BS ISO 6266-2013 en_1634 Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading test《高山滑雪.疲劳指数测定.循环荷载试验》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwide NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 6266:2013 Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading testBS ISO 6266:2013 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementa

2、tion of ISO 6266:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/136/7, Snowsports equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provis

3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 77191 0 ICS 97.220.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was publ

4、ished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013. Amendments issued since publication Date T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 6266:2013 ISO 2013 Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes Cyclic loading test Skis alpins Dtermination des indices de fatigue Essai

5、en flexion alterne INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6266 Second edition 2013-03-01 Reference number ISO 6266:2013(E)BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be repr

6、oduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requeste

7、r. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative re

8、ferences 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus . 2 5.1 Bending machine . 2 5.2 Measuring device for bottom camber height 4 5.3 Measuring device for centre spring constant . 4 6 Test specimens 4 6.1 Lengths 4 6.2 Number 5 7 Temperatures for conditioning and testing . 5 8 Procedure.

9、 5 8.1 Measurement of original bottom camber height, h B. 5 8.2 Measurement of original centre spring constant, c M5 8.3 Determination . 5 8.4 Measurement of final bottom camber height, h B6 8.5 Measurement of final centre spring constant, c M. 6 8.6 Assessment of damage . 6 9 Expression of results

10、6 9.1 Fatigue index for bottom camber height 6 9.2 Fatigue index for centre spring constant 6 10 Test report . 7BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p

11、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,

12、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main ta

13、sk of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attenti

14、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6266 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 83, Sports and recreational equipment, Subcommittee SC 4

15、, Snowsports equipment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition ( ISO 6266:1980), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) Introduction Previous investigations showed that the fatigue of an alpine ski is not easy to describ

16、e. If one understands by fatigue the remaining negative change of some characteristics of the ski, influencing the performance of the ski, as a result of normal use, several tests would be necessary to determine exactly the susceptibility of a ski to such changes. In addition, some factors may have

17、substantial influence on the results such as ski length, spring constant, test temperature, kind of vibration, frequency etc. lt was therefore decided that a test method taking account of all these factors might be of some interest for ski research but that it should not be proposed for standardizat

18、ion. Instead of this, a simplified test of the fatigue behaviour of two important characteristics of the ski (i.e. of camber height and centre spring constant) was proposed for standardization. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vBS ISO 6266:2013BS ISO 6266:2013Alpine skis Determination of fatigue indexes

19、 Cyclic loading test 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fatigue indexes of alpine skis (i.e. the resistance of the skis to changes in shape and of stiffness) after a bending test with cyclic loading. 2 Normative references The following documents, in

20、whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5902, Alpine skis Determination

21、 of elastic properties ISO 6289, Skis Vocabulary 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 camber height h k distance between the running surface on the ski and a planar surface, measured with the ski resting freely under its own mas

22、s 3.2 original weighted bottom camber height h B weighted bottom camber height, according to ISO 6289, determined prior to the test 3.3 f i n a l w e i g h t e d b o t t o m c a m b e r h e i g h t h B weighted bottom camber height, according to ISO 6289, determined after the test 3.4 spring constan

23、t c ratio of the force F applied to the ski, to the corresponding deflection f: Note 1 to entry: Depending on the individual parts of the ski on which the force F is applied, one can define: the centre spring constant, c M ; the shovel spring constant, c S ; the rear spring constant, c R ; INTERNATI

24、ONAL ST ANDARD ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) the afterbody spring constant, c A ; the forebody spring constant, c B . 3.5 f i n a l c e n t r e s p r i n g c o n s t a n t c M centre spring constant, according to ISO 5902, measured after the test 3.6

25、 fatigue index for the bottom camber height K h percentage change of bottom camber height of the ski after cyclic loading and recovery 3.7 fatigue index for the centre spring constant K c percentage change of centre spring constant of the ski after cyclic loading and recovery 3.8 stroke length s def

26、lection of the ski during cyclic loading measured from a straight line through the supports, midway between the two supports 3.9 frequency number of deflections of the ski per second Note 1 to entry: The unit is the Hertz (Hz). 3.10 recovery time time between the test and the measurement of h B , (s

27、ee 3.3) and c M(see 3.5), which is necessary to eliminate temporary changes in camber height and centre spring constant 4 Principle Subjection of the ski to cyclic loading and recovery. Determination of the fatigue indexes by calculation of the percentage permanent change in: a) bottom camber height

28、; b) centre spring constant. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Bending machine The bending machine shall essentially be constructed as shown in Figure 1. The machine has two supports which are vertically and horizontally adjustable. The supports of the bending machine are arranged at a distance of L S= L N 280 mm whe

29、re L Nis the nominal length. Nominal length shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6289. The support rolls shall have a diameter of approximately 50 mm. The supports shall have a spring loaded clamping roll in order to prevent lifting of the ski. The driving mechanism consists of a disk fly whee

