ANSI ASTM E2136-2004 Standard Guide for Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings-Durability.pdf

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1、Designation: E2136 04 (Reapproved 2013) An American National StandardStandard Guide forSpecifying and Evaluating Performance of Single FamilyAttached and Detached DwellingsDurability1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2136; the number immediately following the designation indicates

2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is part of a set which together pres

3、ents a complete performance standard guide forspecifying and evaluating single family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in theseries, when finished, is to include the attributes given in Fig. 1.The series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of building produc

4、ts andsystems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this guide includesperformance statements that consist of four components, Objectives-Criteria-Evaluation-Commentary(O-C-E-C), which together provide a systematic performance based approach for the intendedpurpose. Thes

5、e performance statements are presented in Section 8 against a Hierarchy of BuildingElements as tabulated in Fig. 2.The purpose of these standard guides is to provide a standardized methodology for describingperformance parameters of single-family attached or detached dwellings. This methodology stan

6、dard-izes the descriptions of performance of a single-family dwelling, attached or detached, that can beexpressed as performance statements (O-C-E-C) for a particular attribute, degradation factor, and userneed.These standard guides are intended for use by those who need to prescribe required levels

7、 ofperformance and those who need to rate a product which forms a single-family dwelling or partthereof. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used for thespecification and evaluation of design, materials, products, components, subsystems, and systems.1. Scope1.1

8、 This guide gives examples of performance statementsfor durable in-place materials, products, components,subsystems, and systems for single family attached and de-tached dwellings, considering the effects of normal degradationfactors to which they are anticipated to be subjected over theirservice li

9、ves. Table 1 provides a listing of the sections of thisGuide that address durability including the performance state-ments.1.2 Damage from extreme acts of nature, vandalism, orintentional destructive acts by dwelling inhabitants are notconsidered as normal degradation factors affecting durability in

10、this guide.NOTE 1Performance statements regarding the performance of singlefamily attached and detached dwellings under extreme acts of nature areaddressed in the Guide on Structural Safety and Serviceability.1.3 This guide also addresses site planning in so far as itaffects the durability of single

11、 family attached and detacheddwellings.1.4 This guide is not intended to be used as a prescriptiveregulatory document.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion on

12、ly and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusC1036 Specification for Flat Glass1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte

13、e E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2136 04. DOI:10.1520/E2136-04R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom

14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1048 Specification for Heat-Strengthe

15、ned and Fully Tem-pered Flat GlassC1172 Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat GlassC1349 Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Poly-carbonateD225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Sur-faced With Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2012)3D256 Test Methods for Determining th

16、e Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2486 Test Methods

17、 for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD3462 Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from GlassFelt and Surfaced with Mineral GranulesD3746 Test Method for Impact Resistance of BituminousRoofing SystemsD4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid P

18、oly-(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building ProductsD4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam ImpactResistance of PlasticsD5178 Test Method for Mar Resistance of Organic CoatingsD5420 Test Method for Im

19、pact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardner Impact)D6110 Test Method for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE632 Practice for Developing Accelerated Tests to A

20、idPrediction of the Service Life of Building Componentsand MaterialsE695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact LoadingE773 Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of SealedInsulating Glass Units (Withdrawn 2010)3E774 Specification for the Classifi

21、cation of the Durability ofSealed Insulating Glass Units (Withdrawn 2006)3E822 Practice for Determining Resistance of Solar CollectorCovers to Hail by Impact With Propelled Ice BallsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE997 Test Method for Evaluating Glass Bre

22、akage Probabil-ity Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by ProofLoad TestingE998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inWindows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the Influenceof Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive MethodE1017 Specification for Generic Performance Requirementsfor E

23、xterior Residential Window Assemblies (Withdrawn2003)3E1233 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by CyclicAir Pressure DifferentialE1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterior Building WallMaterials, Products, and SystemsE2025 Test Method for Evalu

24、ating Fenestration Componentsand Assemblies for Resistance to Impact Energies (With-drawn 2015)3E2151 Terminology of Guides for Specifying and Evaluat-ing Performance of Single Family Attached and DetachedDwellingsF925 Test Method for Resistance to Chemicals of ResilientFlooring3The last approved ve

25、rsion of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.FIG. 1 Attributes Addressed in the Series of Performance StandardsE2136 04 (2013)2FIG. 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements Included in the Series of Performance StandardsE2136 04 (2013)3F1265 Test Method for Resistance to Impact for Resilie

26、ntFloor TileG116 Practice for Conducting Wire-on-Bolt Test for Atmo-spheric Galvanic CorrosionG149 Practice for Conducting the Washer Test for Atmo-spheric Galvanic Corrosion (Withdrawn 2004)3G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sour

27、cesG152 Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetal

28、lic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 American Architectural Manufacturers Association andWindow and Door Manufacturers Association:4ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101 I.S. 2-97 Voluntary Specifica-tions for Aluminum, Vinyl (PVC) And Wood Window

29、sand Glass DoorsAAMA/WDMA 1600 I.S. 7-2000 Voluntary Specificationsfor SkylightsAAMA 91093 Voluntary “Life Cycle” Specifications andTest Methods for Architectural Grade Windows and Slid-ing Glass DoorsAAMA 2603.8 Voluntary Performance Requirements andTest Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings. o

