ASTM D5842-2014 red 7946 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement《挥发性测量用燃料的取样和处理的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5842 04 (Reapproved 2009)D5842 14Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8.4Standard Practice forSampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5842; the number immediately following the designation indica

2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipmen

3、t for obtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples of volatile fuelsfor the purpose of testing for compliance with the standards set forth for volatility related measurements applicable to light fuels.The applicable dry vapor pressure equivalent range of this practice is 13 to 105 kPa (2 t

4、o 16 psia).1.2 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, and handling of reformulated fuels including those containingoxygenates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except in some cases where drawings may show inch-poundmeasurements which are customary for

5、 that equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2

6、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum

7、 and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)D7717 Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis2.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter

8、 8.2Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTMPractice D5854)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bottom sample

9、sample, na sample obtained from the material at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowestpoint.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn practice the term bottom sample has a variety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that the exact sampling location (forexample, 15 cm 6 in. from the bottom) shou

10、ld be specified when using this term.3.1.2 dead legslegs, nsections of pipe that, by design, do not allow for the flow of material through them.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petrol

11、eumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.08 the joint ASTM-API Committee on Sampling (API MPMS Chapter 8.0).Current edition approved July 1, 2009Jan. 15, 2014. Published November 2009January 2014. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20042009a

12、s D584204. 04 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D5842-04R09.10.1520/D5842-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websi

13、te.3 Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may

14、 not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo

15、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2.1 DiscussionDead legs are not suitable for obtaining representative samples.3.1.3 relief lineslines, nsections of pipe that lead to a pressure/vacuum relief valve.3.1.3.1 DiscussionRelief lines are not suitable for obtaining

16、 representative samples.3.1.4 stand pipespipes, nvertical sections of pipe or tubing extending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanksthat are equipped with external or internal floating roofs. Stand pipes also may be found on ships and barges.3.1.4.1 DiscussionStand pipes which are not

17、 slotted or perforated will not yield representative samples. Further information on proper stand pipedesign is given in 6.4.3.3.1.5 Other sample definitions are given in Practice D4057/API MPMS Chapter 8.1.4. Summary of Practice4.1 It is necessary that the samples be representative of the fuel in q

18、uestion. The basic principle of each sampling procedureinvolves obtaining a sample in such a manner and from such locations in the tank or other container that the sample will berepresentative of the fuel. A summary of the sampling procedures and their application is presented in Table 1. Each proce

19、dure issuitable for sampling a material under definite storage, transportation, or container conditions. The precautions required to ensurethe representative character of the samples are numerous and depend upon the tank, carrier, container, or line from which thesample is being obtained, the type a

20、nd cleanliness of the sample container, and the sampling procedure that is to be used.5. Significance and Use5.1 The dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of volatile motor fuels is regulated by federal and state air pollution controlagencies. In order to meet the letter of these regulations, it is n

21、ecessary to sample, handle, and test these products in a very precisemanner.the precise manner as prescribed in this practice.6. General Comments6.1 Sample Containers:6.1.1 Sample containers are clear or brown glass bottles, fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles, or metal cans. The clearglas

22、s bottle is advantageous because it is easily examined visually for cleanliness, and also makes visual inspection of the samplefor free water or solid impurities possible. The brown glass bottle affords some protection from light. The only cans acceptableare those with the seams soldered on the exte

23、rior surface.6.1.2 Cork stoppers, or screw caps of plastic or metal, are used for glass bottles; screw caps with inserted seals only are usedfor cans to provide a vapor-tight closure seal. Corks must be of good quality, clean, and free from holes and loose bits of cork.Never use rubber stoppers. Con

24、tact of the sample with the cork can be prevented by wrapping tin or aluminum foil around the corkTABLE 1 Summary of Gasoline Sampling Procedures andApplicabilityType of Container Procedure ParagraphStorage tanks, ship and bargetanks, tank cars, tank trucksall-levels sampling 7.2.1.2running sample 7

25、.2.1.2upper, middle and lowersamples7.2.1.2top sample 7.2.1.2grab sampling 7.5Storage tanks with taps tap sampling 7.2.2Pipes and lines line sampling 7.3automatic sampling 7.4time proportional 7.4.1flow proportional 7.4.2grab sampling 7.5Retail outlet and wholesalepurchaser-consumer facilitystorage

26、tanksnozzle sampling 7.6D5842 142before forcing it into the bottle. Screw caps must be protected by a cork disk faced with tin or aluminum foil, an inverted conepolyseal or other material that will not affect petroleum or petroleum products. The fluorinated bottles are supplied withpolypropylene scr

27、ew caps.6.1.3 Sample size is dictated by the test method to be used. One litre (32 oz) bottles or cans are generally used for manual vaporpressure testing. Some vapor pressure methods may allow a smaller sample size to be taken, such as in a 125 mL (4 oz) bottle.See Fig. 1.6.1.4 All sample container

28、s must be absolutely clean and free of foreign matter. Before reusing a container, wash it with strongsoap solution, rinse it thoroughly with tap water, and finally with distilled water. Dry completely and stopper, or cap, the containerimmediately.6.2 Sampling ApparatusSampling apparatus is describe

29、d in detail under each of the specific sampling procedures. Clean, dry,and free all sampling apparatus from any substance that might contaminate the material. If necessary, use the clean proceduredescribed in 6.4.6.3 Time and Place of Sampling : Sampling:6.3.1 Storage TanksWhen loading or dischargin

30、g fuels, take samples from both shipping and receiving tanks, and from thepipelines if required.6.3.2 Ship or Barge TanksSample each product after the vessel is loaded or just before unloading.6.3.3 Tank CarsSample the product after the car is loaded or just before unloading.NOTE 1Time, place, and o

