ASTM D3134-1997(2003) Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances《颜色和光泽度偏差确定的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 3134 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forEstablishing Color and Gloss Tolerances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPermissible color and gloss deviations from a standard are generally dependent upon the colordiscrimination of the observer, on
3、 the lighting and surround in which the material is viewed, and onspecial considerations related to the design, manufacture, and practical usage of the colored materialor object. The tolerances, therefore, may be influenced by economic, technical, psychological, andpractical requirements. In many ci
4、rcumstances, acceptability of color and gloss deviations from astandard may differ appreciably from the perceptibility of deviations such as on-tone fadingpreferences, large tolerances for luminance variation, nongreen bias, or nonyellow bias. With properallowances, perceptibility data can be used a
5、s an aid to develop permissible tolerances. Finally, thesum of all these considerations should result in a specification acceptable to both buyer and seller.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for establishingtolerances and evaluating the color and gloss of specimens withrespect to speci
6、fied standards. This practice is appropriate fornonfluorescent opaque specimens.1.2 This practice does not indicate the extent of tolerances,but gives guidance on how they can be set. For productspecification, the tolerances between specimens and the speci-fied standard should be agreed upon between
7、 the purchaser andthe seller.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
8、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-temD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Colo
9、r Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens forAppearance MeasurementD 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD 5531 Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, a
10、nd Distribu-tion of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geomet-ric Appearance of CoatingsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE SystemE 312 Practice for Description and Selection of Conditionsfor Photographing SpecimensE 805 Practice fo
11、r Identification of Instrumental Methods ofColor or Color-Difference Measurement of MaterialsE 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data forObject-Color EvaluationE 1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE 1345 Practice for Reducin
12、g the Effect of Variability ofColor Measurement by Use of Multiple MeasurementsE 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional GeometryE 1360 Practice for Specifying Color by Using the OpticalSociety of America Uniform Color Scales SystemE 1499 Guide to th
13、e Selection, Evaluation, and Training ofObserversE 1541 Practice for Specifying and Matching Color Usingthe Colorcurve SystemE 1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color andAppearance Data1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct r
14、esponsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on VisualMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 3134 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 CIE Publication:No. 15.2 Colorimetry 2nd ed.
16、33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to thispractice see Terminology E 284.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of recommendations for the se-lection of a standard, the necessary physical measurements toassess the permanence of the standard to reproduce it whenn
17、eeded, and to establish tolerances.4.2 Recommendations are given for the determination of theconformance of a specimen to preestablished color and glosstolerances by instrumental or visual means.5. Significance and Use5.1 Color specifications are centered around exact positionsin color space. Corres
18、pondingly, gloss specifications are cen-tered around an exact position on the gloss scale. Because it isdifficult to achieve these exact positions repeatedly, it isnecessary to specify tolerances that are acceptable to both thebuyer and the seller. This practice details the procedure foraccomplishin
19、g this goal.6. Specimens6.1 The exact method of preparation of the specimen shallbe agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. However,for the highest precision in instrumental measurements thespecimens should be opaque, uniform in color, plane, anduniform in texture. The specimens should be
20、relatively perma-nent, and capable of being cleaned. Preferred sizes of speci-mens for visual evaluation are given in Practice D 1729, thespecific size being governed by the use of the specimens.7. Procedure7.1 Selection and Specification of Color and Gloss Stan-dard:7.1.1 Select a standard in accor
21、dance with Practice D 3964that is preferably the same type of material as the specimens tobe evaluated for color or gloss, or both. Prepare, in sufficientquantity, secondary standards in accordance with GuideD 5531 that are representative of the desired color and gloss, inthe permanent material. Sta
22、ndards should have the samespectral characteristics as the manufactured product. This isusually accomplished by use of the same colorant composition,incorporated in the same manner into the same material. Thestandard should have the same texture as the manufacturedproduct.7.1.1.1 In order to obtain
23、a permanent record, use PracticeE 805 and either Test Method E 1331 or Test Method E 1349 tocorrectly identify the instrumental measurement method. Mea-sure the color in accordance with Practices E 1164 and E 805.Report the color as described in Practice E 308. Do this even ifthe standard is texture
24、d. (If the standard is textured, note thetexture orientation during measurement.) The variability of themeasurements due to texture may be reduced by following therecommendations outlined in Practice E 1345.7.1.1.2 Visual Color AssessmentUse Guide E 1499 toselect an observer for the assessment. Asse
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