[外语类试卷]大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷263及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 263及答案与解析 Section A 0 Drought, tsunami, violent crime, financial meltdown the world is full of risks. The poor are often most【 C1】 _ to their effects. Instead of【 C2】 _ responding to crises, aid workers and policymakers should anticipate and help to guard against such rare and【 C3
2、】 _ disastrous events. After the world suffered major crises in 2008, the concept of risk management has gained【 C4】 _ in international development. The links between risk, livelihoods and poverty are all too clear. Mounting evidence shows that【 C5】 _ shocksabove all, health and weather shocks and e
3、conomic crises play a major role in pushing households below the poverty line and keeping them there. But forward-thinking interventions can help【 C6】 _ the costs of future shocks. Bangladesh offers a good example. In 1970, a large typhoon caused 300,000 deaths in Bangladesh. In 2007, a typhoon of t
4、he same【 C7】 _ and strength caused only 4,000 deaths. The reason for the change was that the country had built a number of shelters. It went from having only 12 shelters in 1970 to having 2,500 in 2007. It also had a system of warning the population and a system of【 C8】 _ these events. But risk mana
5、gement isnt just about lessening the effects of crises; it can also help people get ahead. Farmers in Ghana and India who had access to rainfall insurance were more likely to【 C9】 _ in fertilizer, seeds, and other farming inputs, the report said, instead of sitting on their money to guard against po
6、tential future shocks. Several recent studies have predicted that extreme events will become more common. If we fail to anticipate and plan for those events, then we could【 C10】 _ giving up many of the development gains made over the past few decades. A) forecasting B) prominence C) optimum D) vulne
7、rable E) guidelines F) motivate G) simply H) risk I) adverse J) invest K) offset L) paralyzing M) potentially N) primarily O) characteristics 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Secret E-Scores A Americans are obsessed with their scores. Cre
8、dit scores, G.P.A.s, SATs, blood pressure and cholesterol (胆固醇 ) levels you name it. So heres a new score to obsess about: the e-score, an online calculation that is assuming an increasingly important, and controversial, role in e-commerce. B These digital scores, known broadly as consumer valuation
9、 or buying-power scores, measure our potential value as customers. Whats your e-score? Youll probably never know. Thats because they are largely invisible to the public. But they are highly valuable to companies that want or in some cases, dont want to have you as their customer. C Online consumer s
10、cores are calculated by a handful of start-ups, as well as a few financial services, that specialize in the flourishing field of predictive consumer analytics. It is a Google like business, one fueled by almost unimaginable amounts of data and powered by complex computer algorithms (算法 ). The result
11、 is a private, digital ranking of American society unlike anything that has come before. A company, called eBureau, develops eScores its name for custom scoring algo-rithms to predict whether someone is likely to become a customer. Gordy Meyer, the founder and chief executive, says his system needs
12、less than a second to size up a consumer and to transmit his or her score to an eBureau client. D Its true that credit scores, based on personal credit reports, have been around for decades. And direct marketing companies have long ranked consumers by their socioeconomic status. But e-scores go furt
13、her. They can take into account facts like occupation, salary and home value to spending on luxury goods or pet food, and do it all with algorithms that their creators say accurately predict spending. E A growing number of companies, including banks, credit and debit card (借记卡 ) providers, insurers
14、and online educational institutions are using these scores to choose whom to persuade on the Web. These scores can determine whether someone deserves a super credit card or a plain one, a full-service cable plan or none at all. They can determine whether a customer is routed promptly to an attentive
15、 service agent or moved to an overflow call center. F Federal regulators and consumer advocates worry that these scores could eventually put some consumers at a disadvantage, particularly those under financial stress. In effect, they say, the scores could create a new subprime class: people who are
16、bypassed by companies online without even knowing it Financial institutions, in particular, might avoid people with low scores, reducing those peoples access to home loans, credit cards and insurance. G “The scoring is a tool to enable financial institutions to make decisions about financing based o
17、n unconventional methods,“ says David Vladeck, the director of the bureau of consumer protection at the Federal Trade Commission. “We are troubled by these practices.“ H Federal law governs the use of old-fashioned credit scores. Companies must have a legally permissible purpose before checking cons
18、umers credit reports and must alert them if they are denied credit or insurance based on information in those reports. But the law does not extend to the new valuation scores because they are derived from nontraditional data and promoted for marketing. Ed Mierzwinski, consumer program director at th
19、e United States Public Interest Research Group in Washington, worries that federal laws havent kept pace with change in the digital age. I “Theres a nontransparent scoring system that collects information about you to generate a score and what your score is results in the offers you get on the Inter
20、net,“ he says. “In most cases, you dont know who is collecting the information, you dont know what predictions they have made about you, or the potential for being denied choice or paying too much.“ J Heres how e-scores work: A client submits a data set containing names of tens of thousands of sales
21、 leads (线索 ) it has already bought, along with the names of leads who went on to become customers. EBureau then adds several thousand details like age, income, occupation, property value, length of residence and retail history from its databases to each customer profile. From those raw data points,
22、the system calculates up to 50,000 additional variables per person. Then it searches thoroughly all that data for the rare common factors among the existing customer base. The result scores prospective customers based on their resemblance to previous customers. K E-cores might range from 0 to 99, wi
23、th 99 indicating a consumer who is a likely return on investment and 0 indicating an unprofitable one. But in some industries, “knowing the, bottom is more important than knowing the top,“ Mr. Meyer says. In online education, for instance, e-scores help schools distinguish prospective students who a
24、re not worth the investment of expensive course catalogs or attentive follow-up callslike people who use fake names or adopt the identities of relatives. “If we can find 25 percent who have zero chance of enrolling, we can say dont waste your money on them,“ he says. EBureau charges clients 3 to 75
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- 外语类 试卷 大学 英语六级 改革 适用 阅读 模拟 263 答案 解析 DOC
