2018年北京市中考真题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、第1页（共14页） 2018年北京市中考真题英语一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.（0.50分）My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.A.IB.TheyC.WeD.You解析：考查代词。A我；B他们；C我们；D你们。结合语境我哥哥和我喜欢足球，_每周一起玩一次。可知.应该是我们。答案：C 2.（0.50分）Happy birthday，Peter! Heres a gift you.A.forB.inC.withD.from解析：考查

2、介词。A为了；B在里；C和；D来自。结合语境生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物。表示给的生日礼物。用for.答案：A.3.（0.50分）do you usually go to school，Mary？By bike.A.WhenB.How C.WhereD.Why解析：考查疑问词。A什么时候；B怎么；C哪；D为什么；结合语境玛丽，你通常怎么上学？骑自行车。可知，对乘坐某种交通工具提问，用疑问词how怎么。答案：B.4.（0.50分）Many people like pandas they are cute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.because解析：选项A意为：虽然，选项B意

3、为：如果，选项C意为：当时候。选项D意为：因为。结合句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱。 答案：D5.（0.50分）I go now，or Ill miss my train.A.can 第2页（共14页） B.mightC.mustD.could解析：考查情态动词。A能；B可能；C必须；D能；结合语境我_走了，否则我就赶不上火车了。可知，应该是必须。答案：C.6.（0.50分）Tony is of the three boys，but he is the tallest.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.the youngest解析：考查最高级。A年轻的；B更年轻的；

4、C最年轻的，通常加the；D最年轻的；结合 语境托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的.可知，三者以上比较，用最高级theyoungest最年轻的，最小的。答案：D7.（0.50分）Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.A.readB.readsC.is readingD.has read解析：从every evening判断句子时态用一般现在时，主语是单数。答案：B8.（0.50分）Paul，what were you doing at nine Last night？ I a movie in the

5、 cinema with my friends.A.was watchingB.watchC.have watchedD.will watch解析：根据Paul，what were you doing at nine Last night？，可知at nine Last night是过去比较具体的时间点，动作用过去进行时were/was+doing.答案：A9.（0.50分）David a tennis player，He to play tennis when he was six years o1d.A.beginsB.will beginC.began D.has begun解析：从wh

6、en he was six years o1d判断句子时态用一般过去时。答案：C10.（0.50分）Lucy，is your uncle a teacher？ 第3页（共14页） Yes，he is.He history for nearly 20years.A.teachesB.has taughtC.is teachingD.will teach解析：根据for nearly 20years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，通常用于现在完成时，而且动词应该用延续性动词，现在完成时态结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。答案：B11.（0.50分）Anew international

7、airport in the city next year.A.completesB.is completedC.will complete D.will be completed解析：completes一般现在时；is completed一般现在时的被动语态；will complete一般将来时；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子的主语是Anew international airport以及时间状语next year所以要用一般将来时的被动语态来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在城市完工。答案：D12.（0.50分）Alice，could

8、 you tell me London？Sure. Last SundayA.when Mr.Smith leftB.when Mr.Smith wi11 leaveC.when did Mr.Smith leaveD.when will Mr.Smith leave 解析：根据could you tell me可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项CD是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时。答案：A二、完形填空（共8分，共1小题）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项

9、。13.（8.00分）Real Solutions（解决方法）to ProblemsThirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn.The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problemsOne day，the team was called for a1. in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reachedthe

10、hall holding various 2. .As they entered，they found a box placed in the center，full of flat balloonsThe manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to writetheir names on their respective（各自的）balloons3. so that the balloons wouldnt blow out.Alltried，but not everyone

11、 was 4. . Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 5. out of the game. As a 第4页（共14页） result，25 engineers came to the next level.All the balloons carrying their names were 6. andthen put into a room，here and there.The engineers were told to

12、 pick the balloon with his or her name on，All the 25engineersbegan to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15minutes but no one was ableto 7. the right one. The second level of the game was over.Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give i

13、t to personnamed on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes，all balloons 8. the hands of the respectiveengineers.The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life，sharingand helping others give us real solutions to problems.1.A.gameB.show C.concertD.patry解析：考查名词

