[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷22及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Many parents are concerned that their children do not consume the proper foods they need to stay strong and healthy. The truth is children can be picky eaters. Some children will go through stages where they will refuse to eat anything other than a

2、favorite food, while other children will try new foods, but do not take to them. Childrens vitamins are available to parents who want to ensure their children are receiving the necessary nutrients he or she needs to grow strong and healthy. Even parents who have children who eat well are supplementi

3、ng their childrens diet with vitamins. The fact is the earths soil is rapidly being depleted of nutrients, and the rigors of food processing also leave many foods deficient in vitamins and minerals. Childrens vitamins are packaged in such a way that they are attractive to children. Most childrens vi

4、tamins come in colorful and fun shapes. Many manufacturers of childrens vitamins are packaging their vitamins in lollipop, gum ball and gummy bear varieties. Because these vitamins resemble candy, it is important that you keep them away from a childs reach and that you monitor their intake. If you f

5、ind your child has taken extra vitamins, you should consult their pediatrician or your local poison control center. There are instances when a pediatrician will prescribe vitamins for a child. If a child has a vitamin deficiency, does not have access to fluoridated water, or has anemia or other illn

6、ess or disease, vitamin supplements may be prescribed for a child. However, in general, many pediatricians believe that children do not need vitamin supplements if they are being fed properly. They feel that children can receive all the vitamins and minerals they need if they eat according to the Fo

7、od Pyramid. Consult with your childs pediatrician before starting them on a vitamin. Vitamins are supplements and not replacements. Childrens vitamin supplements should never be looked upon as a replacement for healthy eating. Encourage your child to eat the foods they need, and do things to make nu

8、trition fun and flavorful for them. For instance, letting children add grated cheese to their vegetables will make some children more interested in eating them. Allowing a child to drink calcium fortified orange juice over milk works well for a child who does not like milk. Let your child participat

9、e in making a vegetable pizza, or let them pick out fruit at a market and place it in their own special area at home. All of these tips can go a long way in helping a picky eaters overcome their fears so they consume the vitamins they need. (435 words) 1 “. . . but do not take to them“ (Line 4, Para

10、. 1) is closest in meaning to_. （ A） they dont eat them （ B） they have no interest in them （ C） they dont eat them in other places （ D） they eat them only when asked 2 What statement of the following can NOT be true according to the passage? （ A） Every child is encouraged to supplement with vitamins

11、. （ B） Not every child needs supplements of vitamins. （ C） A pediatrician is a doctor who gives medical treatments to children. （ D） Children like to take in vitamins which are made in a funny form. 3 The reasons for vitamin supplements include all the following EXCEPT that （ A） foods from the soil

12、are lack of vitamins nowadays （ B） processed foods tend to lose vitamins in making process （ C） unbalanced food cant keep children in good shape （ D） some elements of vitamin can never been obtained from natural foods 4 What is the function of the last paragraph? （ A） Teaching parents how to cook nu

13、tritious foods. （ B） Teaching parents how to let their children participate in housework. （ C） Teaching parents how to prepared tempting foods for children. （ D） Teaching parents how to help children take to vitamin foods. 5 Who are the possible readers of this passage? （ A） Readers in general. （ B）

14、 Parents. （ C） Pediatricians. （ D） Teachers in the kindergarten. 5 It is not easy to write a familiar style. Many people mistake a familiar for a vulgar style, and suppose that to write without affectation is to write at random. On the contrary, there is nothing that requires more precision, and, if

15、 I may so say, purity of expression, than the style I am speaking of. It utterly rejects not only all unmeaning pomp, but all low, cant phrases, and loose, unconnected slipshod allusions. It is not to take the first word that offers, but the best word in common use; it is not to throw words together

16、 in any combinations we please, but to follow and avail ourselves of the true idiom of the language. To write a genuine familiar or truly English style is to write as anyone would speak in common conversation who had a thorough command and choice of words, or who could discourse with ease, force, an

17、d perspicuity, setting aside all pedantic and oratorical flourishes. Or, to give another illustration, to write naturally is the same thing in regard to common conversation as to read naturally is in regard to common speech. It does not follow that it is an easy thing to give the true accent and inf

18、lection to the words you utter, because you do not attempt to rise above the level of ordinary life and colloquial speaking. You do not assume, indeed, the solemnity of the pulpit, or the tone of stage declamation; neither are you at liberty to gabble on at a venture, without emphasis or discretion,

19、 or to resort to vulgar dialect or clownish pronunciation. You must steer a middle course. You are tied down to a given appropriate articulation, which is determined by the habitual associations between sense and sound, and which you can only hit by entering into the authors meaning, as you must fin

20、d the proper words and style to express yourself by fixing your thoughts on the subject you have to write about. Anyone may mouth out a passage with a theatrical cadence, or get upon stilts to tell his thoughts; but to write or speak with propriety and simplicity is a more difficult task. Thus it is