30、nExtruded AluminumAAMA 2604.2 Voluntary Specification for ResidentialColor Anodic FinishesAAMA 2605.2 Voluntary Specification for High Perfor-mance Organic Coatings on Architectural Extrusion andPanelsAAMA 2606.1 Voluntary Guide Specifications and Inspec-tion Methods for Integral Color Anodic Finish

31、es forArchitectural AluminumAAMA 2607.1 Voluntary Guide Specification and Inspec-tion Methods for Clear Anodic Finishes for ArchitecturalAluminumAAMA 2608.1 Voluntary Guide Specification and Inspec-tion Methods for Electrolytically Deposited Color AnodicFinishes for Architectural AluminumAAMA 2611 V

32、oluntary Standards for Anodized Architec-tural Aluminum4Available from Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation(AAMI), 4301 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 301, Arlington, VA 22203-1633, http:/www.aami.org.FIG. 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements Included in the Series of Performance Standards

33、(continued)E2136 04 (2013)42.3 American Concrete Institute:5ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for ReinforcedConcrete, Part 3ACI 530 ASCE 5 TMS 402 Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures2.4 American Forest an explanation of how the criteria are establishedincluding guides for setting diffe

34、rent levels of performance tomeet various user needs; a discussion of the reliability of theevaluation method; and example solutions that are deemed tocomply with the performance statement.3.2.2 criteriathe second part of a performance statement,consisting of quantitative statements defining the lev

35、el or rangeof performance necessary to meet an objective or, where sucha level or range cannot be established, the units of measure-ment of the performance.3.2.3 detached dwellinga dwelling unit standing by itself.3.2.4 durabilitythe capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construc

36、tion to maintain serviceabilityover at least a specified time.3.2.5 evaluationthe third part of a performance statement,consisting of the method(s) of assessing conformance of theelement being addressed to the criteria.DiscussionThe evaluation states the standards, inspectionmethods, review procedur

37、es, historical documentation, testmethods, in-use performance, engineering analyses, models, orother means to be used in assessing whether or not a criterionhas been satisfied.3.2.6 serviceabilitythe capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construction to perform the function(s)for

38、 which it is designed and used.3.2.7 service life (of a building component or material)theperiod of time after installation during which all propertiesmeet or exceed the minimum acceptable values when routinelymaintained.3.2.8 specifierthe individual or organization using thestandard guides to creat

39、e specifications and ultimately acceptdwelling designs, materials, products, components,subsystems, or buildings to be provided by providers.3.2.9 user needa statement of the activities and behaviorto be carried out in relation to the dwelling by its residents, orother users, defined in terms of mot

40、or, kinetic, physiological,psychological, emotional, and other parameters of humanbehavior.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide and the use of consensus performancestandards for housing can significantly contribute to the re-moval of barriers to the acceptance of housing innovation inthe global mar

41、ketplace. This guide in conjunction with thebalance of the set of standard guides, when complete, can alsoserve to improve communications between producers andconsumers leading to enhanced quality and performance ofhousing.4.2 This guide is not intended for use in specifying andevaluating residentia

42、l construction other than single familyattached and detached dwellings. Nevertheless, some perfor-mance statements may have application to assessing thedurability of building materials, components, and systems usedin other constructions.4.3 Although this guide addresses site planning as it affectsth

43、e durability of single family attached and detached dwellings,the site-planning issues considered are not to be construed as acomprehensive site specification.4.4 This guide can be useful to managers of housingprocurement projects, home builders, designers, productmanufacturers, and evaluation servi

44、ces in addressing durabilityissues related to single family attached and detached dwellings.Such applications can require that the performance statementexamples be written in mandatory language.4.5 The performance statement examples given in this guideare intended to complement the durability requir

45、ements im-plied in prescriptive provisions of codes such as the Interna-tional Residential Code for One- and Two-Family Dwellings(IRC).4.6 Limitations on Performance Prediction:4.6.1 The traditional approach to evaluating the durability inbuilding materials, components, and systems has been relatedt

46、o specific materials, and their reaction over time to specificdegradation factors. This is useful for establishing standardsfor the quality control and use of specific materials. However,it is not much help in making comparisons across a variety oftraditional materials intended for the same use, in

47、evaluatingsystems comprised of a number of specific materials (forexample, walls), or in developing performance specificationsand performance standards needed for innovative materials.Little research has considered the generic analysis of degrada-tion factors acting upon building elements in residen

48、tialapplication. Moreover, insufficient work has been done in thedevelopment of accelerated weathering tests in which thedegradation processes simulate those occurring in practice.Also, much more material science studies of degradationmechanisms and rates are needed to form a strong foundationfor pe

49、rformance prediction of building materials. For thesereasons, the performance statements in this guide are examplesand initial steps of an evolving process in developing perfor-mance standards for single family attached and detacheddwellings. It is anticipated that, as this guide is applied tohousing procurement projects and as more research into thesubject of durability is carried out, the performance statementexamples in this guide will change. Both providers andspecifiers should consider the basis for modifications as per-formance statements are established.4