ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 14496-2-2001 Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects Part 2 Visual.pdf
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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 14496-2 Second edition 2001-12-01 Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual Technologies de linformation - Codage des objets audiovisuels - Partie 2: Codage visuel Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Stan
2、dards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 8/29/02 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright cla
3、ims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electroni
4、c retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Reference number ISOIIEC 14496-2:2001 (E) O ISOIIEC 2001 ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 (E) PD
5、F disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, pa
6、rties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The IS0 Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relativ
7、e to the file; the PDFcreation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by IS0 member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. O ISO/IEC
8、 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IS0 at the address below or ISOs member body in the
9、country of the requester. IS0 copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1 21 1 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 O1 11 Fax +41 227490947 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii O ISOIIEC 2001 -All rights reserved ISOll EC 14496-2:2001 (E) Contents 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5
10、 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.2.9 6.2.10 6.2.1 1 6.2.12 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 Scope 1 Normative references 1 Terms and definitions . 2 Abbreviations and symbols 12 Arith
11、metic operators . 12 Logical operators . 13 Relational operators 13 Bitwise operators . 13 Conditional operators . 13 Assignment 13 Mnemonics . 14 Constants . 14 Conventions . 14 Method of describing bitstream syntax . 14 Definition of functions . 15 Definition of next-bits() function . 15 Definitio
12、n of bytealigned0 function . 15 Definition of nextbits-bytealignecl() function . 15 Definition of next-start-code() function . 16 Definition of ne-resync-marker() function 16 Definition of transparent-mb() function 16 Definition of transparent-block() function 16 Definition of bytealign-for-upstream
13、() function 16 Arithmetic precision 17 Reserved. forbidden and marker-bit . 16 Visual bitstream syntax and semantics 17 Structure of coded visual data . 17 Visual object . 18 Video object . 18 Mesh object 24 FBA object 25 3D Mesh Object 29 Visual bitstream syntax . 30 Start codes . 30 Visual Object
14、Sequence and Visual Object . 34 Video Object Layer 35 Macroblock . 53 Block . 58 Still Texture Object 59 Mesh Object . 73 FBA Object . 75 3D Mesh Object 85 Upstream message 103 Visual bitstream semantics 104 Semantic rules for higher syntactic structures 104 Visual object sequence . 18 Group of Vide
15、o Object Plane 40 Video Object Plane and Video Plane with Short Header . 40 Visual Object Sequence and Visual Object . 104 Video Object Layer 109 O ISO/IEC 2001 -All rights reserved iii ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 (E) 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 6.3.9 6.3.1 O 6.3.1 1 6.3.1 2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2
16、 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.4.6 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 7.5.6 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.6.5 7.6.6 7.6.7 7.6.8 7.6.9 7.6.10 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.8.4 7.8.5 7.8.6 7.8.7 7.9 7.9.1 7.9.2 7.10 7.10.1 7.10.2 7.10.3 7.10.4 7.10.5 7.10.6 Group of Video Object Plane 120 Video Object
17、Plane and Video Plane with Short Header . 120 Macroblock related 131 Block related 134 Still texture object 135 Mesh object 142 FBA object 144 3D Mesh Object 151 Upstream message 162 The visual decoding process . 164 Video decoding process . 165 Higher syntactic structures 166 VOP reconstruction . 1
18、66 Texture decoding . 166 Variable length decoding 167 Inverse scan . 168 DC and AC prediction for intra macroblocks 169 Inverse quantisation 172 Inverse DCT 175 Upsampling of the Inverse DCT output for Reduced Resolution VOP . 176 Shape decoding . 177 Higher syntactic structures 177 Macroblock deco
19、ding 178 Arithmetic decoding 187 Spatial scalable binary shape decoding 189 Grayscale Shape Decoding 198 Multiple Auxiliary Component Decoding 201 Motion compensation decoding . 201 Padding process 201 Sample interpolation for non-integer motion vectors 205 General motion vector decoding process . 2
20、07 Unrestricted motion compensation . 209 Vector decoding processing and motion-compensation in progressive P- and S(GMC)-VOP . 210 Overlapped motion compensation . 212 Temporal prediction structure 213 Vector decoding process of non-scalable progressive B-VOPs 214 Motion compensation in non-scalabl
21、e progressive B-VOPs 214 Motion Compensation Decoding of Reduced Resolution VOP 219 Interlaced video decoding 224 Field DCT and DC and AC Prediction 224 Motion compensation 225 Sprite decoding 234 Higher syntactic structures 234 Sprite Reconstruction . 235 Low-latency sprite reconstruction . 235 Spr
22、ite reference point decoding . 236 Warping . 237 Sample reconstruction 239 GMC decoding 240 Generalized scalable decoding 241 Temporal scalability 241 Spatial scalability . 246 Still texture object decoding . 251 Decoding of the DC subband . 251 ZeroTree Decoding of the Higher Bands . 252 Inverse Qu
23、antisation . 257 Still Texture Error Resilience 265 Wavelet Tiling . 268 Scalable binary shape object decoding 270 iv O ISO/IEC 2001 -All rights reserved ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 (E) 7.1 1 7.11.1 7.1 1.2 7.12 7.12.1 7.12.2 7.12.3 7.12.4 7.12.5 7.12.6 7.12.7 7.13 7.13.1 7.13.2 7.13.3 7.1 3.4 7.13.5 7.13.
24、6 7.13.7 7.13.8 7.13.9 Mesh object decoding . 276 Mesh geometry decoding . 276 Decoding of mesh motion vectors . 279 FBA object decoding . 281 Frame based face object decoding 281 DCT based face object decoding . 282 Decoding of the viseme parameter fap 1 284 Decoding of the viseme parameter fap 2 2
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