ASHRAE GUIDELINE 10-2016 Interactions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor Environments.pdf

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1、ASHRAE Guideline 10-2016(Supersedes ASHRAE Guideline 10-2011)Includes ASHRAE addenda listed in Annex AInteractions Affectingthe Achievementof Acceptable IndoorEnvironmentsSee Annex A for ASHRAE approval dates.This Guideline is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Guideline Project Committee (S

2、GPC) for which the StandardsCommittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures fortimely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Guideline. The change submittal form,instructions, and deadlines may be o

3、btained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper formfrom the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased from the ASHRAE web-site (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-23

4、05. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders inUS and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1049-894XASHRAE Standing Guideline Project Committee 10Cognizant TC: Environmental

5、 Health CommitteeSPLS Liaison: Roger L. HedrickEric W. Adams*, Chair Carl Grimes* Roger M. Pasch*Mark C. Jackson*, Vice-Chair Walter T. Grondzik* Chandra Sekhar*Eric Brodsky* Frederick M. Marks Pawel WargockiGregory Dobbs Bjarne W. OlesenSteven J. Emmerich Satchidananda Panda* Denotes members of vot

6、ing status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20152016Douglass T. Reindl, Chair Steven J. Emmerich Heather L. PlattRita M. Harrold, Vice-Chair Julie M. Ferguson David RobinJames D. Aswegan Walter T. Grondzik Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Roger L. Hedrick Dennis A

7、. StankeDonald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.John A. Clark Rick A. Larson Jack H. ZarourWaller S. Clements Lawrence C. Markel Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. Melikov James K. Vallort, COJames W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraKeith I. Emerson Cyrus H. NasseriSteph

8、anie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a Guidelinefor the design, testing, application, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a Gui

9、deline it is not definitive but encompassesareas where there may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionalsin the area of concern and expertise of ASHRAEs Technical Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepar

10、ed by Project Committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The Project CommitteeChair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technicallyqualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Developmen

11、t of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance is desiredbut not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appealable, and (d) Guidelinesare not submitted to ANSI for a

12、pproval.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.DISCL

13、AIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, ins

14、talled, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the publi

15、c by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines

16、 is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 10-201

17、6,Interactions Affecting the Achievement of Acceptable Indoor EnvironmentsSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions .24 Introduction to the Factors and Their Interactions.35 Thermal Environment86 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).137 Illumination178 Acoustics (Sound and Vibration).189 Reference

18、s and Bibliography19Informative Annex A: Addenda Description Information22NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this guideline can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEwebsite at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All ri

19、ghts reservedASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.2 ASHRAE Guideline 10-2016(This foreword is not part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the guidel

20、ine.)FOREWORDGuideline 10 focuses on the interactions among environmen-tal conditions (e.g., thermal conditions, indoor air quality) asthey affect the acceptability of the indoor environment. Thisguideline is intended to facilitate the understanding and useof documents such as ASHRAE Standards 62.1

21、and 55 and theIndoor Air Quality Design Guide as a whole rather than sep-arately. To a lesser extent it also addresses mechanical energy(including noise and vibration) and electromagnetic radiation(including environmental lighting and ultraviolet and infraredradiation) as important factors affecting

22、 the acceptability ofthe indoor environment. The guideline is intended to provide the user with cur-rently available knowledge on the effects of interactions onachieving acceptable indoor environments. In contrast toASHRAE Standards 55 and 62.1, which address thermal com-fort and ventilation/IAQ, re

23、spectively but separately, this doc-ument emphasizes interactions among these and other indoorenvironmental factors with the intention of increasing readersawareness and understanding of how to improve the accept-ability of the indoor environment. However, current knowl-edge on interactions between

24、and among factors that mostaffect occupants of indoor environments is limited. Meetingthe requirements of standards for various aspects of indoorenvironments, such as air quality, thermal conditions, acous-tics, or illumination, is not always sufficient to ensure theacceptability of the environment

25、to all relevant parties. Thisguideline represents a preliminary effort to describe the inter-actions relevant for achieving acceptable indoor environ-ments that can provide further assistance to building designprofessionals and building operators as well as investigatorsand researchers. The guidelin

26、e project committee believes theguideline will call attention to the significance of interactiveeffects in determining the acceptability of any indoor environ-ment or any combination of indoor environmental conditionsand its limitations.Guideline 10 reflects scientific data known to the commit-tee o

27、r brought to its attention by commenters and accepted bythe committee as valid and relevant. The guideline also con-tains information that represents the professional judgment ofthe members who are deemed to be experts in the field. There are many important factors that determine theacceptability of

28、 the indoor environment that have not beenidentified or addressed in this guideline. Future versions of thisguideline will include more detail on these related factors aswell as new information and updates to the current material. 1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this guideline is to provide guidance regard

29、ingfactors and their interactions as they affect the indoor environ-mental conditions acceptable to human occupants with regardto comfort and health.2. SCOPE2.1 This guideline provides guidance regarding factors andtheir interactions and includes thermal comfort, indoor airquality, sound and vibrati

