ASTM E2505-2007(2014)e1 Standard Practice for Industrial Rope Access.pdf

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1、Designation: E2505 07 (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Practice forIndustrial Rope Access1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEANSI references in 2.1, 6.1, and 6.2 were corrected editorially in June 2018.INTRODUCTIONThis standard applies where access is gained to structures, man-

3、made or natural, by means of ropessuspended from the structure or the features concerned. It applies to cases where ropes are used (1)as the primary means of support, (2) as the means of primary protection or positioning, and (3) whereoperatives descend or ascend on a rope, or traverse along a tensi

4、oned horizontal rope where the useof hands and feet can no longer be used to fully support the body.This standard is not intended to apply where rope access techniques are used by the fire department,other emergency services, and the armed forces. The authorities concerned with these activities have

5、their own standards for such work.This standard does not apply to other methods of working at height such as steeple jacking,suspended scaffolds, steelwork erection, or boatswains chairs.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a framework of practical andtechnical information within which the specifying

6、authorityand the operators using rope access techniques can developeffective arrangements to help ensure the safety and health ofpersonnel involved in these projects.1.2 This practice applies to the use of techniques wherebyaccess is gained to structures, man-made or natural, by meansof ropes suspen

7、ded from the structure. It applies to all caseswhere ropes are used as the primary means of support andwhere persons descend or ascend a rope, or traverse along atensioned horizontal or inclined rope.1.3 This practice applies to all industrial uses of rope accesstechniques except use by the fire dep

8、artment and other emer-gency services for rescue work and training in connectiontherewith. Fire and rescue authorities have special proceduresapplicable to their circumstances. This standard does not applyto other methods of working at heights, such as suspendedscaffolds.1.4 The values stated in inc

9、h-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t

10、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on stand

11、ard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI Z89.1 2003 HelmetsANSI Z359.1 1992 Harnes

12、ses2.2 OSHA Regulations (Standards29 CFR):31910.66 App C Fall Protection System1926.450 Scope, applications applicable to this subpart1926.500 Scope, application, and definitions applicable tothis subpart1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and

13、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.55 onPerformance of Building Enclosures.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E250507. DOI:10.1520/E2505-07R14E01.2Available from American National Standards I

14、nstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock

15、en, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiza

16、tion Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11926.502 Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices1926.503 Training Requirements2.3 Other Standards:CE EN361 6.3.1.2 Be intended by the manufacturer to be used for thesupport of personnel; and6.3.1.3 Incorporate a locking mechanism that prevents

17、 un-intentional disengagement of the connector OSHA1926.502(d) (5).6.4 Lanyards:6.4.1 Lanyards used in fall protection systems shall:6.4.1.1 Be constructed of synthetic fibers;6.4.1.2 Have a maximum length that, when loaded by theweight of the operator, enables the operator to reach andoperate the d

18、evice to which the lanyard is attached; and6.4.1.3 Have a minimum breaking strength of 5000 lb (22.2kN) OSHA 1926.502(d) (9).6.4.2 An energy-absorbing lanyard shall have a ratedstrength of at least 5000 lb (22.2 kN) when fully extendedOSHA 1926.502(d) (13).6.5 Backup Rope Grabs:6.5.1 Backup rope gra

19、bs used in fall protection systemsshall:6.5.1.1 Automatically grip the safety rope in the event ofeither a fall or a failure of the suspension system;6.5.1.2 Incorporate a means of preventing unintentionalremoval from the safety rope;6.5.1.3 Be permanently marked by the manufacturer show-ing the max

20、imum and minimum rope diameters suitable for usewith the device; and6.5.1.4 Be permanently marked by the manufacturer show-ing details, where necessary, of the correct orientation in whichthe device is to be installed.6.6 Descenders:6.6.1 A descender shall be manufactured specifically tocontrol the

21、rate of descent of a person sliding down a workingrope.6.6.2 A descender used for work-level suspension shall:E2505 07 (2014)146.6.2.1 Include a braking mechanism, which must be disen-gaged manually for a worker to descend. The braking mecha-nism shall automatically reengage on removal of the worker

