ASTM D2000-2012(2017) Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications《机动车应用橡胶产品的标准分类体系》.pdf

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1、Designation: D2000 12 (Reapproved 2017) Approved bySociety of Automotive EngineersSAE Recommended Practice J200Standard Classification System forRubber Products in Automotive Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2000; the number immediately following the designation indi

2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of

3、 the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This classification system covers the properties of vul-canized rubber materials (natural rubber, reclaimed rubber,synthetic rubbers, alone or in combination) that are intendedfor, but not limited to, use in rubber products for automotiveapplications.NOTE

4、1This classification system may serve many of the needs ofother industries in much the same manner as SAE numbered steels. It mustbe remembered, however, that this system is subject to revision whenrequired by automotive needs. It is recommended that the latest revisionalways be used.1.2 This classi

5、fication system is based on the premise thatthe properties of all rubber products can be arranged intocharacteristic material designations. These designations aredetermined by types, based on resistance to heat aging, andclasses, based on resistance to swelling in oil. Basic levels arethus establish

6、ed which, together with values describing addi-tional requirements, permit complete description of the qualityof all elastomeric materials.1.3 In all cases where the provisions of this classificationsystem would conflict with those of the detailed specificationsfor a particular product, the latter s

7、hall take precedence.NOTE 2When the rubber product is to be used for purposes where therequirements are too specific to be completely prescribed by this classi-fication system, it is necessary for the purchaser to consult the supplier inadvance, to establish the appropriate properties, test methods,

8、 and speci-fication test limits.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International St

9、andards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD429 Test

10、Methods for Rubber PropertyAdhesion toRigid SubstratesD430 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationDynamicFatigueD471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD624 Test Method for Tear Str

11、ength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD865 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heating inAir (Test Tube Enclosure)D925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Sur-faces (Contact, Migration, and Diffusion)D945 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Compression orS

12、hear (Mechanical Oscillograph)D1053 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStiffening atLow Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1171 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking Outdoors (Triang

13、ular Specimens)D1329 Test Method for Evaluating Rubber PropertyRetraction at Lower Temperatures (TR Test)D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclature1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 onRubbe

14、r and Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD11.30 on Classification of Rubber Compounds.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2000 12. DOI: 10.1520/D2000-12R17.2For referenced

15、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho

16、hocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Orga

17、nization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsD5964 Practice for

18、Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2,ASTM No. 3 Oils, and IRM 905 formerly ASTM No. 5Oil3. Purpose3.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provideguidance to the engineer in the selection of practical, commer-cially available rubber materials, an

19、d further to provide amethod for specifying these materials by the use of a simple“line call-out” designation.3.2 This classification system was developed to permit theaddition of descriptive values for future rubber materialswithout complete reorganization of the classification systemand to facilit

20、ate the incorporation of future new test methods tokeep pace with changing industry requirements.4. Type and Class4.1 The prefix letter “M” shall be used to indicate that theclassification system is based on SI units.NOTE 3Call outs not prefixed by the letter M refer to an earlierclassification syst

21、em based on inch-pound units. This was published ineditions up to 1980.4.2 Rubber materials shall be designated on the basis of type(heat resistance) and class (oil resistance). Type and class areindicated by letter designations as shown in Table 1 and Table2 and illustrated in 9.1.4.3 Type is based

22、 on changes in tensile strength of not morethan 630 %, elongation of not more than 50 %, and hard-ness of not more than 615 points after heat aging for 70 h atan appropriate temperature. The temperatures at which thesematerials shall be tested for determining type are listed in Table1.4.4 Class is b

23、ased on the resistance of the material toswelling in IRM 903 Oil (most tables were originally devel-oped using ASTM Oil No. 3) after 70-h immersion at atemperature determined from Table 1, except that a maximumtemperature of 150C (the upper limit of oil stability) shall beused. Limits of swelling fo

24、r each class are shown in Table 2.4.4.1 ASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils have beenreplaced by IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils, respectively, underTABLE 1 Basic Requirements for Establishing Type byTemperatureType Test Temperature, CA70B 100C 125D 150E 175F 200G 225H 250J 275K 300TABLE 2 Basic Requiremen

25、ts for Establishing Class by VolumeSwellClass Volume Swell, max, %A no requirementB 140C 120D 100E80F6G4H3J2K10TABLE 3 Meaning of Suffix LettersSuffix Letter Test RequiredA Heat ResistanceB Compression SetC Ozone or Weather ResistanceD Compression-Deflection ResistanceEA Fluid Resistance (Aqueous)EF

26、 Fluid Resistance (Fuels)EO Fluid Resistance (Oils and Lubricants)F Low-Temperature ResistanceG Tear ResistanceH Flex ResistanceJ Abrasion ResistanceK AdhesionM Flammability ResistanceN Impact ResistanceP Staining ResistanceR ResilienceZ Any special requirement, which shall be specified in detailTAB

27、LE 4 Suffix Numbers to Indicate Temperature of TestApplicable Suffix RequirementsSecond SuffixNumberTestTemperature,CAA, B, C, EA, EF, EO, G, 11 275K 10 2509 2258 2007 1756 1505 1254 1003702381230BF12203 104 185 256 357 408 509 5510 6511 7512 80AThese test temperatures are based on Practice D1349.BA

28、mbient temperature in the case of outdoor testing.D2000 12 (2017)2Practice D5964. These oils are similar but not identical toASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils.4.4.2 Substitutability of IRM 901, 902, and 903 Oils forASTM No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 Oils has not been established,as their swelling characte

29、ristics are different and may affectcompound classification.NOTE 4The selection of type based on heat resistance is understood tobe indicative of the inherent heat resistance that can be normally expectedfrom commercial compositions. Likewise, choice of class is based on therange of volume swell nor

