ASTM D7385-2007 Standard Guide for Estimating Carbon Saturation by Temperature Rise upon Immersion《用浸入温度上升评估碳饱和度的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 7385 07Standard Guide forEstimating Carbon Saturation by Temperature Rise uponImmersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7385; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the measurement of the temperaturerise resulting from the heat of immersion when a known massof a specified

3、 organic liquid is added to a sample of activatedcarbon. If the carbon has been in use as an adsorbent and maytherefore be partially or fully exhausted, its degree of satura-tion may be estimated by comparing its temperature rise withthat of an unused sample of the same activated carbon.1.2 The valu

4、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf

5、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD 2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminolog

6、y3.1 Terms related to this guide are defined in TerminologyD 2652.4. Summary of Guide4.1 A measured volume of activated carbon is added to aknown volume of a selected organic liquid in a containerprovided with means to measure the liquid temperature. Theapparatus is sealed after the addition of the

7、carbon and themaximum rise in temperature is recorded. The degree ofsaturation of a used carbon is estimated by comparing itstemperature rise with that of the original unused activatedcarbon of equivalent moisture content, measured under thesame conditions. If no such reference sample is available,

8、acommercial unused activated carbon of the same physical typefrom a reputable manufacturer may be substituted; suchsubstitution should be noted in the report.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is often useful to estimate the degree of saturation,and hence the expected remaining service life, of activated

9、carbon that has been in use for some time. This guide isapplicable when such information must be obtained fairlyrapidly under field conditions without access to optimal ana-lytical instruments.36. Apparatus and Materials6.1 ApparatusThe apparatus should consist of a containersuch as a small bottle o

10、r flask to accommodate the carbon, theorganic liquid, and a thermometer or thermocouple with arange to allow for a temperature rise of up to about 30 C,graduated in intervals of 0.5 C, with facility to interpolate to60.1 C. A liquid-in-glass thermometer should not use mer-cury, because of the greate

11、r risk of breakage under fieldconditions. The container should be provided with a rubberstopper or other suitable closure to seal the contents after thecarbon has been added to the organic liquid. Appropriatecontainers include an Erlenmeyer or Florence flask of about125 to 250 mL capacity or a simil

12、ar-sized narrow-neckedbottle.6.2 MaterialsMany organic liquids that are insoluble inwater but readily soluble in other adsorbates that may alreadybe on the carbon are potentially useful. Those that have beentried include mineral oil, hexane, cyclohexane, and kerosene.Mineral oil is essentially harml

13、ess and not readily flammable,so its use does not require warnings for personnel untrained inhandling laboratory chemicals, but it has the disadvantage ofhigh viscosity, which may inhibit rapid mixing with the carbon.Mineral oil and kerosene are mixtures, not pure chemicals, sothey are best suited f

14、or comparative results when samples fromthe same batch are used. Commercial hexane is also impure,but small differences in adsorptivity among its isomers may not1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on ActivatedCarbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on G

15、as PhaseEvaluation Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summa

16、ry page onthe ASTM website.3H.W. Stone and R.O. Clinton, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed., 14, 131 (1942)1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.seriously affect the precision of the method. Cyclohexanegenerally contains fewer isom

17、ers and may be used instead.7. Procedure7.1 The procedure applies to unimpregnated activated car-bon with a moisture content not greater than about 10 percentby weight. Carbons with greater moisture content can also beused but the results may be less reproducible. In any case, thecarbon should be fr

18、ee-flowing, not agglomerated. If the carbonis taken from an adsorber with bulk water, drain the water andlet the carbon dry in air before testing it.Activated carbons thatincorporate catalysts or are especially formulated for catalyticactivity may also be used.7.2 Add about 20 6 0.1 mL of the organi

19、c liquid is placedin the container and its temperature is noted and recorded.About 10 6 1 mL of the carbon, at the same ambienttemperature, is quickly added to the liquid, which mustcompletely cover the carbon; if not, the quantities should bereadjusted as needed and the procedure repeated. The cont

20、ainerwith its thermometer or thermocouple is sealed and thecontents shaken. If the test is carried out under field conditionswhere the ambient temperature may be rapidly changing, astandby control vessel containing only the organic liquid, tomonitor such change and to provide an appropriate tempera-

21、ture, may be used. The temperature is measured every 30 suntil it reaches a maximum, which is then recorded.7.3 A parallel test should be carried out on a sample of theunused carbon taken from the same batch as the carbon undertest.8. Calculation8.1S 5Dt new Dt usedDt newx 100% (1)where:S = degree o

22、f saturation of the carbon, %Dt new = temperature rise of the unused carbonDt used = temperature rise of the used carbon9. Keywords9.1 activated carbon; carbon saturation; carbon adsorptivecapacity; spent activated carbonASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ

23、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any

24、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil

25、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST

26、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7385072