Motivation- From Concepts to Applications.ppt
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1、Motivation: From Concepts to Applications,Set me anything to do as a task, and it is inconceivable the desire I have to do something else. - G.B. Shaw,Chapter Outline,Management By Objectives Employee Recognition Programs Employee Involvement Programs Variable Pay Programs Skill-Based Pay Plans Flex
2、ible Benefits Special Issues in Motivation,Motivation: From Concepts to Applications,Identify the four ingredients common to MBO programs Explain why managers might want to use employee involvement programs Contrast participative management with employee involvement Define quality circles Explain ho
3、w ESOPs can increase employee motivation Contrast gainsharing and profit sharing Describe the link between skill-based pay plays and motivation theories Explain how flexible benefits turn benefits into motivators Contrast the challenges of motivating professional employees versus low-skilled employe
4、es Contrast the challenges in motivating professional employees with temporary workers,Management by Objectives,A program that encompasses specific goals participatively set for an explicit time period with feedback on goal progress MBO operationalizes the concept of objectives by devising a process
5、 by which objectives cascade down through the organization. The result is a hierarchy of objectives that links objectives at one level to those at the next level. For the individual employee, MBO provides specific personal performance objectives.,Exhibit 6-1 Cascading of Objectives,Linking MBO and G
6、oal-Setting Theory,Goal Setting Theory Demonstrates that: hard goals result in a higher level of individual performance, specific hard goals result in higher levels of performance than do no goals or generalized goals, and feedback on ones performance leads to higher performance MBO directly advocat
7、es specific goals and feedback.,Employee Recognition Programs,What Are Employee Recognition Programs Programs that use multiple sources and recognizes both individual and group accomplishments. Linking Programs and Reinforcement Theory Consistent with the reinforcement theory, rewarding a behavior w
8、ith recognition immediately following that behavior is likely to encourage its repetition. Employee Recognition Programs in Practice In contrast to most other motivators, recognizing an employees superior performance often costs little or no money, making them highly attractive to industry.,Employee
9、 Involvement Programs,A participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organizations success. Examples of Employee Involvement Participative Management Representative Participation Work Councils Board Representatives Quality
10、Circles Employee Stock Ownership Plans,Exhibit 6-2 How a Typical Quality Circle Operates,Variable-Pay Programs,A portion of an employees pay is based on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance. piece-rate pay plans profit-sharing plans gainsharing plans Linking Variable-Pay Plan
11、s and Expectancy Theory evidence supports the importance of this linkage, especially for operative employees working under piece-rate systems. group and organization wide incentives reinforce and encourage employees to sublimate personal goals for the best interests of their department or organizati
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