AASHTO T 361-2016 Standard Method of Test for Determining Asphalt Binder Bond Strength by Means of the Binder Bond Strength (BBS) Test.pdf
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1、Standard Method of Test for Determining Asphalt Binder Bond Strength by Means of the Binder Bond Strength (BBS) Test AASHTO Designation: T 361-161Release: Group 3 (August 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C
2、. 20001 TS-2a T 361-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Determining Asphalt Binder Bond Strength by Means of the Binder Bond Strength (BBS) Test AASHTO Designation: T 361-161Release: Group 3 (August 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This test method quantifies the tensile force needed to remove a pull-off stub a
3、dhered to a solid substrate with asphalt binder. Samples are prepared at controlled environmental and moisture conditions (i.e., temperature and humidity). After conditioning, a pneumatic load is applied to a pull-off stub using an ASTM D4541 Type IV adhesion tester until failure. The pull-off tensi
4、le strength and mode of failure are used to describe the bonding properties of the asphalt binder and compatibility between aggregates and asphalt binders. 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. This test may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment
5、. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standa
6、rds: M 140, Emulsified Asphalt M 208, Cationic Emulsified Asphalt M 316, Polymer-Modified Emulsified Asphalt R 66, Sampling Asphalt Materials T 315, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) 2.2. ASTM Standards: D4541, Standard Test Method for Pul
7、l-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers D4753, Standard Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers E145, Standard S
8、pecification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 361-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. failure modeindicator of the
9、weakest component of the asphalt/surface syst em. In applications to this test procedure failure can occur at three locations: within the asphalt binder, at the asphalt binder/substrate interface, or in a mixed mode. 3.1.2. pull-off tensile strengththe pressure required to remove a pull-off stub att
10、ached to a prefabricated surface by asphalt binder, with force applied in the normal direction. Used in this procedure as a parameter to evaluate the quality of the bond. 3.1.3. saturated surface-dry (SSD) conditionin this condition, the void structure of the aggregate is filled with moisture, while
11、 the main surface area of the aggregate particles remains dry. 4. SUMMARY OF METHOD 4.1. The adhesion tester applies a pneumatic load via a pressure ring to a pull-off stub fixed to a rigid substrate with asphalt binder, as shown in Figure 1. The binder is adhered to the substrate and subjected to d
12、ifferent curing conditions. For curing emulsified binders, fixed levels of temperature and humidity are used. Moisture conditioning is used for both hot-applied binders and emulsified asphalt residues to evaluate the effects of moisture damage. Pressure and time are monitored during the test and the
13、 load is applied until failure. The output of the test is pressure at failure. The surface is also inspected visually to determine the nature of failure. Figure 1Schematic Representation of the Testing Assembly for the Binde r Bond Strength Test 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. Pull-off tensile strength
14、 values measured over a range of environmental conditions and curing times provide information related to the bond strength at the interface between a substrate and hot-applied or emulsified asphalt binders. 5.2. Evaluation of pull-off tensile strength on different aggregate substrates provides a me
15、asure of asphalt-aggregate compatibility. 5.2.1. Applications to emulsified binders include assessment of curing rate and ultimate tensile strength. Pull-off Stub Pressure Ring Reaction Plate Pull-off Stub Asphalt Binder Metal Ring Support Substrate Air Pressure Gasket 2016 by the American Associati
16、on of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 361-3 AASHTO 5.2.2. Applications to hot-applied asphalt binders and recovered emulsified asphalt residues include evaluation of the effects of application temperature and moistu
17、re conditioning on pull-off tensile strength. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. Molds: 6.1.1. Emulsified Asphalt BindersFor emulsified asphalt binder s, use a silicone mold measuring approximately 20 mm (0.79 in.) in diameter, 5 mm (0.20 in.) in width, and 5 mm (0.20 in.) in thickness. The mold has no backing and i
18、s used to contain the emulsified asphalt on the aggregate surface. A diagram of the mold is shown in Figure 2a. 6.1.2. Hot-Applied Asphalt Binders and Emulsified Asphalt Residues Use a silicone mold measuring approximately 40 mm by 40 mm (1.6 in. by 1.6 in.) with an 8-mm (0.32-in.) diameter cavity a
19、nd a 2.0-mm (0.08-in.) depth. This mold is similar to the molds used to prepare Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test samples in T 315. A diagram of the mold is shown in Figure 2b. 40408(a) (b) Figure 2Mold Dimensions (mm) for Emulsified Binders (a) and Hot Binder s (b) Drawings Not to Scale 6.2. Subst
20、rateComposed of solid aggregate or aggregate composite with dimens ions as defined in Section 9. 6.3. Testing MachineUse a Type IV adhesion tester as defined by ASTM D4541 for all tests. At a minimum the device must consist of the components detailed in Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.3. An example of a
21、testing machine is shown in Figure 3. Note 1The testing apparatus shown in F igure 3 is a commercially available device produced by GARDCO, Inc. The F-4 piston depicted in the figure has a diameter of 73.0 mm (2.88 in.). Other devices meeting the requirements of this procedure can be used. 6.3.1. Co
22、ntrol ModuleCapable of controlling the air pr essure load range from 7 to 35,000 kPa (1 to 5000 psi), and equipped with a digital or analog display, loading rate control, and data acquisition software capable of monitoring air pressure over time. 6.3.2. Load AssemblyConsists of a piston, reaction pl
23、ate, gasket and air hose. 5 mm20 mm 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2a T 361-4 AASHTO 6.3.2.1. Piston and Reaction PlateSelect a piston and reaction plate assembly with sufficient diam
24、eter to allow for loading of the sample until failure. Air pressure at failure is a function of test temperature, loading rate, and asphalt binder stiffness. Application of the device to asphalt binders and mastics indicates that a minimum piston/reaction plate diameter of 57.2 mm (2.25 in.) is requ
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