ASTM C1405-2010 Standard Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired Brick Units)《釉面砖(单烧、砖砌块)的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: C1405 10Standard Specification forGlazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glazefinish fused to the body during the same process as the unitbody firing, that are inte

3、nded for use in masonry and supplyingstructural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Thisspecification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Somedouble-fired decorative glazes have physical properties whichvary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lowertemperatures used in ap

4、plying the decorative coating.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements of thisspecification is beyond the sco

5、pe of this specification.1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety ofsizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufac-tured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthysubstances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevatedtemperatures (firing). The heat tr

6、eatment shall develop a firedbond between the particulate constituents to provide thestrength and durability requirements of this specification (seeTerminology C1232).1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by mold-ing, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way todescribe the br

7、ick.1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one oftwo types, one of two classes, and one of three divisions.1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified bythe purchaser.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These

8、notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyan

9、d are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation

10、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials2.2 NFPA

11、 Standard:NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials32.3 UL Standard:UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics andOther Building Materials Used for Interior Finishes42.4 ICBO Standard:UBC No. 42-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classificationof Building Materi

12、al52.5 Federal Standard:Federal Standard Test No. 141 Abrasion Resistance (TaberAbraser)63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin accordance with Terminology C1232.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and

13、is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1405 08. DOI:10.1520/C1405-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit

14、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.

15、nfpa.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 SouthWorkman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documen

16、ts,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Classification4.1 GradesGr

17、ades classify glazed brick according to theirpermissible variation in face dimension as follows. Whengrade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S govern.4.1.1 Grade S (Standard), units for use where standarddimensional tolerances are desired.4.1.2 Grade SS (Select Sized), units for use where

18、 a higherdegree of precision and lower permissible variation in size aredesired.4.2 TypesTwo types of glazed brick are covered. Whentype is not specified, the requirements for Type I govern.4.2.1 Type I (Single-Faced Units), for general use whereonly one face is finished.4.2.2 Type II (Two-Faced Uni

19、ts), for use where two oppositefaces are finished.4.3 ClassesTwo classes of glazed brick are covered.When class is not specified, the requirements for Class Exteriorgovern.4.3.1 Class Exterior, for exterior applications.4.3.2 Class Interior, for interior applications.NOTE 1Special brick shapes may b

20、e desired by the purchaser that donot meet all of the requirements of this specification (see 8.2.1). Consultthe manufacturer for availability of special units and suitability for theintended purpose.4.4 DivisionsThree divisions of glazed brick are covered.Divisions identify the amount and placement

21、 of hollow spaces(cores, cells and deep frogs) in the cross section of the unit. Inthe Division nomenclature, H shall be understood to meanhollow, and V shall be understood to mean void.4.4.1 Division SolidBrick with void area less than orequal to 25 % of its gross cross sectional area, measured in

22、anyplane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deepfrogs.4.4.2 Division H40VBrick with void area greater than25 % but less than or equal to 40 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs.4.4.3 Division

23、H60VBrick with void area greater than40 % but less than or equal to 60 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs. The shell thicknesses shallcomply with the requirements in Table 1. See Fig. 1.5. Physical Properties5.1

24、 DurabilityGlazed brick shall conform to the physicalproperties requirements for the class specified as prescribed inTable 2 or in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2. For the compressive strengthrequirements, test the unit with the compressive force perpen-dicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in thestr

25、etcher position.NOTE 2The physical property requirements for durability are basedupon correlation of these physical properties and freeze-thaw testing ofunits in standard production. They indicate durability. Conformance withthese property requirements provides a reasonable level of confidence asto

26、durability in lieu of freeze-thaw testing.5.1.1 Strength and Absorption Requirements AlternateThe saturation coefficient requirement for Class Exterior doesnot apply, provided the average compressive strength of arandom sample of five brick equals or exceeds 8000 psi (55.2MPa) with no individual str

27、ength less than 7500 psi (51.8MPa).Additionally, the 24-h cold water absorption of each unitshall not exceed 6.0 %.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor cold water absorption (5.1.1) and absorption and saturationcoefficient (Table 2) for Class Exterior do not apply, provideda sam

28、ple of five brick, meeting the strength requirements ofTable 2, passes the freezing and thawing test as described in theRating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures ofTest Methods C67.TABLE 1 Division H60VHollow Glazed Brick Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Wi

29、dth of Unit Face Shell Type End ShellsSolid Cored or Double Shell3 and 4 (76 and 102)34 (19.0) .34 (19.0)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (31.8) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)10 (254) 138 (34.9) 158 (41.3) 118 (28.6)12 (305) 112 (38.1) 2 (50.8) 118 (28.6)FIG. 1 Types of Hollow Glazed Brick Units

30、C1405 102NOTE 3The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as analternative only when units do not conform to either Table 2 requirementsfor maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to therequirements of the Strength and Absorption Alternate in 5.1.1.5.1.2.1 Class Exterior: Breakag

