ASTM D6198-2007 Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design《运输包装设计的标准指南》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 6198 07Standard Guide forTransport Packaging Design1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers an approach to design of packagingfor distributing goods through the hazards of handling, storage,and transportation.1.2 The principal content
3、of this guide is the identificationof the key steps involved in development of transport pack-ages, including shipping containers, interior protective pack-aging, and unit loads. It is recognized that actual usage andapplication to individual design projects may vary appreciablywithout diminishing t
4、he value of the process. Consult with apackaging professional whenever needed.1.3 This guide is not intended for design of primary pack-aging unless the primary package is planned for use as ashipping container.1.4 The user of this guide must be aware of the carrier rulesregarding packaging for ship
5、ment via each mode of transpor-tation in which the transport package may move, such as theNational Motor Freight Classification (less-than truckload) andthe Uniform Freight Classification (railroad). For hazardousmaterials packaging, the packaging must perform to the re-quirements of the applicable
6、modal regulations listed in Sec-tion 2.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
7、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-tance of Shipping Containers, Components, and UnitLoadsD 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Envir
8、on-mentsD 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of ShippingContainersD 1974 Practice for Methods of Closing, Sealing, andReinforcing Fiberboard BoxesD 3332 Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility ofProducts, Using Shock MachinesD 3580 Test Methods for Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion)Test of P
9、roductsD 4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal ImpactTest for Shipping Containers and SystemsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing ofShipping ContainersD 4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packag-
10、ingsD 5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers byFree FallD 5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Con-tainers by Shock MachinesD 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesD 6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of UnitizedLoads an
11、d Large Shipping Cases and CratesD 6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to TransportPackagesD 6537 Practice for Instrumented Package Shock TestingFor Determination of Package PerformanceD 6653 Test Methods for Determining the Effects of HighAltitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method2.2 ISO
12、Standard:ISO 4180 Complete Filled Transport PackagesGeneralRules for the Compilation of Performance Test Schedules32.3 Other Documents:National Motor Freight Classification4Uniform Freight Classification, Rail Publication Service51This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packagin
13、g andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers andSystemspplication of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 6198 01e1.2For referenced ASTM standa
14、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor,
15、New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), 2200Mill Rd., Alexandria, VA 22314, http:/www.nmfta.org.5Available from Railinc, 7001 Weston Pkwy, Suite 200, Cary, NC 27513.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
16、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.International Civil Aviation Organization Technical In-structions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods byAir6IMDG Code, International Maritime Dangerous GoodsCode7IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations8United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 49,
17、Trans-portation (CFR-49)9International Safe Transit Association Procedures103. Terminology3.1 Definitions General definitions for packaging anddistribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 interior protective packagingpackaging mate
18、rials orforms used within shipping containers to protect contents fromdamage in distribution by cushioning, bracing, spacing fromcontainer walls, preventing abrasion, filling voids, and so forth.3.2.2 transport packagingpackaging for containment andprotection of goods during handling, storage, and t
19、ransporta-tion in the physical distribution process. The scope of transportpackaging includes all of industrial packaging as well as theshipping containers, interior protective packaging and unitizingrequired for consumer packages.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide assists users in design and dev
20、elopment ofpackaging intended for the protection of goods while they arein transit from point of origin to final destination. By followingall steps of this guide, users will be assured that the mostimportant factors are included in package design. In somecases, the sequence of steps may be changed,
21、and often thesteps may occur simultaneously with concurrent work activi-ties.4.2 The design process focuses on protection from hazardsof handling, storage, and shipping while recognizing theeconomics of all other facets of distribution, including pack-aging materials and labor, and transportation.4.
22、3 In transport packaging, distribution is generally definedas inclusion of handling, storage, and transportation factors.5. Procedure5.1 Introduction:5.1.1 Although no single procedure can be expected to meetall requirements for all design options, there are general areasof information that are nece
23、ssary for the design process to bemost useful. The more information in each of these areas thatcan be obtained accurately, the greater the probability ofoptimizing the final design for cost performance utility, time-liness, and environmental considerations. Other interestedparties, such as customers
24、 or end users, should be contacted forany specific package design criteria.5.1.2 The following sequence, listed in 5.2-5.12, may notalways be applicable to every design process and may bechanged to fit particular circumstances, products, markets,distribution methods, etc. Environmental hazards prese
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