专业英语八级英语语言学知识-2及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级英语语言学知识-2及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT correct?A. Polysemy is the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning.B. Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.C. Hyponymy refe

2、rs to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.D. Antonymy is used for the sameness or close similarity of meaning.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.2.Bow(v.)and bow (n.) are _.A. homophones B. homographsC. complete homonyms D. partial homonyms（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.3.Scale (

3、v.) and scale (n.) are _.A. homophones B. homographsC. complete homonyms D. partial homonyms（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.4.Which of the following is correct?A. Superordinate is the word more specific in meaning.B. Hyponym is the word more general in meaning.C. Co-hyponyms are the hyponyms of the same superordin

4、ate.D. Flower is the co-hyponym ofrose, morning glory, carmination.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.5.X: Johns bike needs repairing.Y: John has a bike.The relationship of X and Y is _.A. synonymous B. inconsistent C. X entailing Y D. X presupposing Y（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.6.According to the componential analysis, the wor

5、ds boy and man differ in the feature ofA. HUMAN B. ANIMATE C. MALE D. ADULT（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.7.According to predication analysis, the predications of Tom hates soup. and It is cool. are respectively _ and _.A. no-place predication, two-place predicationB. two-place predication, one-place predicationC

6、. two-place predication, no-place predicationD. no-place predication, one-place predication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.8.Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?A. It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth.B. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shar

7、ed by the speaker and the hearer.C. It determines the speakers use of language and also the hearers interpretation of what is said to him.D. It is essential to the syntactic study of language.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.9.Which of the following is NOT correct?A. The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decont

8、extualized.B. The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.C. The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.D. Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.10.Speech

9、Act theory was originated with _.A. Saussure B. Bloomfield C. Austin D. Firth（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.11.According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking except _.A. locutionary act B. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary act D. imperlocutionary act（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.12

10、.You have left the window wide open. Which of the following is the illocutionary act performed by the speaker?A. The speaker intends to ask someone to close the window or make a complaint.B. The hearer closes the window.C. The speaker intends to express what the words literally mean.D. None of the a

11、bove.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.13.How many categories do speech acts fall into according to John Searle?A. Three. B. Four C. Five D. Six（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.14.Which of the following is the typical case of commissives?A. Believing. B. Ordering. C. Promising. D. Congratulating.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.15.Which of the fol

12、lowing is the specific instance of directives?A. Swearing. B. Suggesting. C. Undertaking. D. Apologizing.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.16.How many maxims are under Grices CP?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.17.A: What do you think of James?B: A fine day, isnt it?In the dialogue, Bs answer flou

13、ts which of the four maxims of CP?A. The maxim of quality. B. The maxim of quantity.C. The maxim of manner. D. The maxim of relation.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.18.A: Shall we get something for the kids?B: Yes. But I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.In the dialogue, Bs answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP?A. The m

14、axim of quality. B. The maxim of quantity.C. The maxim of manner. D. The maxim of relation.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.19.What essentially distinguishes Semantics and Pragmatics is the notion of _.A. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D. context（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.20.The _ century is considered to be the beginning

15、of modem English.A. 20th B. 19th C. 18th D. 17th（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.21.Which of the following does NOT belong to the methods of the addition of new words?A. Acronyms. B. Back-formation. C. Functional shift D. Semantic shift.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.22.Fridge is a _ and B2B is _.A. blend, clipped word B. clippe

16、d word, acronymC. back-formation, loan word D. acronym, coined word（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.23.The following words are the examples for back-formation EXCEPT _.A. to hawk B. to baby-sit C. to bug D. to beg（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.24.The following words are the examples for blending EXCEPT _.A. brunch B. smog C. mot

17、el D. gym（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.25.Which of the following words is NOT the example of semantic narrowing?A. Tail. B. Deer. C. Meat. D. Corn.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.26.Which of the following words is the example of semantic broadening?A. hound B. companion C. silly D. girl（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.27.The new words such as

