ASTM D2843-1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics《塑料燃烧或分解所产生的烟雾密度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D2843-1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics《塑料燃烧或分解所产生的烟雾密度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D2843-1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics《塑料燃烧或分解所产生的烟雾密度的标准试验方法》.pdf(9页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 2843 99 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forDensity of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition ofPlastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2843; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEEditorially changed Note
3、1 in December 2004.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a laboratoryprocedure for measuring and observing the relative amounts ofsmoke obscuration produced by the burning or decompositionof plastics. It is intended to be used for measuring thesmoke-producing characteristics of pla
4、stics under controlledconditions of combustion or decomposition. Correlation withother fire conditions is not implied. The measurements aremade in terms of the loss of light transmission through acollected volume of smoke produced under controlled, stan-dardized conditions. The apparatus is construc
5、ted so that theflame and smoke can be observed during the test.21.2 WarningDuring the course of combustion, gases orvapors, or both, are evolved that may be hazardous to person-nel. Adequate precautions should be taken to protect theoperator.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as th
6、estandard. The values given in brackets are for informationpurposes only.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describethe response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not beused to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or
7、 fire-risk ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.However, results of this test may be used as elements of afire-hazard assessment or a fire risk assessment which takesinto account all of the factors which are pertinent to anassessment of the fire hazard or fire-risk of a
8、particular enduse.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
9、se. Specific warningstatements are given in 1.2 and 9.11.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPl
10、asticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology for Fire StandardsE 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of SmokeGenerated by Solid MaterialsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 906
11、Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and ProductsE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption Colorimeter3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terminology used in this test method isin accordance with Termi
12、nologies D 883 and D 1600 (termsrelating to plastics) and Terminology E 176 (terms relating tofire).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimen is exposed to flame for the duration ofthe test, and the smoke is substantially trapped in the chamberin which combustion occurs. A 25 by 25 by 6-mm 1 by
13、 1 by14-in. specimen is placed on supporting metal screen and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties-(Section D20.30.03).Current edition approved December 1, 2004. Published January 200
14、5. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2843 - 99 (2004).2Anonymous, “A Method of Measuring Smoke Density,” NFPA Quarterly,QNFPA, Vol 57, January 1964, p. 276. Reprint NFPA Q57-9. Available from NFPA,60 Batterymarch St., Boston, MA 02110.3For referenced ASTM standa
15、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Intern
16、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.burned in a laboratory test chamber (Fig. 1) under active flameconditions using a propane burner operating at a pressure of276 kPa 40 psi. The 300 by 300 by 790-mm 12 by 12 by31-in. test chamber is instrumen
17、ted with a light source,photoelectric cell, and meter to measure light absorptionhorizontally across the 300-mm 12-in. light beam path. Thechamber is closed during the 4-min test period except for the25-m 1-in. high ventilation openings around the bottom.4.2 The light-absorption data are plotted ver
18、sus time. Atypical plot is shown in Fig. 2. Two indexes are used to rate thematerial: the maximum smoke produced and the smoke-densityrating.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on a material under conditions hereinprescribed can be of considerable value in comparing therelative smoke obscuration c
19、haracteristics of plastics.5.2 This test method serves to determine the extent to whichplastic materials are likely to smoke under conditions of activeburning and decomposition in the presence of flame.NOTE 2The visual and instrumental observations from this testcompare well with the visual observat
20、ions of the smoke generated byplastic materials when added to a freely burning large outdoor fire.45.3 The usefulness of this test procedure is in its ability tomeasure the amount of smoke obscuration produced in asimple, direct, and meaningful manner under the specifiedconditions. The degree of obs
21、curation of vision by smokegenerated by combustibles can be substantially affected bychanges in quantity and form of material, humidity, draft,temperature, and oxygen supply.6. Apparatus6.1 The smoke chamber shall be constructed essentially asshown in Fig. 1.56.1.1 Chamber:6.1.1.1 The chamber shall
22、consist of a 14-gage (B compensations shall therefore be made.NOTE 5Photocell manufacturers recommend operating the photocellat temperatures not exceeding 50C.6.1.4.4 The meter shall have two ranges. The range changeshall be accomplished by shunting the meter to one tenth of itssensitivity. When smo
23、ke accumulates to absorb 90 percent ofthe light beam, a momentary switch shall be depressed return-ing the meter to its basic sensitivity. By doing this the meterscale will then read from 90 to 100 % instead of 0 to 100 %.6.1.5 Timing DeviceA clock to indicate 15-s intervalsshall be used. If the tim
24、e intervals are audibly marked it will beconvenient for the operator to record his observations. A clutchshall be used to reset the clock at the start of a test. The blockshall be coupled to the burner-positioning device and it shallstart when the burner is swung into test position.6.1.6 PlanimeterA
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