ASTM D8106-2017 9375 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Oil Sorption Capacity of Organophilic Clay《测定有机土吸油能力的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D8106 17Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Oil Sorption Capacity of Organophilic Clay1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers two test methods (Method A forgranular material, Method B for powdered material) that can beused as an i

3、ndex test for the evaluation of the oil sorptioncapacity of a representative sample of organophilic clay. Thetest method is not intended to be a performance test and the oilspecified in the test methods may yield different results thanother non-aqueous phase liquids (for example, coal tar,creosote,

4、crude oil) encountered in the field. Method A shouldonly be used on granular organophilic clay; otherwise finerparticles may pass through the test sieve.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.2.1 The pr

5、ocedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining

6、 the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of the reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analy

7、sismethods for engineering design.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the primary units for the standard. For information only,non-SI units of measurement are also included in this standardto describe some equipment (bucket, sieve).1.4 This standard does not purport to addres

8、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was develope

9、d in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documen

10、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and

11、 Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-tion) of Soils Using Sieve AnalysisE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Termi

12、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 granular organophilic clay, na manufactured oleo-philic material consisting of base clay to which an organiccompound has been chem

13、ically bonded to the clay surface withat least 95 % material, by dry mass, retained on a 210 m (No.70) sieve in accordance with D6913.3.2.2 powdered organophilic clay, na manufactured oleo-philic material consisting of base clay to which an organiccompound has been chemically bonded to the clay surf

14、ace withat least 65 % material, by dry mass, passing a 75 m (No. 200)sieve.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21.07 on Groundwaterand Vadose Zone Remediation Technologies.Current edition approved July

15、15, 2017. Published August 2017. DOI:10.1520/D8106-172For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyrigh

16、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International

17、 Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Summary of Test Method4.1 In Method A, a granular organophilic clay is mixed witha specified classification of commercial oil and then gravitydrained for a period of time to

18、determine the oil sorptioncapacity.4.2 In Method B, a powdered organophilic clay is mixedwith a specific classification of commercial oil and thencentrifuged to determine the oil sorption capacity.5. Significance and Use5.1 This standard test method is intended as an index test todetermine the relat

19、ive oil sorption capacity of an organophilicclay. Organophilic clay is used for remediation of contaminatedsediment, soil, and groundwater. Results of this standard testmethod can be used for a) evaluating whether product meets amanufacturing quality control specification, and b) evaluatingacceptanc

20、e of a product per a construction quality assurancematerial specification. The organophilic clay specified may beeither granular or powder. There are two test methods; a gravitytest method for granular specimens and a centrifuge testmethod for powdered specimens.NOTE 1The quality of the result produ

21、ced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this stand

22、ard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Interferences6.1 Motor oil with polymer or detergent additives (forexample, 10W30, API SN) ma

23、y alter the interaction of the oiland the organophilic clay. This can result in different test resultvalues than the prescribed single-grade motor oil, SAE 30/APISA. Upon request by client, a motor oil with additives may beused, but the motor oil must be identified in the report.7. Apparatus7.1 Bala

24、nceA balance conforming to D4753 with a mini-mum 1-kg capacity.7.2 Graduated CylinderA 500-mL glass graduated cylin-der.7.3 BeakerA 600-mL glass beaker.7.4 SpatulaA metal spatula.7.5 Plastic BucketA 8-L (2-gal) open top plastic bucket.7.6 SieveA 0.21-mm (No. 70 mesh) sieve conforming toE11 large eno

25、ugh to cover the open top of the 8-L plasticbucket.7.7 CentrifugeA centrifuge of such a size and so driventhat a relative centrifugal force (RCF) equal to 3000 times theforce of gravity may be exerted on the center of gravity of thespecimen for 1 h. The centrifuge chamber shall be capable ofmaintain

26、ing a controlled termperaturetemperature of20 6 1C. The centrifuge shall be such that the test tubes canbe mounted and articulate (swing) during the applied force.7.8 Centrifuge Test ContainerMinimum 50-mL test con-tainers that fit into the centrifuge.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Oil, conforming to

27、the specification of SAE 30 viscosityclassification and American Petroleum Institute (API) SAservice category. Alternatively, mineral oil conforming to USPwith ISO 100 grade viscosity.NOTE 2SAE J300 Standard, SAE International, Warrendale, PA,www.sae.org. API Oil Categories, American Petroleum Insti

28、tute, Wash-ington ,D.C., www.api.org. United States Pharmacopoeia and NationalFormulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD, www.ups.org.9. Hazards9.1 Appropriate eye and hand protection is recommendedfor direct work with the oil and apparatus.10. Sampling10.1 Obtain a minimum

29、 500-mL representative sample oforganophilic clay.11. Conditioning11.1 Allow the oil and organophilic clay to equilibrate totest temperature of 20C (61C) before using.12. Procedure12.1 Test Method AGranular Organophilic Clay GravityTest:12.1.1 Fill a 500-mL graduated cylinder to about the250-mL mark