31、ther details of sampling not covered in this practice are normally determined by contractual agreement or regulatoryrequirements.6.4 Obtaining Samples:6.4.1 Directions for sampling cannot be made explicit enough to cover all cases. Extreme care and good judgment are necessaryto ensure samples that r

32、epresent the general character and average condition of the material. Use lint-free wiping cloths to preventcontaminating samples.6.4.2 Many petroleum vapors are toxic and flammable. Avoid breathing them or igniting them from an open flame or a spark.Follow all safety precautions specific to the mat

33、erial being sampled.6.4.3 Do not sample dead legs or relief lines. Do not sample stand pipes that are not slotted or perforated. Fig. 2 is an exampleof an adequately slotted stand pipe. At a minimum, the stand pipe should have two rows of slots slightly staggered in the verticalplane.6.4.4 Rinse or

34、flush sample containers with product and allow it to drain before drawing the sample. If the sample is to betransferred to another container (for testing other than DVPE), the sampling apparatus also is rinsed with some of the product anddrained. When the sample is emptied into this container, upend

35、 the sampling apparatus into the opening of the sample container.FIG. 1 Nozzle Extension for Nozzle Sampling with 4 oz BottleD5842 1436.5 Handling Samples:6.5.1 Protect all samples of light fuels from evaporation. The sampling apparatus is the sample container for vapor pressure.Keep the container t

36、ightly closed after the sample is collected. Leaking sample containers are not suitable for testing. Cool volatilesamples to 0 to 1C (32 to 34F) after delivery to the laboratory and before opening the container. Maintain at this temperaturethroughout transfer and handling, if at all possible.6.5.2 N

37、ever completely fill a sample container. Fill the container to 70 to 80 %85 % capacity to allow adequate room forexpansion. Subsequent testing for vapor pressure requires this level of container fill.6.5.3 The first sample aliquot removed is for vapor pressure testing. The remaining sample in the co

38、ntainer is not suitable fora vapor pressure determination but is suitable for other testing.6.6 Shipping SamplesTo prevent loss of liquid and vapors during shipment, place internal seals in the metal containers, screwthe caps down tightly and check for leakage. Observe all shipping regulations apply

39、ing to the transportation of flammable liquids.6.7 Labeling Sample ContainersLabel the container immediately after a sample is obtained. Use waterproof and oilproof inkor a pencil hard enough to dent the tag, since soft pencil and ordinary ink markings are subject to obliteration from moisture,produ

40、ct, smearing, and handling. Typical label information includes the following information:6.7.1 Date and time (the period elapsed during continuous sampling),6.7.2 Name of the sample (location),6.7.3 Name or number and owner of the vessel, car, or container,6.7.4 Brand and grade of material; and6.7.5

41、 Reference symbol or identification number.6.7.6 Labeling should conform to all applicable federal, state, and local labeling regulations.7. Specific Sampling Procedures7.1 Sampling ProceduresThe standard sampling procedures described in this practice are summarized in Table 1. Alternativesampling p

42、rocedures can be used if a mutually satisfactory agreement has been reached by the party(ies) involved and suchagreement has been put in writing and signed by authorized officials.7.2 Tank Sampling:7.2.1 Bottle SamplingThe bottle sampling procedure is applicable for sampling fuels of 105 kPa (16 psi

43、a) Reid equivalentvapor pressure or less in tank cars, tank trucks, shore tanks, ship tanks, and barge tanks.7.2.1.1 ApparatusA suitable sampling bottle as shown in Fig. 3 is required. Recommended diameter of the opening in thebottle or sample thief is 19 mm (34 in.).7.2.1.2 Procedure: (a) All-level

44、s SampleLower the weighted, stoppered bottle (see Fig. 3) as near as possible to the draw-offlevel, pull out the stopper with a sharp jerk of the cord or chain and raise the bottle at a rate so that it is 70 to 85 % full as it emergesfrom the liquid.(b) Running SampleLower the stoppered container (w

45、ith a hole or slot in the stopper) at a uniform rate as near as possibleto the level of the bottom of the outlet connection or swing line and immediately raise the bottle to the top of the fuel at a rateof speed such that it is 70 to 85 % full when withdrawn from the liquid.NOTE 2Running or all-leve

46、l samples are not necessarily representative because the tank volume may not be proportional to the depth and becausethe operator may not be able to raise the sampler at the required rate.(c) Upper, Middle, and Lower SamplesLower the weighted, stoppered bottle to the proper depths (Fig. 4) as follow

47、s:upper sample middle of upper third of the tank contentsmiddle sample middle of the tank contentslower sample middle of the lower third of the tank contentsFIG. 2 Slotted Stand PipeD5842 144At the selected level, pull out the stopper with a sharp jerk of the cord or chain and allow the bottle to fi

48、ll completely, asevidenced by the cessation of air bubbles. When full, raise the bottle, pour off a small amount (15 to 30 %), and stopperimmediately.(d) Top SampleObtain this sample (Fig. 4) in the same manner as specified for an upper sample but at 150 mm (6 in.) belowthe top surface of the tank c

49、ontents.(e) HandlingCap and label bottle samples immediately after taking them, and deliver to the laboratory in the originalsampling bottles. Multiple samples must be tested individually for vapor pressure. A composite sample is acceptable for otheranalytical tests. Inverting the sample container can aid in leak detection. The sample may be placed in ice immediately for cooling,if practical.7.2.2 Tap SamplingThe tap sampling procedure is applicable for sampling liquids of 105 kPa (16 psia) DVPE, or less, in tanksthat are equipped with sui