ASTM F2530-2011 Standard Specification for Protective Headgear with Faceguard Used in Bull Riding《骑牛用带面罩的防护头盔标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2530 11An American National StandardStandard Specification forProtective Headgear with Faceguard Used in Bull Riding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2530; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONBull riding is a sport with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized that it is not possible to write ap

3、rotective headgear with faceguard standard specification that will result in headgear with faceguardsthat can protect against injury or death in all accidents. Because of complex interactions of variablessuch as bull motion, bull size and weight, rider size, direction and point of impact, and indivi

4、dualdifferences in reaction to impact forces, it must be kept in mind that injuries are still possible. It is alsorecognized that serious injury or death can result from both low-energy and high-energy impacts, evenwhen protective headgear with faceguard is worn. It is further recognized that protec

5、tive headgearwith faceguards must be acceptable to the user and to the regulating associations or agencies requiringits use.In bull riding, where the force of impact between the bull and the face of the rider can cause headand facial injury, there is a need for both head and facial protection. After

6、 careful consideration of themechanisms and forces involved in this context, this standard specification for headgear withfaceguards has been prepared, using resources in medical, scientific, mechanical engineering, humanfactors, and biomechanical fields.This specification is a series of laboratory

7、tests of the protective headgear with faceguard. Theheadgear testing measures its ability to reduce head acceleration when impacting various shapedobjects. The faceguard testing checks its ability to limit contact with the user face to reduce thepotential for facial injuries.This specification incor

8、porates many aspects of other recognized headgear standard specifications.Other intentions that were not amenable to testing or inspection are offered as guidelines:(1) The chin strap should be attached in a manner to enable the headgear with faceguard to remainin its normal position on the wearers

9、head during bull riding and impact conditions;(2) The physical characteristics of materials used in construction of the headgear with faceguardshould retain their shock-absorbing characteristics under the influence of aging, use, or exposure totypical environmental conditions;(3) The faceguard shoul

10、d not significantly interfere with the vision of the wearer; and(4) In the event of injury, the headgear with faceguard should be removable without causingmovement to the cervical spine. The access provided shall be sufficient for the administration ofcardiopulmonary resuscitation to the wearer.1. S

11、cope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements anddescribes test methods for protective headgear with faceguardsfor use in bull riding.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein.1.3 Partial utilization of

12、 this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the headgear with faceguard meets all of therequirements of the specification in their entirety. A headgearwith faceguard that fails to meet any one of the requirements ofthis specifica

13、tion is considered to have failed the specification,and shall not be sold with any indication that it meets parts ofthe specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadge

14、ar and Helmets.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2530 05. DOI:10.1520/F2530-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.4 Headg

15、ear with faceguards designed to comply with thisand other standards may proclaim uses as certified by themanufacturer.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres

16、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1163 Specification for Protective Headgear Used in HorseSports and Horseback RidingF1446

17、Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgearF2220 Specification for Headforms2.2 CSA Document:3CSA Z262.6 Specification for facially featured headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions as identified in Test Methods F1446.3.2 Definition

18、 of Term Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 simulated horna rigid metal rod that is a conserva-tive representation of a bulls horn.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliableand repeatable test methods for the evaluation of headgear withfaceguards for bull riding

19、. Headgear with faceguards satisfyingthis specification are intended to reduce forces reaching thehead in some of the impacts that may occur in bull riding andto limit contact with the facial features of the rider.5. Certification5.1 This specification permits self-certification. It is recom-mended

20、that each manufacturer employ an independent testlaboratory at least annually to test each model and size ofheadgear with faceguard offered for sale.6. Apparatus6.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordancewith Test Methods F1446 except as noted below.6.2 Reference or Full-Facial Headfo

21、rm to be used shall beas specified in:6.2.1 The section on Other (Reference) Headforms of Speci-fication F2220.6.2.2 Full-facial headforms of CSA Z262.6.46.3 Simulated HornA rigid steel rod representative of abulls horn, Fig. 1. The end of the rod is 30.4 mm (1.20 in.) indiameter, flat, and perpendi

22、cular to the axis of the rod with a 2mm (0.08 in.) radius round. There is a 5 taper along the lengthof the rod with the diameter increasing. The overall length ofthe rod shall be at least 15 cm (6.0 in.) long. The hardness ofthe rod shall be Brinell Hardness 200 or greater.6.4 Simulated Horn Striker

23、A5 kg (11 lb) striker asidentified in the chin bar rigidity test of Test Methods F14462For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary

24、 page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.4The sole source of supply of the headforms known to the committee at this timeis Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, O

25、NL4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Simulated HornF2530 112t

26、hat has been modified by attaching the simulated horn to theimpact face of the striker. The longitudinal axis of thesimulated horn shall be perpendicular to the face of the striker.TEST METHODS7. Number of Samples7.1 A minimum of four headgear with faceguards arerequired for testing for each shell/l

27、iner combination. Damageto the faceguard and its attachment to the headgear may occurduring testing. This damage is not considered a failure unlessthe performance criteria are not met.7.2 Headgear with faceguard shall be tested complete, in thecondition as offered for sale. The headgear with facegua

28、rd mustsatisfy all requirements of this specification with or withoutany included attachments.8. Selection of Headform8.1 The appropriate size headform shall be selected basedon the headform size selection terminology of Test MethodsF1446 for the headgear with faceguard to be tested.9. Reference Mar

29、king9.1 Marking the test line shall be in accordance with theReference Marking requirements of Test Methods F1446.9.2 Mark the test line on the headgear as shown in Fig. 2.9.3 Mark the no contact area on the reference or full-facialheadform as identified in Fig. 3. Indicator paste shall be appliedto