18、 police officer, chairperson are created because _.A. science and technology are developing rapidlyB. computer and internet technology are more and more popularC. women have taken up activities formerly reserved for menD. the children can remember them as quickly as possible（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.28.As sc

19、ience and technology develops, the word planet-friendly is coined in the _ domain.A. space travel B. computer and internet languageC. ecology D. IT（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.29.Quarantine once had the restricted meaning forty days isolation. This is an example of _.A. semantic broadening B. semantic narrowing

20、C. semantic shift D. loss of words（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.30.The word holiday originally meant a holy day; but now the word signifies any day when we dont have to work. This is an example of _.A. meaning shift B. widening of meaningC. narrowing of meaning D. loss of meaning（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.31.A special lan

21、guage variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purpose of trading is called _.A. dialect B. idiolect C. pidgin D. register（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.32.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT _.A. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological

22、D. psycholinguistic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.33.Which of the following is NOT the speech variety?A. Regional dialects. B. Sociolects.C. Registers. D. Discourse accents.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.34.Which of the following does NOT fall into dialectal varieties?A. Regional dialects. B. Sociolects.C. Registers. D. Idiole

23、cts.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.35.Halliday distinguishes three social variables that determine the register EXCEPT _.A. field of discourse B. tenor of discourseC. community of discourse D. mode of discourse（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.36.Standard dialect is _.A. designated as the official or national language of a countr

24、yB. a dialect a child acquired naturally like his regional dialectC. used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposeD. used by people who belong to the higher social stares（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.37.The form of a given language used in a certain geographical space is called _.A. style B

25、. dialect C. register D. pidgin（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.38._ is a situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play.A. Bilingualism B. Diglossia C. Bilaterality D. Diglot（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.39.Which of the following statements abou

26、t tenor of discourse is correct?A. It refers to the role of relationship in the situation in question: who the participants in the communication groups are and in what relationship they stand to each other.B. It refers to the means of communication.C. It refers to what is going on: to the area of op

27、eration of the language activity.D. It refers to the type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.40.Which of the following statements is NOT the concern of sociolinguists?A. The language a person uses reveals his social background.B. There exist social

28、 norms that determine the type of language to be used on a certain occasion.C. How does the human mind work when people use language.D. To investigate the social aspects of language.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语八级英语语言学知识-2答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT cor

29、rect?A. Polysemy is the phenomenon that the same one word may have more than one meaning.B. Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.C. Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.D. Anton

30、ymy is used for the sameness or close similarity of meaning.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：A项polysemy一词多义现象表示同一个词有多个意义；B项homonymy同形异义关系指某些词的意义不同，但是具有相同形式的现象，即不同的词在发音或拼写上一样，或发音拼写都一样；C项hyponymy(下义关系)是指一个更广义、更具有包容性的词与一个更具体的词之间的意义关系。D项antonymy(反义关系)指意义上的对立，而不是意义上的相同或相近(synonymy)。2.Bow(v.)and bow (n.) are _.A. homo

31、phones B. homographsC. complete homonyms D. partial homonyms（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：“Bow”(v.)and“bow”(n.)，发音不同，是homographs(同形异义词)；比较piece和peace，拼写不同，是homophones(同音异义词)。3.Scale (v.) and scale (n.) are _.A. homophones B. homographsC. complete homonyms D. partial homonyms（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：“scale”(v.)表示“称

32、重、攀登”等意，“scale”(n.)表示“天平，规模”等意，而两词的发音和拼写都相同，故为同形异义词。4.Which of the following is correct?A. Superordinate is the word more specific in meaning.B. Hyponym is the word more general in meaning.C. Co-hyponyms are the hyponyms of the same superordinate.D. Flower is the co-hyponym ofrose, morning glory, ca

33、rmination.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：superordinate上义词是指更广泛的词；hyponym下义词为具体的词；同一个上义词的几个下义词之间互为co-hyponyms并列下义词。“flower”是上义词，“rose”，“morning glory”，“carmination”是并列下义词。5.X: Johns bike needs repairing.Y: John has a bike.The relationship of X and Y is _.A. synonymous B. inconsistent C. X entailing Y D. X presu

