ASTM E604-2018 red 4375 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials.pdf

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1、Designation: E604 15E604 18Standard Test Method forDynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the dynamic tear (DT) test

3、 using specimens that are 316 in. to 58 in. (5 mm to 16 mm) inclusivein thickness.1.2 This test method is applicable to materials with a minimum thickness of 316 in. (5 mm).1.3 The pressed-knife procedure described for sharpening the notch tip generally limits this test method to materials with ahar

4、dness level less than 36 HRC.NOTE 1The designation 36 HRC is a Rockwell hardness number of 36 on Rockwell C scale as defined in Test Methods E18.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are

5、provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practi

6、ces and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Reco

7、mmendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE18 Test M

8、ethods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Common in Mechanical Testing:3.1.1 The definitions of mechanical testing terms that appear in Terminology E6 apply to

9、this test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dynamic tear (DT) energythe total energy required to fracture DT specimens tested in accordance with the provisionsof this test method.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWith pendulum-type machines, the DT energy is the difference between the

10、initial and the final potential energies of the pendulumor pendulums.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact Testing.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015June 1, 2018. Published Februar

11、y 2016July 2018. Originally approved as a proposed test method in 1975. Last previous editionapproved in 20082015 as E604 83(2008). 15. DOI: 10.1520/E0604-15.10.1520/E0604-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For

12、Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not

13、 be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end

14、 of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1.2 DiscussionWith drop-weight machines, the DT energy is the difference between the initial potential energy of the hammer and the final energyof the hammer as dete

15、rmined by a calibrated energy measurement system.3.2.2 percent shear fracture appearanceappearance, SFA, nthe percent of the net section that fracturedamount of fracturesurface in the specimen that failed in a shear mode. (stable) mode, expressed in percent3.2.2.1 DiscussionNet section may be either

16、 the net section area before fracture or the area of the projected plane of the fracture surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The DT test involves a single-edge notched beam that is impact loaded in three-point bending, and the total energy lossduring separation DT energy is recorded.4.2 The DT spec

17、imens are fractured with pendulum or drop-weight machines.5. Significance and Use5.1 The DT energy value is a measure of resistance to rapid progressive fracturing. In a number of applications, the enhancedresistance that may develop during about one plate thickness of crack extension from a sharp n

18、otch is of major interest. In the testmethod, a sufficiently long fracture path is provided so that the results serve as a measure of this property.5.2 Fracture surfaces of nonaustenitic steels tested in their temperature transition region have areas that appear bright and areasthat appear dull.The

19、bright, faceted appearing areas are termed “cleavage” fracture, and the dull appearing areas are termed “shear”fracture after their respective mode of fracture on a micro scale.5.3 This test method can serve the following purposes:5.3.1 In research and development, to evaluate the effects of metallu

20、rgical variables such as composition, processing, or heattreatment, or of fabricating operations such as forming and welding on the dynamic tear fracture resistance of new or existingmaterials.5.3.2 In service evaluation, to establish the suitability of a material for a specific application only whe

21、re a correlation betweenDT energy and service performance has been established.35.3.3 For information, specifications of acceptance, and manufacturing quality control when a minimum DTenergy is requested.Detailed discussion of the basis for determining such minimum values in a particular case is bey

22、ond the scope of this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 General RequirementsThe testing machine shall be either a pendulum type or a drop-weight type of capacity more thansufficient to break the specimen in one blow. DT energy values above 80 % of the initial potential energy of the blow are invalid.The c

23、apacity needed to conduct DT tests on most steels is 2000 ftlbf (2700 J) for 58-in. (16-mm) and 500 ftlbf (700 J) for 316-in.(5-mm) thick specimens. The capacity needed to conduct DT tests on the cast irons and aluminum alloys is less than 20 % of thevalues given above for most steels.6.1.1 Velocity

24、 LimitationsTests may be made at velocities that range from 13 to 28 ft/s (4.0 to 8.5 m/s). Velocity shall be statedas the velocity between the striker and the specimen at impact. This range in velocities corresponds to that of hammers droppedfrom heights of 32 in. to 12 ft (0.8 to 3.7 m).6.1.2 The

25、impact machine shall have a calibrated scale, charts, or direct-reading indicator of initial and final energy values, orthe difference between the initial and final energy values. The scale, chart, or direct-reading indicator shall be divided so that DTenergy values can be estimated within the follo

26、wing increments:DT Energy Value Maximum Increment600 ftlbf (800 J) 30 ftlbf (40 J)6.1.2.1 The error in the DT energy value due to an error in the weight of the pendulum or the dropping weight, or due to anerror in drop height, shall not exceed 1 %. Windage and friction may be compensated for by incr

27、easing the height of the drop, inwhich case the height may exceed the nominal value by not over 2.0 %.6.1.3 The specimen anvil and the striker tup shall be of steel hardened to a minimum hardness value of 48 HRC and shallconform to the dimensions presented in Fig. 1. Clearance between the sides of t

28、he hammer and anvil shall not be less than 2.0 in.(51 mm), and the center line of the striker edge shall advance in the plane that is within 0.032 in. (0.80 mm) of the midpointbetween the supporting edges of the specimen anvils. The striker edge shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the

29、3 Pellini , W. S., “Analytical Design Procedures for Metals of Elastic-Plastic and Plastic Fracture Properties,” Welding Research Council Bulletin 186, August 1973.E604 182specimen within 0.01 rad. When in contact with the specimen, the striker edge shall be parallel within 0.005 rad to the face of

30、asquare test specimen held against the anvil. Specimen supports for pendulum machines shall be square with anvil faces within0.0025 rad. Specimen supports shall be coplanar within 0.005 in. (0.125 mm) and parallel within 0.002 rad.6.2 The design of the pendulum impact machines shall position the cen