22、shand from the device; and6.6.2.2 Be capable of holding a worker in place on aworking rope with both hands free.6.6.3 Descenders shall be permanently marked by themanufacturer with details, where necessary, of the correctprocedure for threading the rope through the device.6.7 Ascenders:6.7.1 Ascende

23、rs shall:6.7.1.1 Be constructed so that it is not possible to move thedevice down the working rope without a deliberate actionperformed by the operator;6.7.1.2 Be constructed so that a minimum of two distinct,deliberate actions are required to remove the device from theworking rope;6.7.1.3 Be intend

24、ed by the manufacturer to be used primar-ily as a means of ascent of a rope by a person; and6.7.1.4 Be used as a component of an ascent system, andshall not be used as fall protection.6.8 Ropes:6.8.1 Rope used as a safety rope or a working rope shall:6.8.1.1 Be low-stretch static kernmantle rope con

25、structed ofsynthetic fibers;6.8.1.2 Have a rated strength of 5000 lb (22.2 kN) OSHA1926.502(d)(9); and6.8.1.3 Have a minimum diameter of716 in. (11 mm).6.9 Slings:6.9.1 Slings used to rig an anchor shall:6.9.1.1 Be made of synthetic fibers or steel wire; and6.9.1.2 Be constructed on site using a sta

26、tic rope, low stretchrope or webbing by a competent person using recognizedknots; or they shall be of a type manufactured for personnelsupport and have an explicitly stated strength rating.6.9.1.3 Steel wire rope slings should be one piece, manu-factured with explicit stated strength rating, and hav

27、e ends thatare secured with a pressed metal sleeve. Where steel wire ropesare utilized, connectors shall be steel.6.10 Ancillary Equipment:6.10.1 In some situations rope access work may be moreefficiently and safely carried out by supplementing it withancillary equipment such as platforms, nets and

28、purpose builtitems; in such situations rope access must remain the principalaccess system for workers and their anchor points must beseparate from any used for supporting this equipment.7. Care of Equipment7.1 Equipment shall be used and maintained according tothe instructions of the manufacturer in

29、cluding:7.1.1 Cleaning and lubrication of hardware components;7.1.2 Cleaning of soft goods such as webbing, straps, andharnesses; and7.1.3 Equipment shall be used solely for purposes indicatedby the manufacturer and shall not be modified by the user.7.2 A program of periodic inspection of equipment

30、shallinclude explicit criteria for inspection. Inspection results shallbe documented. Damaged or non-functioning equipment shallbe removed from service. This shall be prior to each use.8. Industrial Rope Access Systems8.1 Anchors:8.1.1 Anchor Point:8.1.1.1 The point of attachment of the working rope

31、, orsafety rope, to an anchor system. The failure strength of theanchor point shall be at least equal to the greater of 6 times themaximum intended static load and 2 times the dynamic loaddue to a potential fall. This corresponds to a minimum safetyfactor of 6 for this static load and 2 for this dyn

32、amic load. Thecapacity of the anchor point shall account for the anticipateddirection of loading.8.1.2 Anchor System:8.1.2.1 A single attachment, or combination of attachmentsand rope, that connect an anchor point to the structure orfeature such that it provides a minimum factor of safety of 6agains

33、t failure from the maximum intended static loads, and aminimum factor of safety of 2 against failure from dynamicloads due to a potential fall.8.1.2.2 TheAnchor Systems for each worker shall rely on atleast two independent attachments to the structure. Anchorsystems that rely on multiple attachments

34、 to the structure shallbe rigged such that the failure of any single attachment will notcause the failure of any other attachment.8.1.2.3 Anchor Points and Anchor Systems shall be riggedsuch that, in the event of the failure of one anchor point, theworker can not free fall more than 6 ft (1.8 m) and

35、 the failureof any one point will not result in a catastrophic failure, suchas a progressive failure of other parts.8.1.2.4 Connectors used in the rigging of anchors shall meetthe requirements of 6.3.8.1.2.5 Slings used to construct anchors shall meet therequirements of 6.9.8.1.2.6 Slings and ropes

