ASTM E938 E938M - 12 Standard Test Method for Effectiveness of Liquid, Gel, Cream, or Shampoo Insecticides Against Adult Human Lice (Withdrawn 2017).pdf
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1、Designation: E938/E938M 12Standard Test Method forEffectiveness of Liquid, Gel, Cream, or ShampooInsecticides Against Adult Human Lice1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E938/E938M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the effectiveness of pedicu-licidal materials in liquid, gel,
3、or cream form, against the adulthuman louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, the surrogatesubspecies for the human head louse (P.h. capitis). (Only gelsor creams that liquefy at 32C 90F can be tested).1.2 This test method is for the use of those wishing todevelop efficacy data on adult lice.1.3 This test
4、 method consists of five replicates for a statis-tical comparison of formulations.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of
5、the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pr
6、actices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 morbidunable to move towards heat 1 h aftertreatment: sickly, but not necessarily dying; may recover by 24h.2.1.2 moribundunable to move towards heat
7、 (and there-fore food) 24 h after treatment; dying.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Five replicates of 25 lice shall be used for each testconcentration or any other variable tested. Five water controlreplicates will be used on each day of testing.3.2 Percent louse mortality, corrected by Abbotts Formula
8、,is determined.24. Significance and Use4.1 This test method should provide a consistent approachboth in terms of test insects and test procedures for thegathering of efficacy data for pediculicides.4.2 Data collection in this manner should be suitable forproduct development and comparison. In additi
9、on, it should besuitable for review by regulatory agencies.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Test ContainerA 9-dram plastic vial, screened at thebottom with 20-mesh screen, shall be used as the dippingvessel. A plunger, made from a plastic rod, and a circularscreen fits inside the vial. Plastics used sh
10、ould be as chemicallyunreactive as possible. Plastic vials are to be discarded aftereach test.5.2 BeakersA 100- to 500-mL beaker is used to containthe pediculicide into which the test container is dipped.A1000-mL beaker is used as the container in which the lice arewashed after treatment.5.3 Heating
11、 SurfaceA slide warmer that provides heat ofapproximately 37C 98F.5.4 Incubator, capable of maintaining a temperature of31.7C 89F and 60 % RH.5.5 Petri dishes, 8.9 cm in diameter and 1.3 cm deep.5.6 Waterbath, capable of maintaining 32C 90F.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
12、ee E35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.12 on Insect Control Agents.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E938 05(2011)1.DOI: 10
13、.1520/E0938-12.2Abbott, W. S., “A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of An Insecticide,”Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol 18, 1925, pp. 265267.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been s
14、uperseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information15.7 Dark Cotton Corduroy, 4by4cm.5.8 Paper Toweling, Stop Watch, Forceps or Spoon, andWash Bottle.5.9 Test InsectThe test insect is the human body louse,Pediculus humanus humanus
15、. The present strain was estab-lished from the USDA Gainesville strain.3It is a susceptiblestrain and, through selection, has adapted to a rabbit host.5.10 Host AnimalNew Zealand white rabbits.6. Rearing of Test Insects6.1 Collect eggs twice a week. This can be done when thecorduroy patches are plac
16、ed on the rabbit. The adult lice leavethe patches to feed. The patches are then removed from therabbit. Any lice that do remain on the patches should beremoved.6.2 Place the patch containing eggs in a plastic container (10by 7 cm) with a screened lid, and note the date on the container.Place the con
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