ASTM F2626-2012 Standard Terminology for Light Sport Aircraft《轻型运动航空器的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2626 07 F2626 12Standard Terminology forLight Sport Aircraft1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of terms and concepts related to light sport aircraft. It is intended to ensure theconsistent use of terminolo

3、gy throughout all F37 documents.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2241 Specification for Continued Airworthiness System for Powered Parachute AircraftF2242 Specification for Production Acceptance Testing System for Powered Parachute AircraftF2243 Specification for Required Product Informat

4、ion to be Provided with Powered Parachute AircraftF2244 Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Powered Parachute AircraftF2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport AirplaneF2279 Practice for Quality Assurance in the Manufacture of Fixed Wing Light Sport Aircra

5、ftF2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of a Light Sport AircraftF2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency ParachutesF2317/F2317M Specification for Design of Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF2352 Specification for Design and Performance of Light Sport Gyroplane AircraftF2354 Speci

6、fication for Continued Airworthiness System for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF2355 Specification for Design and Performance Requirements for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF2356 Specification for Production Acceptance Testing System for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF2415 Practi

7、ce for Continued Airworthiness System for Light Sport Gyroplane AircraftF2425 Specification for Continued Airworthiness System for Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF2426 Guide on Wing Interface Documentation for Powered Parachute AircraftF2427 Specification for Required Product Information to be Provide

8、d with Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF2449 Specification for Manufacturer Quality Assurance Program for Light Sport Gyroplane AircraftF2457 Specification for Required Product Information to be Provided withWeight-Shift-Control AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Main

9、tenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Fixed-Pitch or Ground Adjustable Light Sport Aircraft PropellersF2507 Specification for Recreational Airpark DesignF2563 Practice for Kit Assembly Instructions of Aircraft Intended Primarily for RecreationF2564 Spe

10、cification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Glider3. Terminologyaircraft makename assigned to the aircraft by the aircraft manufacturer when each aircraft was produced.aircraft modelaircraft manufacturers designation for an aircraft grouping with similar design or style of structure.airpo

11、rt elevationhighest point on an airports usable runway. F2507airshipengine-driven lighter-than-air aircraft that can be steered. F2354, F2356, F24271 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.91 on Te

12、rminology.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published March 2007December 2012. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2626 07. DOI: 10.1520/F2626-07.10.1520/F2626-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact A

13、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been ma

14、de to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Cop

15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1airshipengine-driven lighter-than-air aircraft that can be steered, and that sustains flight through the use of either gas buoyancyor an airborne heater, or both. F2355annual condition insp

16、ectiondetailed inspection accomplished once a year on a LSA in accordance with instructions providedin the maintenance manual supplied with the aircraft. The purpose of the inspection is to look for any wear, corrosion, or damagethat would cause an aircraft to not be in a condition for safe operatio

17、n. F2483AOIaircraft operating instructions F2279, F2317/F2317M, F2352, F2425, F2427, F2449, F2457, F2564A for example, United States Federal Aviation Administration. F2507CLlift coefficient of the aircraft F2245, F2564Cmmoment coefficient (Cm is with respect to c/4 point, positive nose up) F2245, F2

18、564cmcentimetre F2317/F2317MCMOzero lift moment coefficient F2245, F2564Cnnormal coefficient F2245, F2564CNnormal force coefficient F2352consumerany person who follows the instructions covered by this practice to assemble the kit. F2563daNdeca Newton F2317/F2317MF2626 122design and performance speci

19、ficationused herein to refer to Specifications F2245 and F2564. F2279design maximum aircraft weight, n aircraft design maximum weight WMAX shall be the sum of WWING + WSUSP.F2317/F2317Mdesign maximum trike carriage weight, ndesign maximum trike carriage weight, Wsusp, shall be established so that it

20、 is: (1)highest trike carriage weight at which compliance with each applicable structural loading condition and each applicable flightrequirement is shown, and (2) not less than the empty trike carriage weight, Wtkmt, plus a weight of occupant(s) of 86.0 kg (189.6lb) for a single-seat aircraft or 15

