2018年陕西省西安地区八校高三第一次联考试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年陕西省西安地区八校高三第一次联考试题英语本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AGet ready to fill your days full of fun and adventure. West Dorset, an area of outstandingnatural beauty, is always a place to go an

2、d there is always something going on. The following aresome of the star attractions. Mapperton House neither did IB. From then on,Apple and I tried to avoid meeting that man at our schoolC. From then on, the man would askApple to send messages to my teacherD. From then on, my teacher would give toAp

3、ple the stamps on all her letters解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句I did not know how long we had been there.Finally, the man left, looking very worried and disappointed.和最后一段中He told me that thesewere from our teacher. She said that she once had a friend who was a stamp-collector too, but shehad lost him forever

4、, so the stamps she had collected for him were no longer useful.因为老师和那位男士的关系最后破裂，Apple和作者对老师和那位男士的情况比较了解，所以最合适的结 尾应该是Apple和我都不在收集邮票。故选A。答案：A CBabbage, born in London in 1791, was a great mathematical genius. He was a natural inventor.When he finished school, he went to study mathematics at Cambridge

5、 University. Later, hegot a job teaching at the university. While working there, he designed his “first difference engine”.This was, basically, a hand-operated mechanical calculator.He took nine years to build a part of the machine. This machine can make complexmathematical calculations. Its a basic

6、 mechanical computer.Babbage dreamed, however, of more complicated machines. In fact, he didnt only dream; hebegan to design them. The result was a series of “analytical engines” which were in fact powerfulcomputers!His designs contained processors, control units, a memory, and an input/output syste

7、m. Theseare the four essential parts of a modern mathematical computer!Alas! His “second difference engine” couldnt use electricity since this hadnt yet become ausable source of power, so Babbage had to make do with mechanical systems. For this reason, the machine was big, complicated and expensive.

8、 Though Babbage produced complete plans for themachine, he couldnt build it. It was too advanced for its age!It was not until almost 160 years later that Babbages “second difference engine” was finallymanufactured. The first working version of this machine was built by the Science Museum inLondon, f

9、or the Babbage bicentenary in 1991.Asecond machine was then built for anAmericanhigh-tech millionaire, who put it in the Computer History Museum, in California.Babbages analytical engines would have used “programs” like those used in the textile(纺织)industry to make complicated patterns, but they wer

10、e never built. This brilliant mathematicianreally was too far ahead of his time!8. Where did Babbage plan his “first difference engine”?A. In LondonB.At high schoolC.At Cambridge D. In Science Museum解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中When he finished school, he went to study mathematics atCambridge University. Later, h

11、e got a job teaching at the university. While working there, hedesigned his “first difference engine”.可知BabbageAt Cambridge计划他的“first differenceengine。故选C。答案：C9. What do we know about his “second difference engine”?A. It took him nine years to build itB. It was far ahead of its timeC. Its deign came

12、 out in his dreamsD. Its power source was electricity解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中Alas! His “second difference engine” couldnt useelectricity since this hadnt yet become a usable source of power, -It was too advanced for its age! 可知，关于他的“second difference engine”我们得知它远远超过了它的时代。故选B。答案：B10. The “second difference

13、 engine” was built to work in 1991 _.A. for anAmerican millionaireB. in memory of Babbage C. to test its ability to use electricityD. for textile industry to make patterns解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中It was not until almost 160 years later that Babbages“second difference engine was finally manufactured. The fir

14、st working version of this machinewas built by the Science Museum in London, for the Babbage bicentenary in 1991.可知，The“second difference engine”在1991年被建成是为了纪念Babbage。故选B。答案：B11. What can we infer from the text?A. Babbages engines didnt run on programsB. Textile patterns are produced with programsC.