31、e and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.5.1.2.2 Class Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the unitsleast dimension.5.2 StrengthWhen glazed

32、brick are required havingstrengths greater than prescribed by this specification, thepurchaser shall specify the desired average compressivestrength and the individual minimum compressive strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Determine results forIRA in accordance with Test Methods C67 and fu

33、rnish resultsat the request of the specifier or purchaser.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)IRA is not a qualifyingcondition or property of units in this specification. This property ismeasured in order to assist in mortar selection and material handling in theconstruction process.6. Efflore

34、scence6.1 When the brick are tested in accordance with TestMethods C67, the rating for efflorescence shall be: “noteffloresced.”7. Properties of Glaze7.1 ImperviousnessWhen tested for imperviousness,12.1.1, no stain that can be seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m)shall remain on or beneath the surfa

35、ce, except a slightdiscoloration in the depressions on matt, stippled, or mottledglazes and in the crevices formed into the unit face(s) provid-ing surface features.7.2 Resistance to FadingWhen tested for chemical resis-tance, 12.1.2, the color of the glaze shall not change from theapproved sample.7

36、.3 Resistance to CrazingWhen tested for crazing, 12.1.3,the glaze shall not craze, spall, or crack when subjected to onecycle of autoclaving.7.4 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution, and Smoke DensityBody and finish shall withstand temperatures up to 1900F(878C) without distortion or melting and rate “no

37、ncombus-tible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of TestMethod E84, glazed brick shall measure 0 flame spread, 0 fuelcontribution, and 0 smoke density.NOTE 5This test method is similar to that specified in NFPANo. 255,UL No. 723, and UBC No. 42-1.7.5 Toxic FumesToxic fumes shall not be

38、released fromthe body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900F (878C).No toxic fumes shall be released from the body or glaze finishwhen glazed brick are tested in accordance with Test MethodE84.7.6 Hardness and Abrasion ResistanceGlaze shall resistscratching by ordinary glass or steel and be rat

39、ed above five onthe Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, underWear Index Method No. 6192 of Federal Standard Test No.141, using a Standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibratedwheel and a 2.2 lb (1000 g) weight for 1000 wear cycles, theglazed face shall have a wear factor not in excess of 1

40、5.7.7 OpacityWhen opacity of the glaze is specified, dis-coloration of the body shall not be visible through the glazewhen tested for opacity, 12.1.4.NOTE 6Opacity (7.7) is not a required property of clear and translu-cent glazes. The fading resistance (7.2) and hardness and abrasionresistance (7.6)

41、 properties are not required for metallic glazes. If thoseproperties are important for glazes, consult the manufacturer for avail-ability and suitability for the intended purpose.8. Appearance, Color, and Texture8.1 The body of the units shall be free of defects, deficien-cies, and other imperfectio

42、ns that would interfere with theproper setting of the brick or significantly impair the strengthor performance of the construction.8.2 The color, color range, and texture shall be specified bythe purchaser. The stretcher face of the brick and the exposedface(s) of shapes shall have the same general

43、texture, colorrange, and glaze as the approved sample. The texture of theglazed surfaces shall conform to an approved sample of notless than four stretcher brick, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsample.8.2.1 Where brick are required having face

44、s glazed otherthan those identified by type (Section 4), the purchaser shallspecify faces to be glazed and the quantity of brick needed.NOTE 7Consult the manufacturer for the availability of specialty unitssuitable for the intended purposes.8.3 The face(s) to be glazed shall be covered with a cerami

45、cglaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips,crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections detractingfrom the appearance of the designated sample when viewedfrom a distance, at right angles to the sample, of 15 ft (4.57 m)for Class Exterior units and 5 ft (1.52 m) for Class Inter

46、iorunits.8.4 Overspray of glazes onto adjacent faces of the unitsshall be regulated by the manufacturer. Residue resulting fromTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strength,psi (MPa), Gross AreaMaximumWaterAbsorption by24-h Cold, 7Maximum Saturation CoefficientAAverage of 5Bri

47、ckIndividual Individual Average of 5BrickIndividualClass Exterior 6000 (41.4) 5000 (34.8) 7.0 0.78 0.80Class Interior 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24 h submersion in cold water to that after 5 h submersion in boiling water.C1405 103the glazing oper

48、ation shall not interfere with the proper settingof the units or significantly impair the strength or performanceof the construction.NOTE 8Consult the manufacturer for the extent of overspray commonin production. Should other limits on allowable overspray be desired, themanufacturer shall be consult

49、ed for availability.8.5 The number of glazed brick in a delivery that are brokenor otherwise fail to meet the requirements for chippage andtolerances shall not exceed 5 %.8.6 After brick are handled by the purchaser, the manufac-turer or the manufacturers agent shall not be held responsiblefor compliance of brick with the requirements of this specifi-cation for chippage and tolerances.9. Size and Tolerances9.1 The dimensions of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. In a sample of ten brick selected to represent t