21、0 kg (330.8 lb) for a two-seat aircraft, plus the lesser of full usable fuel or fuel weight equalto 1-h burn at economical cruise at maximum gross weight. F2317/F2317Mdesign useful loadload (other than structure, engine, enclosure, and systems) that a lighter-than-air aircraft can carry whileachievi

22、ng the design defining performance requirements. F2355FFahrenheit F2317/F2317MFAAUnited States Federal Aviation Administration. F2483factor of safety, nmultiplier of limit load to determine design ultimate load. F2352fire proof, adjcapable of withstanding for a period of at least 15 min the applicat

23、ion of heat by the standard flame. F2352fire resistant, adjcapable of withstanding for a period of at least 5 min of heat by standard flame. F2352fixed pitch propeller, na propeller with no capacity for pitch setting adjustment. F2506flapsany movable high lift device. F2245, F2564FPMfeet per minute

24、F2245FTSflight training supplement F2457gacceleration as a result of gravity = 32.2 ft/s2 F2245gacceleration as a result of gravity = 9.81 m/s2 F2564gross weight, ntotal aircraft system weight at takeoff. This weight includes anything and everything that is on or a part of thepowered parachute aircr

25、aft, including, but not limited to, the wing, risers, fuselage, seats, engine, instruments, wheels, fuel, oil,water, pilot, passenger, clothing, and so forth. F2244gross weighttotal aircraft system weight(s) at takeoff. The weight limits must be established so that it is: (1) the designedmaximum wei

26、ght at which compliance with each applicable structural loading condition is demonstrated, or (2) the highestweight at which compliance at each applicable flight requirement is demonstrated. F2355ground adjustable propeller, na propeller whose pitch setting is adjustable only when the aircraft is on

27、 the ground and thepropeller is not rotating. F2506heavy maintenanceany maintenance, inspection, repair, or alteration a manufacturer has designated that requires specializedtraining, equipment, or facilities. F2483Hgmercury F2317/F2317Mhub, nany device that retains the blades of a propeller assembl

28、y. F2506IASindicated air speed F2317/F2317M, F2352IASindicated air speed (fps, kts, mph) F2245IASindicated air speed (m/s, kts) F2564ICAOInternational Aviation Organization F2245, F2352, F2564in.inch F2317/F2317MISAinternational standard atmosphere F2317/F2317MKAIkit assembly instructions F2563kgkil

29、ogram F2317/F2317Mkt(s)nautical mile per hour (knot) (1 nautical mph = (1852/3600) m/s) F2317/F2317Mlbpound (1 lb = 0.4539 kg) F2317/F2317MF2626 123lighter-than-air aircraftaircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that isdisplaced by the gas.DISCU

30、SSIONAirships may include dynamic lift that derive as much as 30 % lift from other than buoyancy. F2354, F2355, F2356, F2427light sport gyroplane, npowered rotorcraft designed in accordance with Specification F2352. F2415limit load, nmaximum expected static load on a component. F2352line maintenance

31、any repair, maintenance, scheduled checks, servicing, inspections, or alterations not considered heavymaintenance that is approved by the manufacturer and is specified in the manufacturers maintenance manual. F2483LSAlight sport aircraft F2245, F2352, F2564LSA (light sport aircraft)used herein to re

32、fer to both LSA airplanes and LSA gliders. F2295LSA (light sport aircraft)used herein to refer to both LSA airplanes and LSA gliders, including kits. F2279LSA (light sport aircraft)aircraft designed in accordance with ASTM standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F37 LightSport Aircraft, for ex

33、ample, Specification F2244 for powered parachutes, Specification F2245 for airplanes, and SpecificationF2352 for gyroplanes. F2483LSA airplane (light sport aircraft airplane)powered aircraft designed in accordance with Specification F2245 that ismanufactured and delivered ready to fly. F2279, F2295L

34、SA glider (light sport aircraft glider) aircraft designed in accordance with Specification F2564 that is manufactured anddelivered ready to fly. F2279, F2295LSA kit (light sport aircraft kit)aircraft designed in accordance with Specifications F2245 or F2564 that is manufactured anddelivered as a kit