36、used to construct an anchor shall beprotected at all locations where they may be subject to abrasionor cutting. Suitable rope protection devices shall be selected bya competent person.8.1.3 Primary Anchor Point:8.1.3.1 An anchor that will bear directly a suspensionsystem or fall protection system us

37、ing a recognized knot orfastening that does not reduce the system strength to belowOSHA minimum standards as determined by a competentperson. A primary anchor point shall be considered an anchorpoint when determining the required anchor capacity andrigging requirements (see 8.1.1).8.1.4 Directional

38、Anchor Point:8.1.4.1 Directional Anchor Points shall be considered an-chor points when determining required anchor capacities andrigging requirements as determined by the competent person.Directional anchors shall be used when no suitable anchor isavailable at a location that is on a line which is p

39、erpendicularto the edge of the structure above the intended worksite or toredirect ropes away from a potential hazard (see 8.1.1.1).E2505 07 (2014)158.1.5 Anchor Attachments to the Structure:8.1.5.1 All anchor attachments to the structure shall bedesigned to carry the intended loads and installed by

40、 acompetent person in accordance with the manufacturers speci-fications.8.2 General Requirements for Fall Protection Systems:8.2.1 A fall protection system shall:8.2.1.1 Limit the maximum arresting force on a fallingworker to 1800 lb (8 kN) OSHA 1926.502(d)(16)(ii);8.2.1.2 Limit a workers free fall

41、to a maximum of 6 ft (1.8m) OSHA 1926.502(d)(16)(iii); and8.2.1.3 Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit maxi-mum deceleration distance to 3.5 ft (1.07 m) OSHA1926.502(d) (16) (iv).8.3 Selection of Components in Fall Protection Systems:8.3.1 Individual components of a fall protection systemshal

42、l together comprise a system that meets the requirements of8.2.1.8.3.2 Workers performing industrial rope access work shallcarry means of both ascent and descent regardless of theanticipated requirements of the job.8.3.3 System components shall not be changed or substi-tuted without the approval of

43、a competent person.8.4 Use of Fall Protection Systems:8.4.1 Fall protection systems shall be provided for and usedby workers during all rope suspension work and whenever aworker is less than 6 ft (1.8 m) from an unprotected edge thatis without a guardrail at least 39 in. (1 m high) OSHA1926.502(b)(1

44、).8.4.2 Each worker shall have a separate and independent fallprotection system:8.4.2.1 Only one worker shall be attached to a safety rope,except in a rescue situation; and8.4.2.2 Each worker shall be attached to independentlanyards, rope grabs, or any other component of a fallprotection system, exc

45、ept in a rescue situation.8.4.2.3 Safety ropes shall be protected where they contactedges of a structure, anchor, obstruction, crossing rope, orother surface that might cut or weaken the rope. Suitable ropeprotection devices shall be selected by a competent person.8.5 Inspection of Fall Protection S

46、ystems:8.5.1 Fall protection systems and components subjected toimpact loading shall be tagged and removed from service andshall not be used again for fall protection or suspension untilinspected and determined by a competent person to be undam-aged and suitable for reuse OSHA 1926.502(d) (19), exce

47、ptfor safety ropes, which shall be immediately removed perma-nently from further service in fall protection or suspensionsystems.8.5.2 Fall protection systems shall be inspected prior to eachuse for improper rigging, wear, damage, and other deteriora-tion; defective components shall be immediately r

48、emoved fromservice OSHA 1926.502(d) (21).8.6 Selection of Components in Descent Systems:8.6.1 Descenders shall be selected to function as part of acomplete descent system and used in conformance with themanufacturers recommendations. Several factors affect theperformance of a descent system. Togethe

49、r, these factorsdetermine the effective rate of descent, the ease of control, andthe ability to lock the descender in place. The following factorsshall be considered when matching a descender to a workingrope:8.6.1.1 Rope diameter, which shall meet manufacturersspecifications for the descender;8.6.1.2 Rope handling characteristics;8.6.1.3 Length of descent; and8.6.1.4 Weight of worker and equipment.8.7 Use of Descent Systems:8.7.1 The descender shall either be attached directly to theworkers harness or, if attached to a swing seat, the descendersha