15、 Babbage can be seen as the father of computersD. Babbages analytical engines were never built解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Babbages analytical engines would have used “programs” like those used in the textile(纺织)industry to make complicated patterns, but they were neverbuilt. This brilliant mathematician really w

16、as too far ahead of his time!从本文我们可推知，Babbage可以被称为计算机之父。故选C。答案：C DWhen youre out with a friend and take a photo of yourselves, do you know that you are alsocreating a work of art? Or that you are competing with Vincent van Gogh himself? Probably not.Your idea might be to show off your selfie(自拍照) on

17、 WeChat or QQ, but you probably dontthink of the Internet as a gallery or of yourself as an artist.But the chief executive of Londons Saatchi Gallery, Nigel Hurst, thinks that the casualpictures we take of ourselves have something in common with self-portraits by the great masters.In support of the

18、idea, the Saatchi Gallery has a new exhibition called From Selfie to Self-Expression.It features well-known self-portraits from artists including Dutch painters Van Gogh(1853-1890) and Rembrandt (16061669). It also has selfies on show that have “quickly becomeicons of the digital era.” These include

19、 one taken by US celebrity(名人) Kim Kardashian andanother of former US President Barack Obama with former UK Prime Minister David Cameron,according to the BBC.The gallery is even encouraging visitors to add their own selfies to the show.Hurst is perhaps not being 100 percent serious. He isnt claiming

20、 that a snap you take ofyourself in your favorite restaurant can be compared with a self-image painted by Van Gogh. Buthe does make a serious point. Once upon a time, it was only artists who could make images ofthemselves. They were the only ones, as Hurst told The Guardian, who “had the skills, mat

21、erialsand tools to create self-portraits.” Today, however, we “all have that ability through oursmartphones.” The popularity of the selfie rocketed after smartphones started to become widely used. In2013, Oxford Dictionaries named “selfie” as its word of the year.As Pamela Rutledge, a professorat th

22、e Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, told Vogue magazine: “the cult (热潮)ofthe selfie celebrates regular people”.12. What does the underlined word “features” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. informsB. showsC. sellsD. misses解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句It also has selfies on show that-，它也展示了-。由

23、此可知上句It features well-known self-portraits-中的划线词义是“展示”。on show展览，展示；show展出，展示。故选B。答案：B13. Nigel Hursts attitude to the smartphone selfie is_.A. casualB. mixedC. favorableD. negative 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段the chief executive of Londons Saatchi Gallery, Nigel Hurst,thinks that-by the great masters. In support

24、 of the idea, the Saatchi Gallery has a new exhibitioncalled From Selfie to Self-Expression.可知，Nigel Hurst对自拍照是赞成的。故选C。答案：C14. Who shares opinions with Nigel Hurst?A. Kim KardashianB. Barack ObamaC. David CameronD. Pamela Rutledge解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句As Pamela Rutledge, a professor at theMassachusetts

25、 School of Professional Psychology, told Vogue magazine: “the cult (热潮)of theselfie celebrates regular people”.可知，Pamela Rutledge和Nigel Hurst分享相同的观点。故选D。 答案：D15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Selfies as Self-portraitsB.Age of SmartphonesC.Age of Selfie ArtistsD. Self

26、ies of Celebrities解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段Probably not. Your idea might be to show off your selfie(自拍照) on WeChat or QQ, but you probably dont think of the Internet as a gallery or of yourself asan artist.根据最后一段第一、二句The popularity of the selfie rocketed after smartphones startedto become widely used. In 2013,

27、 Oxford Dictionaries named “selfie” as its word of the year.可知，本文讲的是关于自拍艺术，所以本文最佳主题应该是“自拍艺术家的时代”，故选C。答案：C 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What will happen to you when you start reading more nonfiction books?Youll learn valuable life lessons. You could watch a show about

28、Abraham Lincoln, or you could read his first-hand account in a biography. _16_Biographies offer glimpses(一瞥)intothe success and failure of well-known people throughout history. Reading about the experiences ofothers can teach you valuable life lessons.Your concentration will improve. _17_By making a

29、 habit concentrating, youll find iteasier to be more present and more productive. Fifteen minutes reading or listening to nonfictionon your way to will put you in a more focused mindset upon arrival at the office._18_By exposing yourself to more nonfiction, your vocabulary will expand, givingyou mor

30、e words to work into everyday conversations. Youll also pick up on the style ofaccomplished authors, helping you sharpen your own skills as a speaker.Reading upgrades your brain. Reading nonfiction is a workout for your brain that not onlyimproves memory and analytical skills but might help protect

31、against neurological(神经系统的)disorders. _19_._20_Nonfiction is the gateway to knowledge a formal education often lacks. From history to business and religion to psychology, nonfiction lights up any number of areas, makingyou more intelligent and well-rounded.A. Reading requires focus.B. Youll become b

