职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-2及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.（分数：1.00）A.baggageB.orphanageC.reportageD.usage2.The workers finally called off the strike.（分数：1.00）A.pu

2、t offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in3.In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.mindC.accountD.memory4.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused5.Many of

3、 novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people.（分数：1.00）A.solitaryB.gloomyC.feebleD.frugal6.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper7.Americas emphasis on the importance of educati

4、on for everyone has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.enlarged8.John has Umade up his mind/U not to go to the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.wantedB.promisedC.decidedD.agreed9.He often finds fault with my work.（分数：1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about10.Below

5、600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.（分数：1.00）A.inadequatelyB.hardlyC.faintlyD.sufficiently11.“Im not meddling,“ Mary said mildly. “Im just curious.“（分数：1.00）A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.sweetly12.Have you talked to her lately?（分数：1.00）A.lastlyB.shortlyC.recentlyD.immediately13.

6、The little girl grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understoodB.had a hold overC.took hold ofD.left hold of14.I can no longer tolerate his actions.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.acceptC.takeD.suffer from15.I catch cold now and then.（分数：1.00）A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.constantlyD.regul

7、arly二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BEl Nino/BWhile some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Sino events up to two years in advance

8、. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer, the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then

9、 able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not i

10、nvolved in the work, said it “suggests El Nino is indeed predictable.“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead timess.“ Other models also use sea-surface temperatures

11、, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance4. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, off

12、set by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the deve

13、lopment of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.When El Nino hit in 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to a

14、t least a year ff the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events

15、 in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.（分数：7.00）(1).The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The Columbia University researchers studied the

16、 relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mention

17、ed(4).Weares contribution in predicting El Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C

18、.C. Not mentioned(6).It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务

19、；(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BSoot and Snow: a Hot Combination/B1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsib

20、le for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects

21、 sunlight.3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, t

22、hey tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing m trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thi

23、nning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,“ H

24、ansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude,“ Hansen noted.6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in a

25、ltering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century, Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northe

26、rn Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph

27、3 _ A Soots Role in Changes in the Climate and the Atmosphere B Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere C Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot D Effort to Reduce Snow Albedo E Ways to Reduce Soot Emission F Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming（分数：1.00）填空

28、项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 7 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).In the twentieth century, soot _. A produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing0f the same magnitude B contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming C can produce gr

29、eenhouse gases D absorb more of suns energy and warmth than white background E still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last century F can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Black soot covered s

30、now and ice _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).A soot forcing is unusually effective, which _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBMotoring Technology/B1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50

31、million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels- though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area2of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assist

32、ants. They can ensure you dont miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesnt distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some s

33、afety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through“ high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked

34、 with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort,But whatever is in the fuel tank, you dont want a thief i

35、n the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle

36、interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyones personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that wont be

37、soon.（分数：15.00）(1).What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate ?（分数：3.00）A.They are developing faster electric vehicles.B.They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.C.They focus their research on safety and new fuels.D.They

38、are designing fully automatic cars.(2).According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen（分数：3.00）A.because drivers fall asleep.B.because drivers make mistakes.C.because of engine failure.D.because of speeding.(3).Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A

39、.Radars that can help drivers m see obstacles in fog.B.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.C.improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.D.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.(4).What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking a

40、nd remote communications?（分数：3.00）A.To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.B.To call for help when ones car crashes.C.To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.D.To track the car down when it is being stolen.(5).What is tree of robotic drivers?（分数：3.00）A.It will take some t

41、ime before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.B第二篇/BBLate-Night Drinking/BCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee lat

42、e in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again

43、. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep, and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epiderniology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of t

44、his sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, com

45、pared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took haft an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual - and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentration

46、s of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin producti

47、on.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that（分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raised.B.neurohormone can Wake us up.C.coffee is a stimulant.D

48、.decal is a caffeinated coffee.(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?（分数：3.00）A.Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B.Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C.Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sle

49、ep hormone.D.Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.(3).What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep,B.Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C.The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decal.D