31、ter of percussion at the center of strike within 1 % ofthe distance from the center of rotation to the center of the strike. When hanging free, the pendulums shall hang so that the strikingedge is less than 0.20 in. (5.0 mm) from the edge position of the specimen.6.2.1 The location of the center of

32、percussion may be determined as follows: Using a stop watch or some other suitable timerto within 0.2 s, swing the pendulum through a total angle not greater than 15, and record the time for 100 complete cycles (toand fro). Determine the center of percussion as follows:l 50.8152,to determine l in fe

33、et (1)l 50.24852, to determine l in metreswhere:l = distance from the axis to the center of percussion, ft (or m), and = time of a complete cycle (to and fro) of the pendulum, s.6.2.2 For double-pendulum machines, the center of percussion of each pendulum shall be determined separately.7. Safety Haz

34、ards7.1 A safety screen shall surround the anvil to restrict the flight of broken specimens.7.2 Precautions shall be taken to protect personnel from swinging pendulums, dropping weights, flying broken specimens, andhazards associated with specimen warming and cooling media.8. Sampling8.1 Notation of

35、 the orientation of base metal specimens shall be in accordance with Test Method E399.9. Test Specimens9.1 Size of SpecimensThe specimen blank shall be B by 1.60 by 7.125 in. (B by 40.6 by 181.0 mm) where B can be from 316to 58 in. (5 to 16 mm). The tolerances for these dimensions are presented in F

36、ig. 1.Dimensions and Tolerance for Specimen BlankParameter Units Dimension ToleranceLength, L in. 7.125 0.125mm 181 3Width, W in. 1.60 0.10mm 41 2Thickness, B in. 0.625 0.035mm 16 1Angularity, deg 90 1NOTE 1See 9.1 for specimens less than 58-in. (16 mm) thick.FIG. 1 Dynamic Tear Test Specimen, Anvil

37、 Supports, and StrikerE604 1839.1.1 If the thickness of the product is greater than 58 in. (16 mm) then a 58 in. (16 mm) thick specimen shall be the standardspecimen.9.2 Notch DetailThe notch is machined to provide a fracture path in test material of 1.125 in. (28.5 mm); the small extensionrequired

38、for notch sharpening is considered a portion of the nominal net section. The notch dimensions shall conform to the valuesgiven in Fig. 2.9.3 Procedure for Preparing Notch:9.3.1 Rough MachiningMachine a notch to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The angular apex portion and particularly the finalcut on

39、 the root radius may be machined with a precisely ground saw, cutter, electric discharge machine, or any other machiningprocess that will ensure a final root radius less than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm).NOTE 2These machining operations are normally performed simultaneously for a group of specimens.9.3.2 Pre

40、ssing Notch TipPress the sharp tip of the notch to the dimensions prescribed in Fig. 2 on individual specimens. Makethe impression with a blade of high-speed tool steel (60 HRC min) that has been ground to the dimensions presented in Fig. 3,and subsequently honed to remove any burrs or rough edges.

41、Any loading device with sufficient capacity to press the knife to theprescribed depth may be used.NOTE 3Suggested practices for measuring the pressed tip and for pressing the notch tip are given in theAppendixes. The force required to accomplishthe pressing is related to the hardness and the thickne

42、ss of the specimen. The force required can be estimated by either of the following formulas:force lbf!5473tensile strength ksi!3B in.!force N!52.93tensile strength MPa!3B mm!where:B = thickness of the specimen.10. Calibration of Apparatus10.1 Single-Pendulum MachineSupport the pendulum horizontally

43、(9061 from the rest position) at a point most convenientto react with a weighing device such as a platform scale, balance, or load cell, and determine the weight within 0.4 %. Take careto minimize friction at the bearing support and the weighing support. Measure the length of the moment arm (that is

44、, the horizontaldistance between the center of rotation and a vertical line that passes through the point of support) within 0.1 %. The potentialenergy at any angular position can be calculated from the following formula:Energy5weight3moment arm 12 cos !Dimensions and Tolerances for Notch TipParamet

45、er Units Dimension ToleranceNet width, (W a ) in. 1.125 0.020mm 28.6 0.5Machined notch width, Nw in. 0.0625 0.005mm 1.59 0.13Machined notch root angle, Na deg 60 2Machined notch root radius, Nr in. 0.005 maxmm 0.13 maxPressed tip depth, tD in. 0.010 0.005mm 0.25 0.13Pressed tip angle, ta deg 40 5Pre

46、ssed tip root radius, tr in. 0.001 maxmm 0.025 maxFIG. 2 Details of the Notch in a Dynamic Tear SpecimenE604 184where = the angle displaced when the pendulum is rotated from the position of rest when hanging free. An alternativeprocedure may be used if the distance between the center of rotation and

47、 the center of gravity is known within 0.1 %. The weightis then determined within 0.4 %, with the pendulum supported horizontally at a point in line with the center of gravity. Thepotential energy at any position is equal to the weight times the elevation of the center of gravity from the rest posit

48、ion.10.1.1 The friction and windage loss of energy in the machine shall not exceed 2.0 % of the initial energy. The friction andwindage loss is the difference between the potential energy of the pendulum from the starting position and the potential energyof the pendulum after it completes its swing

49、without a specimen. Compensate the friction and windage loss so that zero energyis indicated when the pendulum is released without a specimen being present.10.1.2 Impact VelocityDetermine the impact velocity, v, of the machine, neglecting friction as follows:v 52gh! 1/2where:g = acceleration of gravity, ft/s2 (or m/s2),h = initial elevation of the striking edge, ft (or m), andv = striking velocity, ft/s (or m/s).10.2 Double-Pendulum MachineThe procedure for calibrating the hammer pendulum and the anvil pendulu