[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷214及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语模拟试卷 214及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The federal entity created by the Constitution is by far the dominant feature of the American governmental system. (1)_ the system

2、itself is in reality a mosaic, (2)_ of thousands of smaller units building blocks which together (3)_ the whole. There are 50 state governments (4)_ the government of the District of Columbia, and further down the ladder are still smaller units, (5)_ counties, cities, towns and villages. This (6)_ o

3、f governmental units is best understood (7)_ the evolution of the United States. The federal system, it has been seen, was the last step in the (8)_ process. Prior to its creation, there were the governments of the (9)_ colonies (later states) and prior to (10)_, the governments of counties and smal

4、ler units. One of the first tasks (11)_ by the early English settlers was the creation of governmental units for the tiny (12)_ they established along the Atlantic coast. Even before the Pilgrims disembarked (13)_ their ship in 1620, they (14)_ the Mayflower Compact, the first written American const

5、itution. And as the new nation pushed (15)_ each frontier outpost created its own government to manage its affairs. The drafters of the U.S. Constitution left this multilayered governmental system (16)_. While they made the national structure supreme, they wisely (17)_ the need for a series of gover

6、nments more directly in (18)_ with the people and more keenly attuned(合拍 ) to their needs. Thus, certain (19)_ such as defense, currency regulation and foreign relations could only be managed by a strong centralized government. But (20)_ such as sanitation, education and local transportationbelong m

7、ainly to local jurisdictions(管辖权 ). （ A） Therefore （ B） Eventually （ C） But （ D） Presumably （ A） comprised （ B） consisted （ C） constituted （ D） composed （ A） take up （ B） occupy （ C） make up （ D） crowd into （ A） including （ B） among （ C） plus （ D） excepting （ A） governing （ B） such as （ C） for examp

8、le （ D） like （ A） multiplicity （ B） multiplication （ C） qualification （ D） reference （ A） in terms of （ B） concerning （ C） in view of （ D） given （ A） revolutionary （ B） evolutionary （ C） development （ D） preliminary （ A） separate （ B） independent （ C） individual （ D） federal （ A） it （ B） that （ C） t

9、hose （ D） which （ A） made （ B） execute （ C） discharge （ D） accomplished （ A） villages （ B） settlements （ C） places （ D） units （ A） in （ B） at （ C） from （ D） units （ A） wrote （ B） suggested （ C） implicated （ D） formulated （ A） westward （ B） forward （ C） downward （ D） southward （ A） intuitive （ B） unf

10、inished （ C） untouched （ D） unfavorable （ A） found （ B） recorded （ C） entered （ D） recognized （ A） line （ B） contact （ C） harmony （ D） connection （ A） functions （ B） policies （ C） obligations （ D） topics （ A） others （ B） needs （ C） for （ D） any Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answe

11、r the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 The moral high ground has always been female territory. Men, after all, lie and cheat and rob and pollute the environment and disproportionately populate the prisons, while women do their best to appreciate their good qualities

12、. Some women, at least. But with the rise of feminism, the assaults on mens moral probity have become more frequent, and the belief in their arrogance and lack of concern for anything but their own selfish ends has become a truism. Its the men who are greedy. Its the men who are disloyal. Its the me

13、n who will do anything for money. Its the men who are immature. In the world of sport, pouty male athletes are Whipping boys of talk radio. They have graced the cover of Sports Illustrate, and on the inside have been vilified for a litany d sins, among them greed, disdain for the fans who pay their

14、exorbitant salaries, and a lack of respect for the game that the fans love and that has made them rich. Female athletes, on the other hand, have been placed on a pedestal but it has been a pretty easy one to climb. For one thing, there hasnt been enough money to get greedy about. For another, there

15、havent been any fans. And for third, those who didnt love the game had absolutely no reason to keep playing. But thanks to the rise of womens basketball, female basketball players are going to find themselves tempted by the same vanities that have seduced so many men- and though we know some will gi

16、ve in, we dont know how many. For womens basketball to become a major sport in America, as opposed to a profitable one like arena football, something is going to be offered other than just pure skill. That something should be, and if fact will have to be, a different attitude, a purer sense of sport

