ASTM F1014-2002(2007) Standard Specification for Flashlights on Vessels《船舶用闪光灯的规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1014 02 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Specification forFlashlights on Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y

2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers thr

3、ee types of flashlights (seeSection 4).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard d

4、oes not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Military

5、Standard:2MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes2.2 UL Standard:3UL Standard No. 783 Standard for Safety Electric Flash-lights and Lanterns for Use in Hazardous (Classified)Locations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lota manufac

6、turers production run for a specifictype of flashlight.3.1.2 order batchthe size of a specific contract or pur-chase order taken from the lot.3.1.3 production testingthe testing performed during a lotrun of specific flashlights.4. Classification4.1 The three types of flashlights covered in this spec

7、ifica-tion are classified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFlashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts.4.1.2 Type IIFlashlights for use in hazardous locationswhere fire or explosion hazards may exist due to the presenceof flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustibledust, or ignitable fibers or

8、 flyings.4.1.3 Type IIIFlashlights for use in lifeboats and liferaftsand suitable for hazardous locations.4.2 Type I flashlights shall be manufactured in accordancewith Sections 2-11. Type II flashlights shall meet the require-ments in Sections 11 and 12. Type III flashlights shall meet therequireme

9、nts in Sections 2-12.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsAll materials used in the construction ofthese flashlights shall be of a quality suitable for the purposeintended and shall conform to the requirements of this speci-fication.5.2 ManufacturePlastic, when used, shall be a suitablethermopla

10、stic or thermosetting material so molded as toproduce a dense solid structure, uniform in texture, finish, andmechanical properties.6. General Requirements General Requirements6.1 Each flashlight shall be a three-cell light.6.2 Each flashlight shall provide a concentrated beam oflight. When used in

11、this specification, a concentrated beam oflight is light projected in a nearly parallel beam and is used toilluminate objects at considerable distances.6.3 The flashlight shall show no leakage of water and shallbe in perfect working order following the test prescribed in 9.2.6.4 The proportions and

12、design of each flashlight shall besuch that the assembled unit complete with lamp and cells shallbe capable of withstanding, without breakage or material1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

13、F25.10 onElectrical.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1014 - 02.2Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.3Availab

14、le from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.distortion of any part and without upsetting the lamp focus, thetest specified in 9.6. Dama

15、ge of lamp filament or shifting offilament within the lamp as a result of this test shall not because for rejection of the flashlight if the flashlight operateswhen the spare lamp is used.6.5 Each flashlight must be furnished with two lamps. Oneof these lamps is a spare and must be contained within

16、the bodyof the flashlight, either in the end cap or reflector head area.6.6 All metal parts of each flashlight shall be made ofcorrosion-resistant material. All copper or copper-alloy partscoming in contact with rubber shall not corrode or disintegratethe rubber.6.7 The construction of each flashlig

17、ht shall be such that ametallic contact outside the case cannot close the battery circuitand cause the light to come on.6.8 Each flashlight shall be provided with means to preventit from rolling.7. Physical Requirements7.1 DimensionsEach flashlight shall not exceed 11 in.(292 mm) in length and shall

18、 have a lens ring diameter of nomore than 2 in. (63.5 mm).7.2 Case, Lens Head Ring, and End Cap:7.2.1 The flashlight case must be suitable to receive threecommercial D-size dry cells. The exterior of the flashlight shallhave molded flutes or ribs to provide a satisfactory grippingsurface when wet. C

19、ells must be held in the case undersufficient pressure to ensure good contact and to preventbreaking of the circuit when the flashlight is tested in accor-dance with 9.1.2. The flashlight must be constructed so that thecells are readily replaceable.7.2.2 The case, ring, and cap, need not be made of

20、the samematerial but cooperating threaded surfaces should be of thesame type material.7.3 LensThe lens shall be of good quality, laminated,shatter-proof glass or clear plastic, free from bubbles, striae,wrinkles, or other defects and blemishes that would affect thelight distribution. The lens shall

21、be secured to the lens headring by a suitable retaining ring or other device so as to preventit from being dropped when the lens head ring is unscrewed.7.4 ReflectorThe reflector may be of metal or plastic andmust have sufficient rigidity so as not to become distorted whenthe flashlight is completel