32、righterC. Listening makes a merry tripD. You will become more creativeE. Youll become a better communicatorF. The latter will be a lot more fascinatingG.Achapter a day could keep the doctor away解析：16.根据上句：你可以观看关于亚伯拉罕林肯的节目，或者你可以在传记中读到他的第一手描述。由此可知，F项，（The latter will be a lot more fascinating后者将更具有吸引力

33、。）符合题意。The latter后者，是关键词。17.根据上句：你的注意力将会提高。再根据空格下句：通过养成集中精力的习惯，-。 由此可知，读书需要集中精力。故选A。关键词concentration和focus是同义词。18.根据下句：通过让自己更纪实，你的词汇量将会扩大，会给你更多的话语来参与日常对话。可知你会成为一个更好的传播者。故选E。19.根据上句：读散文是一种大脑锻炼,不仅提高记忆力和分析能力而且可能有助于防止神经紊乱。由此推知，一天读一篇就能让医生远离。故选G。20.此空位于段落首句，是本段主题句。根据下句：散文是正式教育所缺乏的知识门户，它会让你更聪明，更全面。可知，你将会变得

34、更聪明。故选B。答案：16. F 17.A 18. E 19. G 20. B第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many years ago in a small Indian village, a farmer had the misfortune of owing a large sumof money to a village moneylender. The moneylender, who was old and ugly,

35、_21_thefarmers beautiful daughter. So he proposed a _22_. He said he would forgive thefarmers_23_if he could marry his daughter.Both the farmer and his daughter were horrified by the_24_. So the cunning moneylender suggested that he put a _25_ pebble(鹅卵石)and a white pebble into an emptymoney bag, _2

36、6_the girl would have to pick one pebble from the bag. _27_she pickedthe black pebble, she would become his _28_and her fathers debt would be forgiven. If shepicked the white pebble she _29_ marry him and her fathers debt would still be forgiven ifshe _30_to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown

37、 into jail.They were standing on a pebble-strewn_31_in the farmers field when the moneylenderbent over to _32_two pebble.As he picked them up, the sharp-eyed girl _33_that he hadpicked up two black pebbles and put them into the beg.The girl put her hand into the moneybag and drew out a _34_ . Withou

38、t looking at it, shefumbled and let it _35_onto the pebble-strewn path where it _36_became lost amongall the other pebbles.“Oh, how _37_of me!” she said. “But never mind, if you look into the bag for the onethat is_38_, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.” The moneylender dared not admit

39、 his_39_. The girl changed what seemed an_40_situation into an extremely advantageous one.21.A. enviedB. marriedC. fanciedD. helped22.A. meetingB. changeC. bargainD. toast23. A. debtB. paymentC. faultD. pride24.A. thoughtB. adviceC. planD. proposal25.A. sharpB. blackC. common D. small26.A. forB. and

40、C. but D. or27.A. BecauseB.AlthoughC. IfD. Since28.A. moneylenderB. servantC. wifeD. daughter29.A. couldnt B. shouldntC. mustntD. neednt30.A. pretendedB. agreedC. refusedD. decided31.A. pathB. areaC. placeD. garden 32.A. throw awayB. ask forC. pick upD. point at33.A. ignoredB. warnedC. noticedD. sug

41、gested34.A. pennyB. pebble C. coinD. piece35.A. rollB. fall C. flyD. move36.A. interestinglyB. mysteriouslyC. unexpectedlyD. immediately37.A. clumsyB. forgetfulC. stupidD. hopeless38. A. heldB. chosenC. foundD. left39.A. dishonestyB. worryC. mistakeD. guilt40.A. impossibleB. embarrassingC. urgent D.