30、on, and non-ionizing electromag-netic radiation (including visible light).2.2 It applies to the design, construction, commissioning,operation, and maintenance of buildings. 2.3 It applies to all indoor or enclosed spaces that people mayoccupy, with the following exceptions: a. Areas of buildings int

31、ended primarily for manufacturing,commercial processing, or industrial processing.b. Parking garages.c. Storage spaces intended for only incidental human occu-pancy.d. Other such enclosed spaces not designed primarily forhuman occupancy.3. DEFINITIONSacceptable indoor environment: an environment tha

32、t is suit-able for the purposes of the intended occupancy. Informative Note: The meaning of acceptability dependson the criteria and the process that is applied to perform thedetermination. This is influenced by the individuals involvedin this process (e.g., occupants, building operators, owners,and

33、 visitors) along with relevant health and other standards.These different individuals may render diverse determina-tions. Acceptability of an indoor environment is the determi-nation of any affected party that the environment is suitablefor the purposes of the intended occupancy.It should be noted t

34、hat acceptability is not identical to thesatisfaction of most or all occupants, which would generallyrequire a somewhat higher level of environmental quality.Ultimately, acceptability is defined by the process used todetermine it, as well as by the individuals who make the eval-uations, assessments,

35、 or judgments that are part of the pro-cess. This guideline recognizes that individual acceptability isoften dependent on context and on cultural expectations.acoustic environment: the sound and vibration conditions ina space.aspect: the components that make up an environmental factor.enthalpy: the

36、integrated representation of the dry-bulb andwet-bulb condition of the air that describes the total energycontent of the air. factor: the major features of the indoor environment thataffect its acceptability as addressed in this guideline aretermed factors.illumination: nonionizing radiation in the

37、visible portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum.indoor air quality: the measurable physical, chemical, andbiological composition of air in a space compared with refer-ence values for its components, the acceptability of the air tooccupants, and the total composition of the air whetherdetectable or no

38、t. ASHRAE Guideline 10-2016 3indoor environment: the conditions that exist inside anenclosed, nonindustrial building intended for human occu-pancy. interaction: the combined effect on a building occupant oftwo or more environmental factors or their aspects.pollutant: any unwanted environmental compo

39、nent that ispresent in an occupied building space.Informative Note: What is “unwanted” will vary with theuse of a space and the individual users. For example, loudsound (music, speech, motors, etc.) that interferes with adesired function of a space, such as conversation, a lecture, orother activity

40、with audible content essential to its success, isconsidered sound pollution (usually referred to as noise).However, what may be perceived as noise by one person maybe considered desirable by another, as in the case of music,where taste and personal preference differ for loudness(sound intensity). Di

41、fferences in auditory acuity will alsoaffect perceptions of acoustic conditions as visual acuity,olfactory sensitivity, and tolerance or preference for thermalconditions will affect perceptions of thermal comfort.Both disability glare (lighting that interferes with occu-pants ability to see), discom

42、fort glare (lighting that causesdiscomfort for the occupants), and color spectrum could beconsidered undesirable components in the built environment.Here, too, individual preferences can be important. Contami-nants in air are commonly referred to as air pollutants. Noequivalent concept exists for th

43、ermal conditions inside build-ings, but thermal pollution of water occurs at power plantswhere cooling water is released into a water body andadversely affects aquatic life.thermal environment: the combined effect of the temperature,humidity, air movement, and thermal radiation in a space.4. INTRODU

44、CTION TO THE FACTORS ANDTHEIR INTERACTIONSIn order to provide an acceptable indoor environment, it isnecessary not only that each aspect of the environment be at asatisfactory level but also that the adverse impact of interac-tions between these aspects is limited. Four factorsindoorair quality (IAQ

45、), thermal environment, sound, and lightarewidely regarded as the principal categories for classifying orcharacterizing the acceptability of an indoor environment.Each of these factors includes several separate aspects. Forexample, within the lighting factor are included the issues ofluminance and i

46、lluminance levels, color temperature, colorrendering ability, gradients or luminance ratios, discomfortglare, and disability glare. The number of possible interac-tions among the four factors and their several aspects is there-fore very large. This guideline provides a framework based onthe limited

47、available knowledge for considering these interac-tions and draws attention to the ones that are currently consid-ered to be the most important. Occupant experiences of and responses to the indoorenvironment may also be strongly affected by a variety ofadditional considerations that are not consider

48、ed to be amongthe four major indoor environmental factors. Although manyof these are subjective and are difficult to characterize quanti-tatively, they may actually dominate individual reactions to aspace. These characteristics or factors include, among others,the ergonomics of the workplace; the ti

49、me of day and seasonof the year; the occupant density; the proximity of other occu-pants; privacy and security; spatial qualities (volume, shape);the presence of windows and views to the outdoors; contex-tual understanding of the space, including logical “wayfind-ing” and freedom of movement; and the aesthetic qualitiesand cultural associations of the space. While these consider-ations are not addressed directly in this guideline, users of theguideline should be aware that one or more of them can havesignificant or even dominant effects on the acceptability ofthe indoor