2018 Ame

6、rican Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. If you are interested in using any part of this publication for training, creating a derivative work, or for any commercial use, written permission from AWWA is required. Please send your request to permissionsawwa.org. Manual of Water Supply Pract

7、ices M19, Fifth Edition Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities Copyright 1999, 2006, 2018 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including scanning, recor

8、ding, or any information or retrieval system. Reproduction and commercial use of this material is prohibited, except with written permission from the publisher. Disclaimer The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the content or any consequenc

9、es of their use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of l

10、ost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book. Managing Editor: Melissa Valentine Sr. Specialist, AWWA Manuals: Sue Bach Cover Design: Melanie Yamamoto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gay, Stephen D., author. | Borman, S

11、cott D., author. | American Water Works Association, issuing body. Title: M19 emergency planning for water utilities / by Stephen D. Gay and Scott D. Borman. Other titles: Emergency planning for water utilities | AWWA manual ; M19. Description: Fifth edition. | Denver, CO: American Water Works Assoc

12、iation, 2018 | Series: AWWA manual ; M19 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2018014152 | ISBN 9781625762795 Subjects: LCSH: Waterworks-Management. | Emergency management. | Emergency water supply. Classification: LCC TD487 .G39 2018 | DDC 363.6/10684-dc23 LC record available at

13、 https:/lccn.loc.gov/2018014152 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-62576-279-5 eISBN 978-1-61300-460-9 American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 awwa.org Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii AWWA Manual M19 Con

14、tents List of Figures, v List of Tables, vii Preface, ix Acknowledgments, xi Chapter 1 Preparedness Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Developing an Explicit Organizational Commitment to Emergency Preparedness, 2 Developing the Prepared

15、ness Culture, 3 Supporting the Preparedness Culture with Tools and Tactics, 4 Evaluating the “Strength” of the Preparedness Culture, 5 References and Supplemental Readings, 5 Chapter 2 Risk and Resilience Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 What is a Ris

16、k and Resilience Assessment?, 7 Goals of a Risk and Resilience Assessment, 8 Managing a Risk and Resilience Assessment, 8 Conducting a Risk and Resilience Assessment, 8 Threat Considerations, 9 Acceptable Levels of Service for a System, 21 Conclusions, 22 References and Supplemental Readings, 23 Cha

17、pter 3 Developing an Emergency Response Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Importance of a Utility Preparedness Program, 26 Overview of Types of Preparedness Plans, 26 How to Develop an ERP, 27 Components of an ERP, 29 Incorporating the NIMS and the ICS into an ERP, 33 ERP Mai

18、ntenance, 35 References and Supplemental Readings, 36 Chapter 4 Mutual Aid and Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Identify Key Partnerships, 37 Establish Collaborative Partnerships, 38 Mutual Aid, 39 Mutual Aid in the Water Sector, 39 Mutual Aid

19、Coordination with Local and State Emergency Management, 41 WARN Operational Plans, 42 WARN Exercises, 43 Local WARN Incident Responses, 44 Conclusions, 46 References and Supplemental Readings, 46 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iv AWWA Manual M19 EMERGENCY PLANN

20、ING FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER UTILITIES Chapter 5 Internal and External Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 General Crisis Communications Planning Guidance, 49 Internal Communications with Employees, 52 Communicating with Emergency Response Agencies and Local Gove

21、rnment Agencies, 52 Communicating with Customers and the Public at Large, 53 Understanding the Traditional Media, 57 Using Social Media, 59 Communicating with Regulatory Agencies, 61 Maintaining Contact Information, 62 Conclusions, 62 References and Supplemental Readings, 63 Chapter 6 Training and E

22、xercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Training and Exercise Matrix, 65 Initial and Refresher Training, 67 Training Sources and Methods, 69 Conducting Exercises, 70 Documentation, 76 Conclusions, 76 References and Supplemental Readings, 76 Ch

23、apter 7 Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 What is Mitigation?, 77 Hazard Mitigation, 78 FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grant Program, 80 Hazard Mitigation Actions for Utilities, 80 References and Supplemental R

24、eadings, 91 Appendix A Additional Resources for Emergency Preparedness and Response . . . .93 Appendix B Emergency Response Plan Crosswalk for Plan Review Foreword Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Appendix C Federal Policies Tha

25、t Support Preparedness Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Glossary, 107 Acronyms, 109 Index, 111 AWWA Manuals, 117 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. v AWWA Manual M19 Figures 1-1 The Preparedness Culture cycle, 2 2-1 Risk assessment process as described in AN

26、SI/AWWA J100, 9 2-2 Seismic hazard map of the United States, 11 2-3A LandersBig Bear earthquake fault offset, 12 2-3B LandersBig Bear earthquake pipe broken in the fault offset, 12 2-4 Seismic forces on water storage tank, 13 2-5A Ground crack resulting from lateral spreading in Kobe, Japan in 1995,

27、 14 2-5B Ductile-iron joint pulled apart due to lateral spreading, 14 2-6 Flooded K.R. Harrington Water Treatment Plant in Nashville, 17 2-7 Flooding at the Nashville Omohundro Water Treatment Plant, 18 2-8 Water utility interdependencies with other infrastructure systems, 22 3-1 Interconnection of

28、various preparedness plans, 26 3-2 ICS diagram, 33 4-1 Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network program map (as of November 2015), 40 4-2 Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network coordination with local, state, and federal emergency management, 42 5-1 Communication facilitates resource requests, 61