17、, than the men deliver. It may be asking too much of women to withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses, but then again it may be true that women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because they actually are more sensitive to whats important in the l

18、ong run. I honestly dont know how this drama will play out, but the process will tell us about more than just the fate of womens basketball. If women, who are steadily gaining more and more control in this world, can truly respond in a more reasoned way to the pull of power, then there is hope for t

19、he 21st century. But if women, as a gender, can do no hatter than men when given the chance, then in basketball as in life, we can only look ahead to more of the same. 21 The moral high ground has always been female territory because_. （ A） men do evil things, while women do their best to appreciate

20、 their qualities （ B） the heavy burden of life forces men to be cunning and worldly, while women only need to enjoy the life （ C） men arent as good as women （ D） men dont think that the moral is important 22 Female athletes keep playing in order to_. （ A） earn enough money to make a living （ B） beco

21、me famous people （ C） defeat men athletes （ D） do something interesting 23 Women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because_. （ A） they are more sensible to whats wrong than men （ B） they are more sensitive to whats important in the long run than men （ C） they are more sagacious to wron

22、gdoings than men （ D） they are more intelligent than men in some areas 24 According to the article, does the author think that female athletes will withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses? （ A） Yes. （ B） No. （ C） Some will. （ D） None of the above. 25 There is

23、hope for the 21st century, if_. （ A） women can overcome men entirely （ B） women can control the world absolutely （ C） women can truly respond in a more reasoned way to the pull of power （ D） women can shoulder the fate of human beings 26 Prolonged and excessive use of alcohol can seriously undermine

24、 an individuals health. Physical deterioration occurs. Large quantities of alcohol can directly damage body tissue and indirectly cause malnutrition. Nutritional deficiencies can result for several reasons. Alcohol contains empty calories, which have no significant nutritive value. When consumed in

25、substantial amounts, alcohol curbs ones appetite for more wholesome foods. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the proper digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, even the heavy drinker who does eat a well-balanced diet is deprived of me essential nutrients. Maintenance of a drinking hab

26、it can deplete economic resources otherwise available for buying good, wholesome food. Malnutrition itself further reduces the bodys ability to utilize the nutrients consumed. The result of damaged tissue and malnutrition can be brain injury, heart disease, diabetes, or cancer of the liver, and weak

27、ened muscle tissue. Untreated alcoholism can reduce ones life span by ten to twelve years. Heavy alcohol consumption also affects the bodys usage of other drugs and medications. The dosages required by excessive drinkers may differ from those required by normal or non-drinkers. Serious consequences

28、can be incurred unless the prescribing physician is aware of the patients drinking habits. Sudden death may result from excessive drinking. It might occur when the individual has ingested such a large amount of alcohol that the brain center controlling breathing and heart action is adversely affecte

29、d, or when taking some other drugs, particularly sleep preparations along with alcohol. Death, as a result of excessive drinking, can come during an automobile accident since half of all fatal traffic accidents involve the use of alcohol. Many self-inflicted deaths, as well as homicides, involve the

30、 use of alcohol. It is important to remember that alcohol is a drug that is potentially addictive. Once the user is hooked on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms occur when it is not sufficiently available to body cells. At the onset of developing alcohol addiction, these symptoms may be relatively mild an

31、d include hand tremors, anxiety, nausea, and sweating. As dependency increases, so does the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the need for medical assistance to cope with it. In 1956 the American Medical Association supported the growing acceptance of alcoholism as an illness, falling under th

32、e treatment jurisdiction of the medical profession. Since then, the medical resources for problems of acute and chronic intoxication have increased and improved. 26 To develop his point, the author has used_. （ A） sensory words （ B） convincing arguments （ C） scientific facts （ D） figures of speech 2

33、7 Which of the following statements is false? （ A） Heavy drinkers are in poverty. （ B） Heavy drinkers are likely to die suddenly. （ C） Physicians should know about seine of their patients habits. （ D） Heavy drinkers usually live shorter than ordinary people. 28 Heavy alcohol consumption leads to_. （

