[外语类试卷]2010年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2010年北京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differently than the men who surrounded me_, briefly, with the notion that I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues. （ A） that I dealt （ B） I dealt （ C） then I deal

2、t （ D） did I deal 2 _only one moving soul in the center of all the orbits that is the sun which drives the planets the more vigorously the closer the planet is. （ A） As exists （ B） Although existing （ C） There exists （ D） Where existing 3 The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in _ t

3、he areas of least experience. （ A） that it might be called （ B） what might be called （ C） which might be called （ D） it might be called 4 _ sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more

4、 energy to social activities. （ A） As （ B） For （ C） While （ D） Although 5 As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom,_. （ A） was slowly to change （ B） are slowly changed （ C） is slowly changing （ D） have slowly changed 6 These early clocks, operated by weights, w

5、ere not particularly accurate, and it was not until the sixteenth century_. （ A） any great reliability attained it （ B） then attained any great reliability （ C） that any great reliability was attained （ D） when any great reliability attained 7 I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the o

6、ther night, but your sister didnt turn up. I cant believe I have been_. （ A） given up （ B） stood up （ C） left up （ D） taken up 8 In time, the woman was persuaded to try this new form of discipline and to_a failure to go to time out by the withdrawal of some privilege. （ A） back off （ B） back up （ C）

7、 back down （ D） back with 9 The government will prosecute those individuals who unlawfully possess_material. （ A） classified （ B） bizarre （ C） personal （ D） legitimate 10 The structure of the global economy_that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash usually by exporting whatever

8、 virgin resources the industrial world might desire. （ A） dictates （ B） regulates （ C） allows （ D） appeals 11 U. S. Secretary of State Rice_a three-day trip to the Middle East with an agreement from Israeli and Palestinian leaders to hold meetings every two weeks. （ A） ended up （ B） wrapped up （ C）

9、rounded up （ D） summed up 12 Some readers, especially children, find his works among the most_books they have ever read. （ A） captivating （ B） captivated （ C） capturable （ D） captious 13 He never felt that being disabled_him of all moral responsibility to himself and his community. （ A） released （ B

10、） relieved （ C） removed （ D） relied 14 A_, he was probably one of the most realistic writers of his day. （ A） self-confessing romantic （ B） self-confessed romance （ C） self-confessing romance （ D） self-confessed romantic 15 When he was in junior high at fourteen, his intelligence was such that he_am

11、ong undergraduates than among schoolboys. （ A） would fit better in （ B） would have fitted in better （ C） fitted better in （ D） would have fitted better 16 The_manuscripts are still able to tell a lot about the author who charmed the world with his works several hundred years ago. （ A） extended （ B）

12、intent （ C） extant （ D） distant 17 It was_to watch her condition deteriorate day by day. （ A） sympathetic （ B） pathetic （ C） empathic （ D） pathic 18 All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are_valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage. （ A） wooden （ B） wooded （ C） wooding （ D） w

13、oods 19 She wore long, heavy dresses, clothes that allowed_movement. （ A） minimum of （ B） the minimum for （ C） her minimum of （ D） a minimum of 20 Hip replacement surgery is_joint replacement surgery in the U. S. （ A） the single most frequent （ B） the most single frequent （ C） the single frequent （

14、D） a single frequent 二、 Cloze 20 The strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11 years【 C1】 _the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots【 C2】 _its minimum in 2007 and【 C3】 _have increased

15、 soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in【 C4】 _is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years. This【 C5】 _of solar activity means that cosmic rays reach

16、ing Earth from space have increased and the planets ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in【 C6】_, giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar ir

17、radiance. In fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be【 C7】_some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, accounts for the somewhat flat temperature trend of the past decade. But【 C8】 _if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight

18、 and certainly will not last. The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly【 C9】 _as harvests were ruined in cold,

19、miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation. But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly【 C10】 _. 21 【 C1】 （ A） and so （ B） or so （ C） on so （ D） so on 22 【 C2】 （ A） increased （ B） got （ C） reduced （ D） reached 23 【 C3】 （ A） should （ B） co

20、uld （ C） would （ D） might 24 【 C4】 （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） how 25 【 C5】 （ A） much （ B） lack （ C） number （ D） amount 26 【 C6】 （ A） high （ B） height （ C） altitude （ D） space 27 【 C7】 （ A） making （ B） causing （ C） decreasing （ D） masking 28 【 C8】 （ A） even （ B） what （ C） in case （ D） still

21、29 【 C9】 （ A） hard （ B） severe （ C） harsh （ D） heavy 30 【 C10】 （ A） certain （ B） unlikely （ C） likely （ D） uncertain 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 Parkinsons disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as “shaking palsy,“ is among the most prevalent neurological di

22、sorders. According to the United Nations, at least four million people worldwide have it; in North America, estimates run from 500,000 to one million, with about 50,000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the worlds elderly population grows; indeed, Parkinsons and o