42、 unbelievable解析：21.考查动词。A. envied嫉妒；B. married结婚；C. fancied想像，设想，喜爱；D. helped帮助。从文章第三段第一句的she would become his wife而可以推知他“爱慕(fancied)”农夫漂亮的女儿。故选C。22.考查名词。A. meeting会议；B. change改变；C. bargain交易，便宜货；D. toast干杯。根据第二段第一句的at the suggestion可知他为了娶到农夫的女儿而提出了一个“交易(bargain)”。故选C。23.考查名词。A. debt债务；B. payment付款；

43、C. fault错误；D. pride自豪。根据第三段第一句后半部分的would be forgiven可知如果女儿嫁给他，他就会“放弃(give up)”农夫的债务。故选A。24.考查名词。A. thought思想；B. advice建议；C. plan计划；D. proposal建议。从第一段最后两句可以得知那个放债人的主意很坏，因此农夫和女儿很“害怕(terrified)”这个做法。故选D。 25.考查形容词。A. sharp锋利的；B. black黑色的；C. common普通的；D. small小的。根据下文a white pebble和If she got the black pe

44、bble可知此处应该选B。26.考查并列连词。A. for因为；B. and和；C. but但是；D. or或者。他把一个黑色的鹅卵石和一个白色的鹅卵石放进一个空的钱袋里，并且那女孩得从袋子里挑一颗石子。此处表示并列的递进关系，故选B。 27.考查连词。A. Because因为；B.Although尽管；C. If如果；D. Since既然。如果她挑选了黑色的鹅卵石，她就成为他的妻子，她父亲的债务可以被免除。故选C。28.考查名词。A. moneylender放债者；B. servant仆人；C. wife妻子；D. daughter女儿。如果她挑选了黑色的鹅卵石，她就成为他的妻子，她父亲的债

45、务可以被免除。故选C。29.考查情态动词。A. couldnt不能；B. shouldnt不应该；C. mustnt禁止，不允许；D. neednt不必。根据第一段第三句的- if he could marry his daughter可知他想娶农夫的女儿，因此他提出的条件是如果她选到白色的鹅卵石就不必嫁给他。故选D。30.考查动词。A. pretended假装；B. agreed同意；C. refused拒绝；D. decided决定。根据第二段最后一句的her father would be thrown into jail可以推知她父亲会被关进监狱是因为她“拒绝(refused)”嫁给他

46、。故选C。31.考查名词。A. path小路；B. area区域；C. place地方；D. garden花园。根据文章第四段第二句的onto the pebble path可知他们站在一条有很多鹅卵石的“小路(path)”上。故选A。32.考查动词词组。A. throw away扔掉；B. ask for请求；C. pick up捡起；D. point at 指向。根据bent over可只是弯腰要捡起鹅卵石。故选C。33.考查动词。A. ignored忽视；B. warned警告；C. noticed注意到；D. suggested建议。当放债者捡起鹅卵石时，目光敏锐的女孩注意到他捡了两个

47、黑色的鹅卵石放在袋子里。可知答案为C。34.考查名词。A. penny便士；B. pebble鹅卵石；C. coin硬币；D. piece块，件。女孩把手放进钱袋，抓出一个鹅卵石。故选B。35.考查动词。A. roll滚动；B. fall落下；C. fly飞行；D. move移动。她连看都没看，让它落在铺满鹅卵石的小路上。故选B。36.考查副词。A. interestingly有趣地；B. mysteriously神秘地；C. unexpectedly未料到地；D. immediately立刻，马上。她连看都没看，让它落在铺满鹅卵石的小路上，它立刻消失在小路上所有其他鹅卵石中。故选D。37.考

48、查形容词。A. clumsy笨拙的；B. forgetful健忘的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. hopeless没有希望的。从文章第四段第二句的she let it fall onto the pebble path可知农夫的女儿故意把 鹅卵石掉在路上，因此她自责说自己“笨拙(clumsy)”。故选A。38.考查动词。A. held握住；B. chosen选择；C. found发现；D. left离开。两块鹅卵石，拿走了一块，因此可以看看“剩下(left)”的那块是什么颜色。故选D。39.考查名词。A. dishonesty不诚实；B. worry担忧；C. mistake错误；D. gu

49、ilt犯罪。放债人放进了两块黑色的鹅卵石，他不敢承认他自己的不诚实。故选A。40.考查形容词。A. impossible不可能的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. urgent紧急的；D. unbelievable难以置信的。农夫的女儿把“不可能(impossible)”的情形变成了非常有利于自己的情形。故选A。答案：21. C 22. C 23.A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. C 31.A32. C 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. D 37.A 38. D 39.A 40.A第II卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Some of the most interesting words in English are the actual names of the people firstinvolved in the activities th