34、 A） depriving people of their appetite （ B） disturbing peoples digestion systems （ C） lacking of money to buy wholesome food sometimes （ D） making people thinner and thinner 29 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Alcoholism can be treated as other illnesses. （ B） Intoxication is prohibited b

35、y law. （ C） Excessive drinking results in criminal behavior. （ D） People are fully aware of the serious consequences of heavy alcohol consumption. 30 Physical dependence on alcohol results from_. （ A） drinking it excessively over long time （ B） using it quantitatively for medical care for a long per

36、iod （ C） consuming it exclusively on social occasions （ D） applying it carelessly to unpleasant symptoms 31 Technologists arent usually known for their sense of humor, but last week Scott McNealy, chief executive of Sun Microsystems, was working hard to come up with the Quip of the Day. For four con

37、tentious hours, he and another casualty of the software wars, Netscapes Jim Barksdale, took turns before the Senate Judiciary committee slamming their nemesis, Bill Gates. They called him a predator, a monopolist, the “most dangerous and powerful industrialist of our age!. Microsofts Windows operati

38、ng systems, driving 90 percent of the computers across the land, are the railroads of our dawning Information Age. No one person should be allowed to control them, they argued. Cyberspace should be open to all, Gates insisted it still was. Hes no monopolist, he told the senators. Windows is vulnerab

39、le. So is his company. “Technology is ever-changing“, Gates retorted. Who knows what new wave will come along and sweep even mighty Microsoft into the dustbin of history? To many that sounded a bit disingenuous, given Microsofts dominance, and the lawmakers were skeptical, to say the least. But migh

40、t Gates be right? Last weeks other big tech news gave just such a hint. First, Intel announced a surprise drop in first-quarter earnings. That was followed late Friday by report that Compaqs financials would also be disappointing. Demand for computers seems to be slowing, analyst suggested a trend d

41、ue in part to a range of short-term factors, including Asias economic crisis. “I dont think we have clear date either as a company or an industry as to what these numbers mean“, says Intel spokesman Howard High, True enough. But the slowdown is a sharp reminder that consumer demand for computers has

42、 fallen short of the hype surrounding the Info Revolution. Three years ago, 31 percent of U.S. house holds owned a computer. Today, 40 percent do. “We should be at 60 to 65 percent“, says Nick Donatiello, president of Odyssey Communications, a San Francisco market-research firm. For most Americans,

43、he suggests, the personal computer is not yet the indispensable tool that digital enthusiasts think it is. Today, new products are coming out that resemble computers but arent, and they may eventually appeal to frustrated consumers more than hard-to-use PCs. The computer “is a technology-driven devi

44、ce made by technologists for technologists who dont know any better“, says Donald Norman, senior technical adviser to Hewlett Packard. At the same time, new alliances between companies and industries are aiming to dash in on the Internet of tomorrow without partnering with the titans of today. If al

45、l this poses a challenge for Intel, it portends even greater difficulties for Microsoft. All the challenges and threats pose a compelling question: if Microsoft enjoys the monopoly critics say it has, how long will it last? 31 Scott McNealy and Jim Barksdale slammed Bill Gates for_. （ A） monopolizin

46、g the software market （ B） monopolizing the hardware market （ C） 90 percent of the computers using Windows （ D） his most dangerous and powerful industry of our age 32 According to Nick Donatiello, President of Odyssey Communications, the personal computer_. （ A） is a necessity （ B） is a dispensable

47、tool （ C） is an indispensable tool （ D） is nothing but a videogame player 33 According to the passage, it can be inferred that_. （ A） Bill Gates is a monopolist （ B） Bill Gates is complacent （ C） Bill Gates is worried about the future of Microsoft （ D） Bill Gates wont ally with other companies excep

48、t Intel 34 Whats implied in the sentence “The computer is a technology-driven device made by technologists for technologists who dont know any better“? （ A） Its hard to define the computer. （ B） Technologists dont know much about the computer. （ C） Technology is ever changing. （ D） The computer is h

49、ard to use. 35 What is the authors attitude toward Bill Gates point of view concerning the future of Microsoft? （ A） Approval. （ B） Skeptical. （ C） Opposed. （ D） Critical. 36 Machines and foreign competition will replace millions of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people trained in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United