22、y assembled with cells and lamp. Itmust have an essentially parabolic reflecting surface, highlypolished and resistant to corrosion and discoloration. Thereflector shall be 134 614 in. (44 6 6 mm) in diameter.7.5 LampsThe lamps shall be appropriate for use withalkaline or carbon-zinc batteries. Each

23、 lamp must have a lamplife of at least 15 h at the rated battery voltage.7.6 Lamp HolderThe lamp shall be firmly positioned inthe reflector. It shall be so positioned that the lamp, whenassembled in the holder, shall have its filament located at thefocus of the reflector, with the accuracy necessary

24、 to produce aconcentrated beam of light as specified in 9.7. It shall havesufficient rigidity so as not to become distorted when theflashlight is completely assembled with cells and lamp. Meansshall be provided to protect the lamp from damage by batteryimpact and for conveniently removing and replac

25、ing the lamp.The mounting adjustment shall have sufficient stability toretain the focal adjustment of the lamp under a condition ofvibration, and when the flashlight is tested in accordance with9.1.2.7.7 SwitchThe switch shall be conveniently located andsecurely attached to the flashlight. It shall

26、be provided with apermanent “ON” position, a manually operable signaling or“FLASHING” position, and a locked “OFF” position. It shallbe provided with means to prevent accidental closing of thelamp circuit. The switch parts and switch contact strip shall beadequately insulated so that it will be impo

27、ssible for metal-cladcells to close a circuit when the switch is on the “OFF”position. The flashlight shall be designed with a switch guard.Contact springs shall be of phosphor bronze, spring brass, orother corrosion-resistant equivalent material.7.8 Suspension MemberEach flashlight shall be equippe

28、dwith a suitable suspension ring or clip. The ring or clip shall betested as specified in 9.8.8. Workmanship8.1 Flashlights shall be of sturdy construction and free ofmechanical, electrical, or other imperfections or defects thatmaterially affect appearance or that may affect quality, reliabil-ity,

29、or serviceability. The finished flashlight shall not containrough edges, burrs, blemishes, or other disfigurements andshall be clean, free from rust, toolmarks, pits, and otherinjurious defects.8.1.1 Threaded parts shall be smooth and close fitting andshall be capable of being easily moved by hand r

30、elative to eachother. Threaded parts shall not jump or change adjustmentwhen being put together or when subjected to the tests inSection 9.9. Test Methods9.1 Switches:9.1.1 Switch LeakageWith the lamp and reflector re-moved, insert fresh batteries into the flashlight. Connect avoltmeter across the s

31、witch and battery or the switch andbattery contacts, as appropriate, in such a way as to read thebattery voltage through the switch. With the switch in the“OFF” position, read the voltage. Any distinguishable deflec-tion of the meter hand when the meter is set in the voltagerange, nearest the batter

32、y voltage, shall constitute failure of thistest.9.1.2 OperationInsert batteries into the flashlight andoperate the switch five times in each of the three switchpositions. Shake the flashlight vigorously in each “ON” and“FLASHING” switch position. The flashlight must not go offwhen shaken vigorously

33、while the switch is in the “ON” or“FLASHING” position.9.1.3 Switch EnduranceTest the contact switch mecha-nism of the flashlight by operating the switch for 25 000continuous cycles. A cycle shall consist of movements from“OFF” position through the full “ON” and “FLASHING”positions and back to “OFF”

34、position. Operate the switch undernormal electrical load conditions, and replace the lamp andbatteries as often as required to ensure that the switch mecha-nism is operating under normal load throughout the 25 000cycles. Burning out of bulbs and batteries during the test shallF 1014 02 (2007)2not co

35、nstitute failure of this test. Failure of the switch tocomplete 25 000 cycles shall constitute failure of this test.9.2 WatertightnessTest the flashlight as follows:9.2.1 Submerge the assembled flashlight in a salt watersolution (1.04 sp gr) under a head of 1 ft (0.3 m) for a periodof 24 h at a wate