30、l with adjustable crank pin, a connecting rod and a push rod with clamping fixture. The disk fly wheel shall have sufficient mass and driving power to effect a smooth sinusoidal flexing. The distance between crank pin and rotation axis shall be adjustable in order to be able to adjust a constant tes

31、t load F Tby changing the stroke length s as indicated in 8.3.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) Dimensions in millimetres Key L S support length L N nominal length s stroke length Figure 1 Bending machine The frequency of the stroke shall be between 2 Hz and 3 Hz. The cl

32、amping fixture shall have a pivoting joint and jaws with elastic rubber layers, as shown in Figure 2, in order to avoid stress concentration at the clamping point of the ski. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) Dimensions in millimetres 12 40 4 1 Key 1 rubber 2 ski F i g u

33、 r e 2 C l a m p i n g f i x t u r e The dimensions of the rubber layers shall be as follows: thickness: 4 mm 1 mm width: 40 mm hardness: (95 5) Shore A In addition, a counter shall be fixed to the push rod in order to record the number of cycles. 5.2 Measuring device for bottom camber height For me

34、asuring the bottom camber height, a flat surface plate and a dial indicator with indicator holder are required. 5.3 Measuring device for centre spring constant For measuring the centre spring constant, a device as described in ISO 5902 is required. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Lengths To ensure the comparab

35、ility of the published test results, the following ski lengths shall be used for tests: 1 800 mm or 2 000 mm 1 600 mm 1 300 mm4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) 6.2 Number The test shall be carried out on 10 skis of the same type. 7 Temperatures for conditioning and testi

36、ng The fatigue properties of the ski as described in this lnternational Standard can be affected by the test temperature to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the particular material configuration of the ski. Therefore, two different test temperatures are specified: A, standard laboratory test

37、: 23 C 2 C; B, cold chamber test: 5 C 2 C. All measurements shall be carried out on a ski conditioned to the test temperature for at least 2 h. 8 Procedure 8.1 Measurement of original bottom camber height, h B Measure the original bottom camber height h Bprior to the bending by cyclic loading. Press

38、 the ski against the flat surface plate (see 5.2). Place the dial indicator at the measurement point on the top surface of the ski and set to zero. Remove the flatting load, and read the bottom camber height from the dial indicator to an accuracy of 0,03 mm. 8.2 Measurement of original centre spring

39、 constant, c M Measure the original spring constant c Mprior to the bending with cyclic loading, in accordance with ISO 5902, to an accuracy of 0,2 N/mm. 8.3 Determination Place the ski in the bending machine (see 5.1) and adjust the supports in such a way that the connecting line between the upper

40、points of the lower support rolls and the surface of the clamping jaws, touching the running surface of the ski, is a straight line, when the push rod is in the upper dead centre. Adjust the stroke length s by shifting the crank pin to its proper position. The stroke length, expressed in millimetres

41、, is calculated from the following formula: where F T is the test load, in newtons; c M is the original centre spring constant, in newtons per millimetre. The permissible tolerance for stroke length is 2,5 mm. The following loads shall be used: 1 800 mm or 2 000 mm: 450 N 1 600 mm: 350 N ISO 2013 Al

42、l rights reserved 5BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) 1 300 mm: 250 N Subject the ski to 20 000 loading cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz to 3 Hz. Remove the ski from the machine and place against a wall in a vertical and stress-free (relaxed) position. The recovery time for the elimination of temporary d

43、eformation is 24 h. 8.4 Measur ement of fi nal bott om camber heig ht , h B Measure the bottom camber height h Bafter the recovery time as specified in 8.1. 8.5 Measur ement of fi nal c entr e spring c onstant , c M Measure the centre spring constant c Mafter the recovery time as specified in 8.2. 8

44、.6 Assessment of damage Visually inspect the ski for damage caused by the test (for example, cracks or stress marks in the surface of the material, cracks at steel edges, delaminations). 9 Expression of results 9.1 Fatigue index for bottom camber height The fatigue index K hfor the bottom camber hei

45、ght of the ski, expressed as a percentage, is given by the formula where h B is the original camber height, measured in accordance with 8.1; h B is the final camber height, measured in accordance with 8.4. Express the result as the mean of the 10 determinations. 9.2 Fatigue index for centre spring c

46、onstant The fatigue index K cfor the centre spring constant of the ski, expressed as a percentage, is given by the formula where c M is the original centre spring constant, measured in accordance with 8.2; c M is the final centre spring constant, measured in accordance with 8.5. Express the result a

47、s the mean of the 10 determinations.6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) 10 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 6266; b) complete identification of the ski (brand, model designation, nomi

48、nal length and manufacturers registration number); c) test temperature (A or B); d) fatigue index far the bottom camber height; e) fatigue index for the centre spring constant; f) damage to the ski caused by the test with exact description; g) any deviation from this International Standard with an e

49、xplanation of the reason for the deviation. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 6266:2013ISO 6266:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved IC S 97.220.20 Price based on 7 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europ