29、5-2 Communication improves regulatory agency support of program operations, 62 6-1 Example of an emergency preparedness training matrix, 66 6-2 Example of a multiyear training and exercise plan, 68 6-3 Emergency preparedness training plan model, 69 6-4 Discussion-based and operations-based exercises

30、, 71 6-5 Exercise program management, 75 7-1 Collapsed spring-vibration isolator supporting an emergency generator in Whittier, California, 85 7-2 Mitigation option for water storage tanks, 88 7-3 Mitigation options for pipelines at fault crossings, 89 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association

31、. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vii AWWA Manual M19 Tables 2-1 Example disaster effects matrix, 10 3-1 Types of preparedness plans, 27 6-1 Training methods and their general parameters, 70 C-1 Policies and le

32、gislations that support preparedness planning, 102 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. Preface M19 Water and wastewater utilities, hereafter referred to as the utili

33、ty, are responsible for providing adequate supplies of safe drinking water and for reliably collecting and treating wastewater. This manual addresses best practices for the prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery of utility operations during critical incidents and is intended for use by utili

34、ties of any size. The subject of this manual is closely tied with the AWWA management standards ANSI/AWWA G430, Security Practices for Operation Management; ANSI/ AWWA G440, Emergency Preparedness Practices; and ANSI/AWWA J100, Risk and Resilience Management of Water and Wastewater Systems. This man

35、ual provides the reader with useful information and resources for satisfying the requirements set forth in the standards and related resources. Where applicable, the requirements of these standards are referenced in text box. This fifth edition of AWWA Manual M19, Emergency Planning for Water and Wa

36、stewater Utilities, has been updated to align with current emergency planning best practices. Throughout the manual, the reader will find references to resources designed to support risk assessments as well as to develop mutual aid opportunities and mitigation activities. This manual comprises the f

37、ollowing chapters that discuss proven methodologies and best practices used by water utilities in emergency planning: Chapter 1, Preparedness Culture, discusses how a preparedness culture increases the effectiveness of utility response to incidents as well as best practices for developing and promot

38、ing this response. Chapter 2, Risk and Resilience Assessment, describes how water utility leaders can better understand risks to their mission and critical assets, how this assessment supports emergency planning by identifying and prioritizing utility-specific risks, and how to identify investments

39、that can pay the greatest dividends during and after an incident. Chapter 3, Developing an Emergency Response Plan, discusses the basic principles and elements of a preparedness plan, and highlights plan development, emergency procedures, organizational use of an incident command system, and mainten

40、ance. Chapter 4, Mutual Aid and Partnerships, discusses the value in developing partnerships between utilities and other organizations and describes in detail the Water/ Wastewater Agency Response Network (WARN), which provides mutual aid and assistance. Chapter 5, Internal and External Communicatio

41、ns, discusses the various modes and messages of communication with stakeholders that are critical to utility emergency response. Chapter 6, Training and Exercises, describes how utility personnel can practice preparing for and responding to incidents to build skills that will minimize losses and exp

42、edite recovery. Chapter 7, Mitigation, describes how to increase a utility s resilience and preparedness through risk-management activities including hazard mitigation. ix AWWA Manual M19 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intentionally blank. Copyright 2

43、018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. AcknowledgmentsThe AWWA M19 Emergency Planning for Water Utilities Manual Subcommittee, which developed this manual, had the following personnel at the time: Stephen D. Gay, Chair S. Bach, Staff Advisor, AWWA, Denver, Colo. D.S. Borman, Bent

44、on/Washington Regional Public Works Authority, Rogers, Ark. R. Bova, Suffolk County Water Authority, Oakdale, N.Y. J. Cassidy, Critical Situation Management Inc., Marysville, Pa. J. Crisologo, California Department of Public Health, Glendale, Calif. S.A. Dennis, Alameda County Water District, Fremon

45、t, Calif. D. Flancher, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. S.D. Gay, City of Westminster, Westminster, Colo. M.F. Goddard, Seattle Public Utilities, Seattle, Wash. D. Goldbloom-Helzner, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. C. Grieves, Baxter & Woodman Inc., Crystal Lake,

46、Ill. M. Howe, Executive Director/Secretary Treasurer, Texas AWWA, Austin, Texas J.L. Ignatowski, Ignatowski Environmental Engineering Consultant, Vienna, Va. B. Kerr, Kerr & Associates Consulting, Victoria, B.C., Canada H. Klein, Garden State Laboratories Inc., Hillside, N.J. J. W. McLaughlin, Merri

47、ck & Company, Charlotte, N.C. V . Morello, Broward County Water and Wastewater Services, Pompano Beach, Fla. K. Morley, Manager Federal Relations, AWWA, Washington, D.C. J.W. Moyer, AECOM, Morrisville, N.C. S. Neumeister, Southeastern Technical Solutions, Port Saint Lucie, Fla. K. Novick, Gradient P

48、lanning, LLC, Middletown, Conn. J.W. Porco, Michael Baker Corporation, Pagosa Springs, Colo. K. Raman, KUV Consultants, LLC, Phoenix, Ariz. R.A. Riordan, City of San Ramon and CH2M, San Ramon, Calif. L.P . Warren, Launch! Consulting, Charlottesville, Va. J. Whitler, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Co

49、lo. R. Wilson, CSC, Darien, Conn. xi AWWA Manual M19 Copyright 2018 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. xii AWWA Manual M19 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER UTILITIES xii This manual was also reviewed and approved by the AWWA Standards Council and the Standards Committee on Emergency Preparedness Practices. The Standards Committee on Emergency Preparedness Practices had the following personnel at the time of approval: D. Scott Borman, Chair General Interest Members T.P . Allman, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Misawa, Jap