21、 easy to affect a pompous style, to use a word twice as big as the thing you want to express: it is not so easy to pitch upon the very word that exactly fits it. Out of eight or ten words equally common, equally intelligible, with nearly equal pretensions, it is a matter of some nicety and discrimin

22、ation to pick out the very one the preferableness of which is scarcely perceptible, but decisive. (435 words) 6 The passage intends to prove that_. （ A） one should be permitted to speak in any way he wishes to （ B） if you can write at random, your writing should be good （ C） it is easier to write po

23、mpously than simply （ D） the preacher is a model of good speech 7 ff we were to break this selection up into two paragraphs, the second paragraph would best start with_. （ A） It is not to take the first word. . . （ B） To write a genuine familiar. . . （ C） It does not follow that. . . （ D） You do not

24、 assume. . . 8 When the writer says, you must steer a middle course,“ he means that_. （ A） you should speak neither too loudly nor too softly （ B） you should speak neither too formally nor too colloquially （ C） you should write as well as speak （ D） you should not come to any definite conclusion abo

25、ut what is proper or not proper in speech 9 The author mentions all of the following as important to a good speech EXCEPT （ A） good command of English vocabulary （ B） the careful selection of words used （ C） the use of allusions and metaphors （ D） straightforward and precise delivery 10 The author （

26、 A） is critical of the person who converses in a manner which is easy to understand （ B） implies that English is difficult to learn （ C） feels that there is no relationship between the sound of a word and its meaning （ D） criticizes pomposity of style more than vulgarity of style 10 The majority of

27、successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision. Rather in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely te

28、rmed “intuition“ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intui

29、tion. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these.

30、Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least four distinct ways. First, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A second

31、function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!“ experience. Third, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models an

32、d tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a pla

33、usible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking“ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know“ what is right b

34、efore they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting an

35、d analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implic

36、ation of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem not just of implementing the solution. (437 words) 11 What does “senior“ (Line 1, Para. 1) mean? （ A） Old. （ B） Experienced. （ C） High-ranking. （ D） Shrewd. 12 Which of the following is most probably to be the major

37、 difference in using tuition between Manager X and Manager Y? （ A） Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not. （ B） Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not. （ C） Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem

38、; Manager Y does not. （ D） Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not. 13 What statement does the passage support? （ A） Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis. （ B） Managers canno

39、t justify their intuitive decisions. （ C） Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills. （ D） Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently. 14 Which of the following can best describe the first paragraph? （ A） An assertion is made and a

40、 specific supporting example is given. （ B） A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced. （ C） The results of recent research are introduced and summarized. （ D） Two oppos to points of view are presented and evaluated. 15 According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in

41、all of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） clarifying goals （ B） bringing together disparate facts （ C） checking on the results （ D） bypassing in-depth analysis 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 22答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 take to是 “喜欢 ”之意。此句的意思是 “尽管他们不喜欢这种食品 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】

42、 通过第四段第三句我们可以得知，只要孩子不偏食，是无需补维生素的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 A、 B和 C的内容在文章里都能找到， D项与第四段结尾处相反。医生认为孩子如果不偏食，是不会 缺乏维他命的，这说明自然食物能满足人的需要。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正 确答案】 D 【试题解析】 D项较为全面地概括了具体做法。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 由于文章开头提到了 “很多妈妈 ”以及第二段中的 “父母 ”，所以我们认为该文是写给父母的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】

43、 文章一开始就指出通俗风格的文章难写。通俗并不是庸俗，不是随意写，文章要表达清晰，词汇要 用得得体、自然流畅，不落俗套。对于说话也是如此，必须恰到好处。总之，恰当而简洁的写作和说话 都 很难。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 It does not follow that 是一种承上启下句型。上面重点叙述的是写作，下面重点叙述的是说话， 可见如果文章分成两个段落，第二段的启示句应为 C。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章第九句：说话不能带有宗教传教般的肃穆或舞台腔，也不能使用庸俗的方言或小丑般的语音。这就人们说话要适当，故选 B。 【

44、知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 C 【试题 解析】 文章第四句提到，文体不仅仅不能无意义地浮夸，而且也不能用低晦涩的词汇、松散不连贯的比喻。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 参考第一个解释。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 根据上下文的意思，取 C“高级的 ”为妥。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 直觉型经理的内涵之一就是把思考和行动紧密联系起来，所以他们通常采取先行动后解释的方法。参考第 四段特别是第二句后半部分。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 A、 B和 C项的内容文章里都没有提到过， D项的内容在第三段第四句： “直觉并不是随心所欲的、无理智的，而是来自于常年的努力实践 ”，所以直觉能使经理们更有效地利用实际经验，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 B项中的 conventional等同于第一行里的 classical，从第一段第二句后半部分可以看出文章将引出新的模式。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 根据文章第一段的介绍， “首先明确目标 ”属于古典型模式，所以不属于新型模式。反过来看， B、 C和 D项在第三段都能找到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解