ASTM E92-2016 3837 Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials《金属材料维氏硬度和努氏硬度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E92-2016 3837 Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials《金属材料维氏硬度和努氏硬度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E92-2016 3837 Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials《金属材料维氏硬度和努氏硬度的标准试验方法》.pdf(27页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E92 16Standard Test Methods forVickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of MetallicMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E92; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
3、Vickers hardness and Knoop hardness of metallic materials bythe Vickers and Knoop indentation hardness principles. Thisstandard provides the requirements for Vickers and Knoophardness machines and the procedures for performing Vickersand Knoop hardness tests.1.2 This standard includes additional req
4、uirements in an-nexes:Verification of Vickers and Knoop Hardness Testing Machines Annex A1Vickers and Knoop Hardness Standardizing Machines Annex A2Standardization of Vickers and Knoop Indenters Annex A3Standardization of Vickers and Knoop Hardness Test Blocks Annex A4Correction Factors for Vickers
5、Hardness Tests Made onSpherical and Cylindrical SurfacesAnnex A51.3 This standard includes nonmandatory information in anappendix which relates to the Vickers and Knoop hardnesstests:Examples of Procedures for Determining Vickers andKnoop Hardness UncertaintyAppendix X11.4 This test method covers Vi
6、ckers hardness tests madeutilizing test forces ranging from 9.807 10-3N to 1176.80 N(1 gf to 120 kgf), and Knoop hardness tests made utilizing testforces from 9.807 10-3N to 19.613 N (1 gf to 2 kgf).1.5 Additional information on the procedures and guidancewhen testing in the microindentation force r
7、ange (forces 1kgf) may be found in Test Method E384, Test Method forMicroindentation Hardness of Materials.1.6 UnitsWhen the Vickers and Knoop hardness testswere developed, the force levels were specified in units ofgrams-force (gf) and kilograms-force (kgf). This standardspecifies the units of forc
8、e and length in the InternationalSystem of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and lengthin mm or m. However, because of the historical precedent andcontinued common usage, force values in gf and kgf units areprovided for information and much of the discussion in thisstandard as well as the me
9、thod of reporting the test resultsrefers to these units.NOTE 1The Vickers and Knoop hardness numbers were originallydefined in terms of the test force in kilogram-force (kgf) and the surfacearea or projected area in millimetres squared (mm2). Today, the hardnessnumbers are internationally defined in
10、 terms of SI units, that is, the testforce in Newtons (N). However, in practice, the most commonly usedforce units are kilogram-force (kgf) and gram-force (gf). When Newtonunits of force are used, the force must be divided by the conversion factor9.80665 N/kgf.1.7 The test principles, testing proced
11、ures, and verificationprocedures are essentially identical for both the Vickers andKnoop hardness tests. The significant differences between thetwo tests are the geometries of the respective indenters, themethod of calculation of the hardness numbers, and thatVickers hardness may be used at higher f
12、orce levels thanKnoop hardness.NOTE 2While Committee E28 is primarily concerned with metallicmaterials, the test procedures described are applicable to other materials.Other materials may require special considerations, for example seeC1326 and C1327 for ceramic testing.1.8 This standard does not pu
13、rport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C
14、1326 Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness ofAdvanced CeramicsC1327 Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness ofAdvanced CeramicsE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE7 Terminology Relating to Metallography1These test met
15、hods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 onIndentation Hardness Testing.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E9282(2
16、003)2whichwas withdrawn July 2010 and reinstated in February 2016. DOI: 10.1520/E0092-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summ
17、ary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE74 Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instrumentsfo
18、r Verifying the Force Indication of Testing MachinesE140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE175 Terminology of MicroscopyE177 Practice for Use of
19、the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 6507-1 Metallic MaterialsVickers hardness TestPart 1: Test MethodISO/IEC 1
20、7011 Conformity AssessmentGeneral Require-ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting ConformityAssessment BodiesISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories3. Terminology and Equations3.1 Definitions of TermsFor the standard definitions ofterms used in
21、 this test method, see Terminology E6 andTerminology E7.3.1.1 indentation hardness, nthe hardness as evaluatedfrom measurements of area or depth of the indentation made byforcing a specified indenter into the surface of a material underspecified static loading conditions.3.1.2 Knoop hardness number,
22、 HK,nthe calculated resultfrom a Knoop hardness test, which is proportional to the testforce applied to the Knoop indenter divided by the projectedarea of the permanent indentation made by the indenter afterremoval of the test force.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe projected area of the permanentindentation ma
23、de by the Knoop indenter is calculated basedpartly on the measured length of the long diagonal of theprojected area of the indentation.3.1.3 Knoop hardness test, nan indentation test in which aKnoop rhombic-based pyramidal diamond indenter havingspecified edge angles, is forced under specified condi
24、tions intothe surface of the test material, and, after removal of the testforce, the length of the long diagonal of the projected area ofthe indentation is measured to calculate the Knoop hardnessnumber.3.1.4 Vickers hardness number, HV,nthe calculated resultfrom a Vickers hardness test, which is pr
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