35、. F2279LSA repairman inspectionU.S. FAA-certificated repairman (light sport aircraft) with an inspection rating as defined by 14 CFRPart 65, authorized to perform the annual condition inspection on experimental light sport aircraft, or an equivalent rating issuedby other civil aviation authorities.D

36、ISCUSSIONExperimental LSA do not require the individual performing maintenance to hold any FAA airman certificate in the U.S. F2483LSA repairman maintenanceU.S. FAA-certificated repairman (light sport aircraft) with a maintenance rating as defined by 14CFR Part 65, authorized to perform line mainten

37、ance on aircraft certificated as special LSA aircraft. Authorized to perform theannual condition/100-h inspection on an LSA, or an equivalent rating issued by other civil aviation authorities. F2483LSG (light sport gyroplane)used in this specification to refer to both light sport gyroplanes and gyro

38、plane kits. F2449LSGA (light sport gyroplane aircraft) rotary-wing aircraft designed in accordance with Specification F2352 that ismanufactured and delivered ready to fly. F2449LSG kit (light sport gyroplane kit)complete or gyroplane or gyroplane accessory designed in accordance with SpecificationF2

39、352 that is manufactured and delivered as a kit. F2449mmetre F2317/F2317MMACmean aerodynamic chord F2245maintenance manual(s)manual provided by an LSA manufacturer or supplier that specifies all maintenance, repairs, andalterations authorized by the manufacturer. F2483major repair, alteration, or ma

40、intenance any repair, alteration, or maintenance for which instructions to complete the taskexcluded from the maintenance manual(s) supplied to the consumer are considered major. F2483manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of a LSA. F2279, F2295manufacturerany entity engaged in the product

41、ion of an LSA or component used on an LSA. F2483manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of a LSG. F2449manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of a light sport gyroplane aircraft or light sport gyroplane aircraft kit. F2415F2626 124maximum empty weight, WE (kg)largest empty weight

42、of the glider, including all operational equipment that is installed in theglider: weight of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed ballast, full engine coolantand oil, hydraulic fluid, and the unusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equals maximu

43、m takeoff weight minusminimum useful load: WE = W WU. F2564maximum empty weight, WE (lb)largest empty weight of the airplane, including all operational equipment that is installed inthe airplane: weight of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed ballast,

44、full enginecoolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, and the unusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equals maximum takeoff weightminus minimum useful load: WE = W WU. F2245maximum takeoff weightgross weight limit as defined by the manufacturer, proven through compliance with this specificationand pl

45、acarded on the aircraft as the not-to-exceed gross weight. F2244, F2355mbmillibars F2317/F2317MMGWmaximum gross weight F2352minimum useful load, WU (kg)where WU = W WE. F2564minimum useful load, WU (lb)where WU = W WE. F2245minor repair, alteration, or maintenance any repair, alteration, or maintena

46、nce for which instructions provided for in themaintenance manual(s) supplied to the consumer of the product are considered minor. F2483MIPmaintenance and inspection procedures F2457MPRSminimum power required airspeed F2352MRBMaterials Review Board F2449nload factor F2245, F2564NNewton F2317/F2317Mn1

47、airplane positive maneuvering limit load factor F2245n1glider positive maneuvering limit load factor at VA F2564n2airplane negative maneuvering limit load factor F2245n2glider positive maneuvering limit load factor at VD F2564n3load factor on wheels F2245n3glider negative maneuvering limit load fact

48、or at VA F2564n4glider negative maneuvering limit load factor at VD F2564NFPANational Fire Protection Association. F2507nighthours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.DISCUSSIONCivil twilight ends in the evening when the center of the suns disc is 6

49、degrees below the horizon, and begins in the morning when the center of thesuns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon. F2245operationprocess or action that is part of a series in the assembly of a kit. It is identified by the kit producer as a means topartition the aircraft assembly task into subgroups of tasks or processes that allow the consumer to track progress or completionof portions of the kit in an orderly manner. F2563overhaulmaintenance, inspection, repair, or