14、辨析，下文提到The second level of the game was over游戏结束，A游戏，B表演，C音乐会，D聚会，故选A.答案：A2.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans解析：考查名词辨析，根据all reached the hall holding various带着各种.来到这里，前面提到惊奇，所以是每个人有各种的想法，A目的，B建议，C想法，D计划，故选C. 答案：C3.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly解析：考查形容词辨析，根据the balloons wouldnt blow o

15、ut不能打破气球，所以是轻轻的，A轻轻的，B仔细的，C秘密的，D清楚的，故选A.答案：A4.A.bonest B.readyC.patientD.succeesful解析：考查形容词辨析，根据Five balloons blew out due to pressure坏了5个，可知并不是所有人都成功了，A诚实的，B准备好的，C有耐心的，D成功的，故选D. 第5页（共14页） 答案：D5.A.checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cleaned解析：考查动词辨析，根据Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons失败的人，所以是

16、出局，rule out排除；A检查，B帮助，C规则，D清晰，故选C.答案：C6.A.collected B.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned解析：考查动词辨析，根据then put into a room，here and there将气球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的气球收集起来，A收集，B称重，C打结，D打扫，故选A.答案：A7.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find解析：考查动词辨析，根据right one正确的那个人，由此推测是找到那个人，A标记，B躲 藏，C计数，D找到，故选D.答案：D8.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit解析：考查动

17、词辨析，根据the hands of the respective engineers气球上名字对应的人，由此可知是交给那个人，A释放，B到达，C举起，D打击，故选B.答案：B三、阅读下列短文.根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 项。（共26分，每小题6分14.（6.00分）Roger：Hi，there！It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends andAlan.my cousin，came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift，we play

18、ed games，sang songsand had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special lastweek？ 第6页（共14页） Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last week.First，We went to the Universityof North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketbal

19、l stars werestudents there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and tookmany pictures there.Sara：Well，I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议）on charity（慈善）lastWednesday. I was excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy namedRichard. He sp

20、oke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.Martin：It was a different week than usual，Last Thursday，my school band（乐队）wentto Atlanta to perform in a competition.I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we wentto the Georgia Aquarium and got to see dif

21、ferent kinds of sea life from over the world. It wasreally cool!1.When did Roger have his birthday party？ A.Last WednesdayB. last thursdayC.Last FridayD.Last Saturday解析：细节理解题，根据Roger：It was my 15th birthday last Saturday罗杰：这是我上周六的15岁生日。可知罗杰的生日是上周六，答案D.答案：D2.Who went on a school field trip last week？

22、A.Alan.B.JessicaC.SaraD.Richard. 解析：细节理解题，根据Jessica：Yes，My class were on a school field trip last week杰西卡：是的，上个星期我的班级去参加学校郊游了，可知杰西卡上个星期参加学校郊游，答案B.答案：B3.Martin went toAtlantaA.speak at a conferenceB.organize a partyC.perform in a competitionD.visit a university解析：细节理解题，根据Martin：Last Thursday，my schoo

23、l band（乐队）went toAtlanta toperform in a competition，马丁：上周四，我的学校乐队在亚特兰大的一次比赛中表演了，可知马丁去亚特兰大在比赛中表演，答案C.答案：C 15.（6.00分）ABeautiful MomentWhen I was in high school. I worked parttime helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a 第7页（共14页） market. One day，as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by w

24、ith his mom and sister. Hewas about eight years old，and the girl. five or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me.I heard the kids say to their mom（in French），Theyre good! I knew it was French. Because Ican speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits. At first I th

25、ought she was really looking atthe fruits because she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smelleach one as she picked them out. And often asked her son if it looked okay，but looked wayabove where his face was. Putting what I saw together，I was sure she was blind.Both of

26、the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruitswere not obviously bad，and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt eachone and smiled，and the daughter would put them into their basket. The kids were smiling whilehelping their mom pick the fruits

27、 out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking outcandies or toys in a store for themselves，instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the twokids did.It was great

28、 to witness the moment，but not so great because I didnt tell the mom howbeautiful her children were in their language. this is what I regret to this day.1.The women and her kids came to the market to buy .A. fruitsB. vegetablesC. candiesD. toys解析：细节理解题，根据Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits

29、.然后我注意到妈妈是如何挑选水果的，可知他们是来买水果的，答案A.答案：A 2.According to what he saw，the writer was sure the mother couldnt .A. speakB. seeC. smellD. hear解析：细节理解题，根据I was sure she was blind.我确定她是盲人，可知作者认为这个妈妈看不到，答案B.答案：B3.The writer was moved because .A. the mother was brave to face her problems.B. the kids were polite

30、 and kind to each otherC. the mother was careful in picking out things D. the kids were so willing to help their mother解析：细节理解题，根据It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kidsthat age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves，instead of helping theirmom

31、 pick out fruits as the two kids did.看到这么小的孩子们如此乐于助人，真是太美了。大多 第8页（共14页） 数同龄的孩子会在商店里为自己挑选糖果或玩具，而不是像两个孩子那样帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果。可知作者被这两个孩子愿意帮助他们的母亲而感到，答案D。答案：D16.（6.00分）Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green spacearound. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and gre

32、y matter in certain areas ofthe brain. These differences are associated（关联）with beneficial effects on cognitive function（认知功能）. This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for GlobalHealth.The study was performed among 253schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure（接触）togree

33、n space in the living places was recordedusing the information on the childrens addressesfrom birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magneticresonance imaging（MRI）. Working memory and inattentiveness（注意力不集中）were graded with computers.This is the first study t

34、hat shows the association between longterm exposure to greenspace and brain structure. Says Dr. Payam Dadvand，the leading researcher of the study，Ourfindings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structuralchanges in the brain.The findings show that longterm e

35、xposure to greenness is positively associated with whiteand grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores oncognitive tests. Moreover，larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead tobetter working memory and less inattentiveness.Expo

36、sure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children.Another study of 2，593children shows that children in school with more green space have agreater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in

37、 greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly，green space is thought to prompt importantexercises in discovery，creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influencebrain development.Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring

38、 about the beneficialeffects of green spaces on cognitive development，it also adds to the proof that suggests thelasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasinggreenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations，s

39、ettings and climates.And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.1.The second paragraph is mainly about .A. how the study was performedB. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study解析：细节理解题，根据The study wa

40、s performed among 253schoolchildren in Spain可知此段主要讲述的是有关于研究如何进行的事情，答案A.答案：A 第9页（共14页） 2.The word prompt in paragraph 6probably means .A. controlB. encourageC. balanceD. change解析：词意猜测题，根据These exercises in turn positively influence brain development可知是极大的促进大脑的发育，四个选项中意思最为接近的是鼓励，促进，答案B.答案：B3.What can

41、we learn from the passage？A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain. D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain develo

42、pment.解析：推理判断题，根据Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life couldresult in beneficial structural changes in the brain可知在绿色环境下生活有利于大脑发育，答案D.答案：D17.（8.00分）We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will helpus unlock our selfimprovement power. Howev

43、er，theres always something staring at us rightunder our nose but we dont see it. The only time we think of unlocking our selfimprovementpower is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets？When none of our shirts and jeans wouldfit us. When do we stop eating candies an

44、d chocolates？When all of our teeth have fallen off.When do we realize that we need to stop smoking？When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our selfimprovement power is whenthe whole wor

45、ld is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change，butchange becomes more painful when we ignore（忽视）it，Change will happen，like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finallyunlock our selfimprovement power not because the world says so. But because

46、we realize itsfor our own good.Happy people dont just accept change；they embrace（拥抱）it. Unlocking our selfimprovement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way weare. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt h

47、ave the courage to be around groups of people.She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years，that is whatJane has believed. Every time a great crowd come，she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story，but lives it!Selfimproveme

48、nt may not be everybodys favorite word，but if we look at things in adifferent way，we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of countingthe days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in ahealthier life. Reading books every day would bu

49、ild up knowledge. And only when we are 第10页（共14页） enjoying the whole process of unlocking our selfimprovement power will we realize that werebeginning to take things light and become happy.1.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2to show that .A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句The only time we think of unlocking our selfimprovement power is when everything gets worst我们认为打开自我提高能力的唯一时刻是当一切变得最糟糕的时候。可知，作