30、 with granular organophilic clay. Tap the sides ofthe cylinder to level specimen. Add or remove organophilicclay until it is level with the 250-mL mark.12.1.2 Tare a 600-mL beaker on the balance. Pour theorganophilic clay specimen into the beaker and determine andrecord the mass of organophilic clay

31、, M1A, to the nearest 0.1 g.12.1.3 Using clean 500-mL graduated cylinder measure anequal volume, 250-mL, of oil.12.1.4 Transfer the oil from the graduated cylinder into thebeaker with the organophilic clay specimen and determine andrecord the total mass of organophilic clay and oil, M2A,tothenearest

32、 0.1 g.12.1.5 Determine and record the mass of open top 8-Lplastic bucket, M3A, to the nearest 0.1 g.12.1.6 Place a 0.210 mm (No. 70 mesh) sieve screen overthe 8-L plastic bucket.12.1.7 Gently blend the oil and organophilic clay specimenthroughout by hand with spatula for 2 min.12.1.8 After 24 h (65

33、 minutes) gently mix with the spatulaagain for 2 min and then spread the oil-organophilic claymixture over the 0.210-mm sieve.12.1.9 Allow the oil-organophilic clay to drain by gravityfor 24-h (65 minutes). Then remove the screen and determineand record the mass of the drained oil and bucket, M4A, t

34、o thenearest 0.1 g.12.2 Test Method BPowdered Organophilic Clay Centri-fuge Test:D8106 17212.2.1 Determine and record the mass of a 50-mL graduatedcentrifuge test container without cap and record as M1B,tothenearest 0.01 g.12.2.2 Fill the test container with 10-mL of organophilicclay. Tap the sides

35、of the test container to level specimen.Determine and record the mass of the test container andorganophilic clay specimen and record as M2B, to the nearest0.01 g.12.2.3 Add oil to the 35-mL mark on the test container.Determine and record the mass and record as M3B,tothenearest 0.01 g.12.2.4 Blend th

36、e oil and organophilic clay specimen thor-oughly by hand with spatula for 2 min then cap the testcontainer.12.2.5 After2h(65 min) of contact time, mix the organo-philic clay specimen and oil again for 30 s and cap the testcontainer.12.2.6 Place the test container into the centrifuge andmaintain the

37、centrifuge for 30 min at a constant speed whichfor the diameter head used, will exert a centrifugal force 3000(610) times the force of gravity upon the center of gravity ofthe test specimen.12.2.7 Remove cap and decant the free phase oil from thetest container with pipet. Wipe inside of test contain

38、er toremove oil adhered to inside above the solids on bottom.12.2.8 Determine and record the mass of test container(without cap) with organophilic clay specimen and sorbed oil,and record as M4B, to the nearest 0.01 g.13. Calculation or Interpretation of Results13.1 Test Method AGranular Organophilic

39、 Clay by Grav-ity Method13.1.1 Calculate the oil sorption capacity, to the nearest0.1 %, per the following equation:Oil Sorption Capacity %!5M2A2 M1A! 2 M4A2 M3A!M1A3100(1)13.2 Test Method BPowdered Organophilic Clay by Cen-trifuge Method13.2.1 Calculate the oil sorption capacity, to the nearest0.1

40、%, per the following equation:Oil Sorption Capacity %!5M4B2 M2B!M2B2 M1B!3100 (2)14. Report: Test Data Sheet14.1 The report shall include the following:14.1.1 Date(s) that the test was performed.14.1.2 Identification of the organophilic clay sample beingtested, by product name and lot number.14.1.3

41、Identification of commercial oil used in the test byproduct name, SAE or ISO viscosity classification and, ifmotor oil, API service category.14.1.4 Identification of procedure (Test Method A or B)which was performed.14.1.5 If Test Method B was performed, identification ofcentrifuge model and revolut

42、ions per minute setting during testprocedure.14.1.6 Room temperature during the procedure or tempera-ture at which the procedure was performed if it was done intemperature-controlled equipment or in a temperature-controlled chamber, in C.14.1.7 Oil sorption capacity of the organophilic clay, in %,to

43、 the nearest 0.1 %.15. Precision and Bias15.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the nature of the organophilic clay materials tested by thistest method. It is either not feasible or too costly at this time tohave ten or more laboratories participate in a round-robintesting progr

44、am.15.1.1 Subcommittee D18.21 is seeking any data from theusers of this test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.15.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.16. Keywords16.1 oil sorption capacity; organophilic

45、clay; remediationAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE DATA SHEETMETHOD AX1.1 See Fig. X1.1.D8106 173X2. EXAMPLE DATA SHEETMETHOD BX2.1 See Fig. X2.1.FIG. X1.1 Example Data SheetMethod AD8106 174ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in c

46、onnection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the resp

47、onsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carefu

48、l consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,

49、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ X2.1 Example Data SheetMethod BD8