ASTM F3077-17 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse.pdf

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1、Designation: F3077 17Standard Specification forEye Protectors for Womens Lacrosse1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3077; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors designed for useby players of womens lacrosse that minimize or significantlyreduce injury to the eye and ad

3、nexa due to impact andpenetration of lacrosse balls. Protective eyewear offers protec-tion only to the eyes and does not protect other parts of thehead.1.2 Impact testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eyecontact is determined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

4、thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Metric units of measurement in this specification are inaccordance with the International System of Units (SI). If avalue for measurement as given in this specification is followedby an equivalent value in other units, the first s

5、tated is to beregarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may beapproximate.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associate

6、d with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognize

7、d principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haz

8、e and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality PrescriptionOphthalmic LensesANSI Z80.3 Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eye-wear RequirementsANSI Z87.1 Occupational and Educational Personal Eyeand Face Protection Devices2.3 Fede

9、ral Standard:4National Institute of Standards and Technology SpecialTechnical Publication 374 Method for Determining theResolving Power of Photographic Lenses2.4 Canadian Standard:5CSA Z262.6-14 Specifications for Facially Featured HeadForms2.5 NOCSAE Standard:6NOCSAE (ND) 049 Standard Performance S

10、pecification forNewly Manufactured Lacrosse Balls3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.2 central viewing zone, nthat part of the

11、eye of aprotector which has its center in line with the wearers normalline of sight.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 40mm in diameter.The center of the central viewing zone shall bethe point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the CSA headform. (See CS

12、A Z262.6.)3.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces,

13、and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F3077 14. DOI:10.1520/F3077-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

14、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 1

15、0036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.6Availab

16、le from the National Operating Committee on Standards for AthleticEquipment (NOCSAE), http:/www.nocsae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally rec

17、ognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.4 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device thatobs

18、tructs straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.1.5 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens thatallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.1.6 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or theeye of a person wea

19、ring a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would nor-mally look.3.1.7 eye of the headform, nall structures contained withinthe orbital rim of the CSA headform. (See CSA Z262.6.)3.1.8 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam

20、 which is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.8.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.9 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions forthe head forms.3.1.10 impact resistance, nthe ability of a device to affordprotecti

21、on from impact as required by this specification.3.1.11 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part orparts of a protective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.1.12 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the p

22、hotopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by thespectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.13 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriateheadf

23、orm.3.1.14 penetration resistance, nthe ability of a device toafford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.15 plano lens, na lens that does not incorporate acorrective prescription. This lens is not necessarily flat.3.1.16 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition inwh

24、ich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protectoris different as presented to the two eyes.3.1.17 prism, na device that bends a beam of light as aresult of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lensthrough which the beam of light traverses.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThe amount of bend

25、ing is a functionof the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the materialand the angle of approach of the line of sight to the opticalsurface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount ofbending that is imposed upon the line of sight of a wearer of aneye protector for the specified

26、viewing position. Prism isexpressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.17.1 base-in, nrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, toconverge.

27、3.1.17.2 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism imbal-ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing througha protector, spaced apart by the inter-pupillary distance, todiverge.3.1.17.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causesa horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing obje

28、cts toappear lower than their true position.3.1.17.4 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend down causing objectsto appear higher than their true position.3.1.18 prism imbalance, n3.1.18.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incide

29、nt parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in andbase-out.)3.1.18.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof a protective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.19 protective

30、device (or protector), ndevice that pro-vides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.20 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.20.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object p

31、oint, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.21 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within thevisual field.3.1.22 spherical power, nthe average of the maximummeridional astigmatic power and the minimum

32、 meridionalastigmatic power of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IA protector with the lens or lenses and framefront piece molded as one unit. Frame temples or other devices,such as straps, to affix the lens/front piece may be separatepiece

33、s.4.1.2 Type IIAprotector with a single lens or lenses, eitherplano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac-tured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccord

34、ance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face,except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant lossof strength or flexibility, or other physic

35、al change as a result ofperspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, byaffidavit, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.F3077 1725.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shall be capable ofbeing cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-d

36、ance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remainfunctional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be con-structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components ofthe protector from contact with the eye of the headform whentested in accordance with Section 10.5.3 Stra

37、ps are not required on eye protectors, provided theprotector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 8.5, maximum refractive power in any meridian shall notexceed +0.12 or

38、0.2 diopters. Spherical power shall be withinthe range of +0.06 diopters to 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, theastigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall not

39、exceed 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-aheadseeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall notexceed 0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25

40、 prism diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of notless than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as wouldbe viewed

41、 by the two eyes through a single protector as wornshall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by anophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clearprotectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % max

42、imum.UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglasstypes, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the hazein the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of theimage during the test for refractive power or prism sh

43、all befurther tested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and thatwould impair the function of the lens shall be cause forrejection. Vis

44、ual impairment is defined by the scanning andfocimeter test of 8.1.6.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that arevisible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Gray

45、nessshould be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall bepermitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displacedfragments or complete fracture of any components of the

46、 eyeprotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, anydisplacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts theeye, constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headformwhen tested in accordance with Section 10 shall

47、not constitutea failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirementsare met.6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted With Rx (Correc-tive) Lenses:6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lensesshall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highestplus sphere power and lowest m

48、inus sphere power as desired tobe qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) andfinishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratoryfinishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens ofthe same of greater thicknes

49、s at it thinnest point within theprescription range tested and qualified which is made of thesame material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treat-ment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved foruse with that frame.6.3.2 Optical Finishing laboratories shall only fit lenses intoprotector frames within the highest plus and lowest minussphere power as qualified for the frame in accord with theminimum thickness, material(s), manufacturer(s) and surfacetreatment(s) which were qualified and