ASTM F436-2007 Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers《硬化钢垫圈的标准规范》.pdf
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1、Designation: F 436 07Standard Specification forHardened Steel Washers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for usewith fasteners having nominal thread diamete
3、rs of14 through4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechani-cal and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and otherinternally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers aresuitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A 325,A 354, A 449, and A 490.1.2 The washers
4、are designated by type denoting the mate-rial and by style denoting the shape.1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:1.2.1.1 Type 1Carbon steel.1.2.1.2 Type 3Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosionresistance and weathering characteristics are comparable tothat of steels covered in Specifications A 5
5、88/A 588M andA 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of thesesteels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with orwithout copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed tothe atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) formany applications.1.2.2 The styles of washers
6、covered are:1.2.2.1 CircularCircular washers in nominal bolt sizes14through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient spaceexists and angularity permits.1.2.2.2 BeveledBeveled washers are square or rectangu-lar, in nominal sizes12 through 112 in., with a beveled 1 to 6ratio surface for use wi
7、th American standard beams andchannels.1.2.2.3 ClippedClipped washers are circular or beveledfor use where space limitations necessitate that one side beclipped.NOTE 1Acomplete metric companion to Specification F 436 has beendevelopedSpecification F 436M; therefore no metric equivalents arepresented
8、 in this specification.1.2.2.4 Extra ThickExtra thick washers are circular wash-ers in nominal sizes12 through 112 in., with a nominalthickness of516 in. suitable for structural applications withoversized holes.1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F 1789 unless otherwise
9、defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered AlloySteel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-ersA 449 Specification for Hex Cap S
10、crews, Bolts and Studs,Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum TensileStrength, General UseA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyStructural Steel, up to 50 ksi 345 MPa Minimum Yiel
11、dPoint, with Atmospheric Corrosion ResistanceA 709/A 709M Specification for Structural Steel forBridgesA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial P
12、ackagingF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon a
13、nd Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published A
14、ugust 2007. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 436 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
15、mmary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels3. Orde
16、ring Information3.1 Orders for hardened steel washers under this specifica-tion shall include the following:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Quantity (number of pieces by size),3.1.3 Type and Style (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2),3.1.4 Zinc CoatingSpecify the zinc coating process re-quired, for
17、example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or nopreference (see 4.3),3.1.5 Dimensions, nominal size, and other dimensions, ifmodified from those covered in this specification,3.1.6 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is re-quired,3.1.7 Specify if manufacturers certification or test reports,
18、or both, are required, and3.1.8 Special requirements.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Steel used in the manufacture of washers shall beproduced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnaceprocess.4.2 Washers up to and including 112 in. in bolt size shall bethrough hardened. Washers over 112
19、in. may be either throughhardened or carburized at the option of the manufacturer.4.3 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.3.1 When zinc-coated washers are required, the purchasershall specify the zinc coating process, for example, hot-dip,mechanically deposited, or no preference.4.3.
20、2 When hot-dip is specified the washers shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F 2329.4.3.3 When mechanically deposited is specified the washersshall be zinc coated by the mechanical-deposition process inaccordance with the requirements of Cl
21、ass 50 of SpecificationB 695.4.3.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F 2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B 695, Class 50. Threadedcomponents (bolt and nuts) shall be coat
22、ed by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.4.4 If washers are heat treated by a subcontractor, they shallbe returned to the manufacturer for testing prior to shipment tothe purchaser.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Type 1
23、 and Type 3 washers shall conform to thechemical composition specified in Table 1. For Type 3 seeGuide G 101 for methods of estimating corrosion resistance oflow alloy steels.5.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished material representing each lot of washers. The chemi-cal compo
24、sition shall conform to the requirements of 4.1 and5.1.5.3 Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finishedproduct.5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Through hardened washers shall have a h
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