34、pposing Y（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：“John的自行车需要修理”的前提是“他有自行车”，两句是预设、前提关系。6.According to the componential analysis, the words boy and man differ in the feature ofA. HUMAN B. ANIMATE C. MALE D. ADULT（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：男孩和男人的主要区别是男孩是孩子，男人是成人。他们都是“人，有生命的，男性”。7.According to predication analysis, the predicatio

35、ns of Tom hates soup. and It is cool. are respectively _ and _.A. no-place predication, two-place predicationB. two-place predication, one-place predicationC. two-place predication, no-place predicationD. no-place predication, one-place predication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：根据述谓结构中的变元(argument)数量，述谓结构可分为双位

36、述谓结构(含两个变元)、单位述谓结构(含一个变元)和空位述谓结构(不含变元)。Tom hates soup中有两个名词性成分Tom和soup，为该结构的逻辑参与者，为双位述谓结构；It is cool中包含非人称代词it不能看作是一个变元，故为空位述谓结构。8.Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?A. It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth.B. It is generally considered as constituted

37、by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.C. It determines the speakers use of language and also the hearers interpretation of what is said to him.D. It is essential to the syntactic study of language.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：语境这个概念由英国语言学家John Firth最先提出，一般认为它是由言者和听者的共享知识构成，它决定着言者对语言的运用和听者对他所听

38、到话语的理解，它对语言的语用研究(而非句法研究)来说是必不可少的。9.Which of the following is NOT correct?A. The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized.B. The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.C. The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.D. Utterance meaning is the realization o

39、f the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：句子的意思是抽象的、非语境化的，而话语的意义却是具体的、依赖于语境的。话语的意义是基于句子意义之上的；它是一个句子的抽象意义在一个真实的交际场合或仅在一个语境中的体现。10.Speech Act theory was originated with _.A. Saussure B. Bloomfield C. Austin D. Firth（分数：2.50）A.B

40、.C.D.解析：言语行为理论是20世纪50年代后期英国哲学家John Austin首先提出的。瑞士语言学家Ferdinand de Saussure是现代语言学之父，著有Course in General Linguistics；行为主义者Bloomfield借助行为主义心理学定义了语言形式的意义。英国语言学家John Firth提出了语境这个概念。11.According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking except _.A. locutionary act B.

41、 illocutionary actC. perlocutionary act D. imperlocutionary act（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：英国哲学家John Austin的言语行为理论将言语行为分为言内、言外和言后三种行为。12.You have left the window wide open. Which of the following is the illocutionary act performed by the speaker?A. The speaker intends to ask someone to close the window or m

42、ake a complaint.B. The hearer closes the window.C. The speaker intends to express what the words literally mean.D. None of the above.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：言内行为指说话这一行为的本身，使用音位、词汇、句法来表达字面意义的行为；言外行为指表达说话者交流目的或意图的行为；而言后行为指通过某些话实施的行为，或讲某些话所导致的行为，实际上是话语所产生的后果或者所引起的变化。本题选A。13.How many categories do speech ac

43、ts fall into according to John Searle?A. Three. B. Four C. Five D. Six（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：Searle区分的五类分别是：representatives(阐述类)，directives(指令类)，commissives(承诺类)，expressives(表达类)，declarations(宣告类)。14.Which of the following is the typical case of commissives?A. Believing. B. Ordering. C. Promising. D. C

44、ongratulating.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：承诺类是那些言者对未来行为过程做出承诺的言外行为，即在说话的时候，言者将自己置于某种义务中；允诺(promising)，保证(undertaking)，发誓(vowing)都是最典型的例子。15.Which of the following is the specific instance of directives?A. Swearing. B. Suggesting. C. Undertaking. D. Apologizing.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：指令类是言者让听者做某事的企图。邀请inviting，建议suggesting，要求requesting，忠告advising，警告warning，威胁threatening，命令ordering是其例。16.How many maxims are under Grices CP?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：美国哲学家Grice提出会话的合作原则具体体现为：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。17.A: What d