36、r temperature of 65F (18C). Remove theflashlight and wipe off the excess water. The total waterabsorption shall not exceed 5 % weight. The flashlight shall becapable of being disassembled and reassembled without unduedifficulty upon completion of the test and shall be in perfectworking order.9.3 Imp

37、act:9.3.1 Test ConditionsPlace the flashlight, without batter-ies installed, in a cold chamber at 40 6 5F (40 6 3C) for2 h. With the flashlight stabilized at this temperature, immedi-ately subject it to the low- and high-impact test specified in9.3.2 and 9.3.3. Apply the point of impact to the follo

38、wing:9.3.1.1 The outside of the flashlight case at a point midwaybetween the ends of the case on a side 90 from the switch,9.3.1.2 The switch (in the “ON” position and in the “OFF”position),9.3.1.3 The lens cap, and9.3.1.4 The end cap.9.3.2 Low ImpactSubject the flashlight to a 12-lbfin. (1.4Nm) imp

39、act using a 1-lb (0.4-kg) steel ball at each of thepoints of impact specified in 9.3.1. Provided the flashlightremains intact, next subject the flashlight to the watertightnesstest (see 9.2). There shall be no evidence of breakage fromimpact or moisture in the case.9.3.3 High ImpactAfter the flashli

40、ght passes the low-impact test, again place the flashlight in the cold chamber at40F 6 5F (40 6 3C) for 2 h, and then immediatelysubject it to a 20 lbfin. (2.3 Nm) impact using a 1-lb (0.4-kg)steel ball at each of the points of impact specified above. Thereshall be no evidence of damage to the case,

41、 the lens, or the endcap.9.4 Environmental:9.4.1 Heat and HumidityPlace the flashlight, with drycells, on a horizontal surface and subject to dry heat at 150 65F (65.6 6 3C) for 16 h, followed by an 85 6 5 % relativehumidity at 100 6 2F (38 6 1C) for 6 h. The flashlight shallbe compared with unteste

42、d flashlights for dimensional stability,crazing of surface, and then tested to determine that theflashlight operates in accordance with 9.1.2.9.5 CorrosionSubject the flashlights, without dry cells, tosalt spray for 200 h. Then wash the flashlight with fresh water,dry, and then test to determine tha

43、t the flashlight operates inaccordance with 9.1.2. There shall be no evidence of corrosion.9.6 Rough UseDrop the flashlight, complete with drycells, lamps, and lens, 5 ft (1.5 m) in free fall onto avinyl-asbestos tiled concrete floor. Drop the flashlight twice ina horizontal position upon the switch

44、, with the switch in the“ON” position, twice in a horizontal position upon the switch,with the switch in the “OFF” position, twice in a verticalposition upon the head of the flashlight, and upon the base ofthe flashlight. Do not tighten parts once the test has begun.There shall be no evidence of dam

45、age to any part of theflashlight. Then test the flashlight in accordance with 9.1.3.9.7 Light ProjectionThe flashlight must project a concen-trated beam of light not less than 5 in. (127 mm) nor more than11 in. (279 mm) in diameter when located 5 ft (1.524 m) froma screen. The plane of the screen mu

46、st be perpendicular to theoptical axis of the flashlight.9.8 End Cap RingThe end cap ring shall support a weightof 25 lb (11.3 kg) for 1 min without evidence of distortion.10. Marking, Packaging, and Packing10.1 Product MarkingEach flashlight conforming to allthe requirements in this specification s

47、hall be marked with thename, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer, this ASTMspecification number, the type of flashlight (Type I, Type II, orType III), and any other information as may be specified in thecontract or purchase order.10.2 Unless otherwise specified by the customer in thecontract or

48、purchase order, the flashlight shall be packaged,packed, and marked in accordance with the manufacturerscommercial practice to ensure acceptance and safe delivery bythe carrier for the mode of shipping and handling.11. Quality Assurance Provisions11.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or pu

49、rchaseorder, the producer is responsible for the performance of allinspection and requirements as specified herein. Except asotherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, theproducer may use his own or any other facilities suitable for theperformance of the inspection requirements specified herein.The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of theinspections set forth in this specification where such inspec-tions are deemed necessary to ensure that the flashlightsconform to the prescribed requirements.11.2 The p