[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷20及答案与解析.doc
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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns. Although it is true that many people carry guns leg
2、ally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty. Although
3、most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture. Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect t
4、heir animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association(NRA)was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has
5、 great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms“. They believe that gun control laws will not
6、 solve the problem of crime and violence in America. Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fir
7、e upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings. The day may not be far off when America
8、will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession. 2 Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotion
9、s, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of
10、 their society, though heredity(遗传 )may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions. Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional beh
11、avior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressur
12、e. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their bodys internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observ
13、ed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotionsfear, anger, and love. Watsons view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919. The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters a
14、n important event or thought. The persons interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feelin
15、g is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away. Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic e-motions. These emotionswhich
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