30、mally expected from such commercial compo-sitions as established by type. The fact that a type and class of material islisted in Table 6, under Basic Requirements, indicates that materials thatmeet these requirements for heat and oil resistance are commerciallyavailable.4.5 The letter designations s

31、hall always be followed by athree-digit number to specify the hardness and the tensilestrengthfor example, 505. The first digit indicates durometerhardness, Type A, for example, 5 for 50 6 5, 6 for 60 6 5. Thenext two digits indicate the minimum tensile strengthforexample, 05 for 5 MPa, 14 for 14 MP

32、a. Correlation ofavailable materials for desired hardness and tensile strength isobtained through the elongation values in Table 6. See 7.2.5. Grade Numbers, Suffix Letters, and Number5.1 Grade NumbersSince the basic requirements do notalways describe sufficiently all the necessary qualities, provi-

33、sion is made for deviation or adding requirements through asystem of prefix grade numbers. Grade No. 1 indicates thatonly the basic requirements are compulsory, and no suffixrequirements are permitted. Grades other than No. 1 are usedfor expressing deviation or additional requirements and arelisted

34、as “Available Suffix Grade Numbers” in the last columnunder Basic Requirements in Table 6. A grade number iswritten as a material prefix number preceding the letters fortype and class (see 9.1). Grade No. 1 is always an availablesuffix grade number, and thus is not referenced in the lastcolumn of ea

35、ch basic requirement table.5.2 Suffx LettersThe suffix letters that may be used,together with their meaning, appear in Table 3.5.3 Suffx NumbersEach suffix letter should preferably befollowed by two suffix numbers (see Note 6 in 8.1). The firstsuffx number always indicates the test method; time of t

36、est ispart of the method and is taken from the listings in Table 5. Thesecond suffx number, if used, always indicates the temperatureof test and is taken from Table 4. Where three-digit numbersare required, they are separated by a dashfor example: 10;B410; F111.6. Composition and Manufacture6.1 This

37、 classification system is predicated upon materialsfurnished under a specification based thereon being manufac-tured from natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber,alone or in combination, together with added compoundingingredients of such nature and quantity as to produce vulcani-zates tha

38、t comply with the specified requirements.All materialsand workmanship shall be in accordance with good commer-cial practice, and the resulting product shall be free of porousareas, weak sections, bubbles, foreign matter, or other defectsaffecting serviceability.6.2 ColorWith the exception of FC, FE,

39、 FK, and GEmaterials, the values in the material tables are based on blackcompounds and comparable values may not be available incolor.7. Basic Requirements7.1 The basic requirements for physical properties specifiedin Table 63are based on values obtained from standardlaboratory test specimens prepa

40、red and tested in accordancewith the applicable ASTM test methods. Test results fromspecimens prepared from finished products may not duplicatevalues obtained from standard test specimens.NOTE 5When standard test specimens are cut from finished parts inaccordance with Practice D3183, a deviation to

41、the extent of 10 % (ontensile strength and elongation values only) is permissible when agreedupon by the purchaser and the supplier. This deviation is permissible onlybecause of the recognized effects of knitting, grain, and buffing on thematerial when test specimens are prepared from finished parts

42、 and testedfor tensile strength and elongation. When differences due to the method ofprocessing or to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test specimens from thefinished part arise, the purchaser and the supplier may agree on acceptabledeviations. This can be done by comparing results of standard t

43、estspecimens with those obtained on actual parts.7.2 The available materials are listed in the appropriatematerial section of the table, giving each hardness and tensilestrength with its appropriate elongation value. Also, there is arepetition of the values for the basic heat and oil agingrequiremen

44、ts for the material resulting from the assignment oftype and class. In addition, values for compression set, nor-mally a basic requirement to ensure proper vulcanization, arespecified.7.3 Unless a suffix requirement is used to override anexisting basic requirement, the basic requirement applies.8. S

45、uffix Requirements8.1 Suffix requirements shall be specified only as needed todefine qualities necessary to meet service requirements. Thesesuffix requirements are set forth for the various grade numbers.Suffix letters and suffix numbers describing these suffix re-quirements may be used singly or in

46、 combination, but not allsuffx values available for a given material need be specified.NOTE 6Examples of the use of suffix letters and numbers would beA14 and EO34. Suffix A (Table 3) stands for heat resistance, Suffix 1(Table 5) specifies that the test be run in accordance with Test MethodD573 for

47、70 h, and Suffix 4 (Table 4) indicates the temperature of test as100C. Similarly, Suffix EO34 indicates resistance in IRM 903 Oil inaccordance with Test Method D471 for 70 h at 100C.8.2 Basic requirements are always in effect, unless super-seded by specific suffix requirements in the “line call-out.

48、”8.3 Use of Test Methods D1053 as a Suffix Requirement:When specifying an F2 or F6 requirement, the line specifica-tion must define which T-values are required, along with the3Tensile values are shown as pounds per square inch in Table 6 for informationonly.D2000 12 (2017)3TABLE 5 ASTM Test MethodsB

49、asic Requirementsand First Suffix No.Basic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Requirement orSuffix LetterTensile Strength,ElongationD412,die C. . . . . . . . .Durometer Hardness,Type AD2240 . . . . . . . . .Suffix A, Heat Resis-tance. D573,70h D865,70h D865, 168 h D573, 168 h D573,1000 hD865,1000 h. . .Suffix B, CompressionSet, Standard TestSpecimen Cut from aSlab. D395,22h,Method B,solidD395,70h,Method B,solidD395,22h,Method B,pliedD395,70h,Method B,pliedD395,1000 h,Method B,solidD395,1000 h,Method B,plied. . .Suffix C, Ozone orWeather Resista