23、ther neurodegenerative illnesses common in the elderly (such as Alzheimers and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60; the other half are affecte

24、d before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40. So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinsons. Although treatments do exist including drugs and deep-brain stimulation these

25、therapies alleviate symptoms, not causes. In recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role, proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angle

26、s of attack can be identified. As its 19th-century name suggests and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinsons sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, lim

27、b rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination are among the diseases hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually. These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found t

28、hroughout the brain, those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and coordinates movement. Initially th

29、e brain can function normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the supstantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic

30、control does at a major airport. Delays, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit. 31 Which of the following statements about Pa

31、rkinsons disease can be best supported by the passage? （ A） Parkinsons disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old people. （ B） Parkinsons disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young people. （ C） Parkinsons disease first appeared in the 19th cent

32、ury. （ D） Parkinsons disease is a neurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness. 32 The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinsons disease can help_. （ A） prevent Parkinsons （ B） alleviate the causes of Parkinsons （ C） find new avenues for treatm

33、ent of Parkinsons （ D） cure Parkinsons 33 According to the passage, what causes Parkinsons disease? （ A） The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells. （ B） The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer coordinate movement. （ C） There are tumors in the brain. （ D） There are not enough d

34、opaminergic neurons in the brain. 34 Janet Reno and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because_. （ A） they were experts on Parkinsons disease （ B） they made great efforts to fight Parkinsons disease （ C） they succeeded in fighting Parkinsons disease （ D） they were well-known sufferers of Pa

35、rkinsons disease 35 The primary purpose of this passage is to . （ A） analyze what causes Parkinsons disease （ B） demonstrate how to prevent Parkinsons disease （ C） warn the young people of the danger of Parkinsons disease （ D） present new movements in the study of Parkinsons disease 35 Yet these glo

36、bal trends hide starkly different national and regional stories. Vittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns networks in 31 countries, argues that the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a

37、 tool, for example to rejig appointments. “Culture influences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,“ he says. “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one. “ Other mundane factors also affect how phones are used. For instan

38、ce, in countries where many people have holiday homes they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default where they can be reached, thus undermining the use of fixed-line phones. Technologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and cultu

39、ral contexts,“ writes Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California in Irvine, who has co-edited a book on Japans mobile-phone subculture. Indeed, Japan is a good example of how such subcultures come about. In the 1990s A-mericans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phone

40、s. But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile internet. For some time Wired, a magazine for technology lovers, ran a column called “Japanese schoolgirl watch“, serving readers with a stream of mobile oddities. The implicatio

41、n was that what Japanese schoolgirls did one day, everyone else would do the next. The countrys mobile boom was arguably encouraged by underlying social conditions. Most teenagers had long used pagers to keep in touch. In 1999 NTT, Japans dominant operator, launched i-mode, a platform for mobile-int

42、ernet services. It allowed cheap e-mails between networks and the Japanese promptly signed up in droves for mobile internet. Ms Ito also points out that Japan is a crowded place with lots of rules. Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversations and talking on the phone

43、in public is frowned upon, if not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services. The best way to grasp Japans mobile culture is to take a crowded commuter train. There are plenty of signs advising you not to use your phone. Every few minutes announcements are made to the same effect. If you do

44、take a call, you risk more than disapproving gazes. Passengers may appeal to a guard who will quietly but firmly explain; “dame desu“ its not allowed. Some studies suggest that talking on a mobile phone on a train is seen as worse than in a theatre. Instead, hushed passengers type away on their hand

45、sets or read mobile-phone novels (written Japanese allows more information to be displayed on a small screen than languages that use the Roman alphabet). 36 According to the passage, an Italian would leave his phone on in a meeting for which of the following reason? （ A） He is afraid of missing a bu

46、siness opportunity. （ B） His family members may call him in emergency. （ C） He thinks it is rude to leave a call unanswered. （ D） He needs to get posted about the latest change in the work schedule. 37 Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage? （ A） How we use our phones ref

47、lect where we live. （ B） Technologies determine the way we communicate. （ C） Culture influences the development of technologies. （ D） Social conditions dictate the mobile future. 38 The author suggests that Japan leads the world in the mobile-phone culture in that （ A） the Japanese are the earliest

48、mobile phone users （ B） the Japanese are the chattiest mobile phone users （ C） the Japanese use mobile internet early on （ D） Japan provides the best mobile phone services 39 It can be inferred from the passage that the Japanese teenagers are fond of the mobile data services because_. （ A） they like

49、 to play electronic games （ B） they like to talk to their friends on the phone （ C） they can read novels on the phone （ D） they can communicate with their friends more conveniently 40 Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content? （ A） The Japanese phone culture. （ B） Culture and technology. （ C） All alike, all different. （ D） Handy, i