30、 the no contact area of the headform used. The thickness ofthe indicator paste shall be no greater than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.).10. Headgear with Faceguard Inspection10.1 The configuration requirements of the section on Con-figuration of Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.10.1.1 Ventilation ports are al

31、lowed, as long as all otherrequirements of this specification are satisfied.10.1.2 Physical intrusion testing is based on use of thesimulated horn. Physical intrusion testing shall be performed atany point on the headgear with faceguard. Mount and adjustthe headgear with faceguard on the appropriate

32、ly sized refer-ence or full-facial headform in accordance with the instructionsprovided by the manufacturer. An attempt shall be made toenter the simulated horn, in all possible orientations, into allopenings of the headgear with faceguard. The simulated hornshall be placed on the surface of the hea

33、dgear with faceguardand a static force of 5 kg (11 lb) applied along the length of thesimulated horn. The end of the simulated horn shall not intrudesuch that it contacts the no contact area nor the headform abovethe test line on the reference or full-facial headform.10.2 The materials requirements

34、of the section on Materialsof Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.10.3 Labeling Requirements:10.3.1 Headgear shall contain labels that satisfy the labelingrequirements of Test Methods F1446.10.3.2 In addition, one of the interior labels of the headgearshall have the words “For the use in the Sport

35、 of Bull Riding.”10.3.3 Warning that the headgear with faceguard should notbe worn before the user has carefully read the included fittingand care instructions.10.3.4 Warning that the headgear with faceguard should befitted prior to use.10.3.5 Any other warnings, cautions, or instructions desiredby

36、the manufacturer should be included with the headgear.10.4 The projections requirements in Test Methods F1446shall be satisfied.10.5 The peripheral vision requirements in Test MethodsF1446 shall be satisfied. The headgear shall provide peripheralvision clearance of at least 105 to each side of the m

37、idsagittalplane when the headgear on the reference headform in accor-dance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Notethat the peripheral vision requirements are applicable to theheadgear without the faceguard attached.11. Conditioning11.1 One sample of the headgear with faceguard shall

38、 beconditioned in each of the ambient, low temperature, hightemperature, and water immersion conditions identified in thesection on Conditioning Environments of Test Methods F1446prior to subsequent testing.12. Order of Testing12.1 Determination of compliance with this standard speci-fication will b

39、e performed in the following sequence. Testing ofa headgear with faceguard combination shall include retentionsystem testing, headgear impact testing, and faceguard testing.FIG. 2 Headform Basic Data and Test LineF2530 11313. Retention System Testing13.1 Positional Stability Testing:13.1.1 The ambie

40、nt headgear with faceguard shall be sub-jected to the positional stability testing in accordance with thesection on Roll-Off of Test Methods F1446.13.1.2 The sliding drop mass shall be 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) with adrop height of 0.6 m (23.6 in.).13.1.3 The headgear with faceguard must remain intact andrema

41、in on the headform.13.1.4 The faceguard shall not impact the chin or neck ofthe headform. Indicator paste shall be applied to these regionsof the headform used. The thickness of the indicator paste shallbe no greater than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). Contact shall be deter-mined by the presence of indicator pa

42、ste on the headgear orfaceguard on indentation of the indicator paste on the head-form.13.2 Dynamic Strength Retention Test:13.2.1 The ambient, hot, cold, and water immersed head-gear with faceguards shall be subjected to the dynamic loadingtest in accordance with the Dynamic Strength Retention Test

43、 ofTest Methods F1446.13.2.2 The sliding drop mass shall be 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) with adrop height of 0.6 m (23.6 in.).13.2.3 The retention system shall remain intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm (1.18 in.).14. Headgear Impact Testing14.1 The impact testing shall be performed before thefaceguard tes

44、ting.14.2 All impact testing shall be carried out in accordancewith the section on ImpactAttenuation of Test Methods F1446.14.3 The flat anvil as specified in the section on ImpactAnvils of Test Methods F1446 and section on EquestrianHazard Anvil as described in Specification F1163 shall be usedfor

45、impact tests.14.4 The ambient, hot, cold, and water immersed samplesshall be given two flat anvil impacts and two equestrian hazardanvil impacts in any sequence. Impact sites may be anywhereon or above the test line. Impacts with the flat anvil shall bemade centered on or above the test line. Impact

46、s with theequestrian hazard anvil shall be made such that no part of thetop ridge of the anvil extends below the test line prior toimpact. A distance not less than 75 mm (3.0 in.) shall separateimpact centers.14.4.1 The headgear shall be dropped onto the flat anvil atan impact velocity of 6.0 m/s 6

47、3 % (19.7 ft/s) correspondingto the theoretical drop height of 1.8 m (71 in.).14.4.2 The headgear shall be dropped onto the equestrianhazard anvil at an impact velocity of 5.0 m/s 6 3 % (16.4 ft/s)corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.3 m (51 in.).14.5 The peak acceleration of any impact s

48、hall not exceed300 g.15. Faceguard Testing15.1 All faceguard testing shall be carried out in accordancewith the section on Chin Bar Rigidity Test of Test MethodsF1446 with the exceptions noted below.15.2 A reference or full-facial headform shall be used.15.3 The orientation of the headform shall be

49、such that thebasic plane of the headform in parallel to the drop axis.Dimension (mm)Facially Featured Headform(according to CSA Z262.6)ABCDEFAdult (90th Percentile) 51 17 28 18 37 70Adult (50th Percentile) 48 16 25 17 36 68Juvenile 66 0 28 0 37 60Child 55 0 23 0 35 55FIG. 3 No Contact Area on HeadformF2530 11415.4 The headgear with faceguard shall be attached to thereference or full-facial headform based on instructions pro-vided by the manufacturer.15.5 The ambient, hot, cold, and water immersed face-guards shall be impacted a total of three times with the 5 kg (11lb)