【考研类试卷】英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编23及答案解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 23 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想。有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月、龙宫探宝、封神演义上的许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天大都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说，人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。我国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的，我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是

2、，这是科学工作者特有的风格。让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中去探索无穷的真理吧!（分数：2.00）_3.上海自贸区于 2013 年 8 月 22 日经国务院批准设立，9 月 29 日正式挂牌。无数创业者在问：上海自贸区到底能带给自己什么?自贸区当然不只是金融大鳄、商业巨头的自贸区，同样也孕育着小创业者的机会。换言之，这里不是一个靠优惠创富的特区，而是属于冒险者的天堂。睁大双眼，遍地机遇。比如，大量优质外国文化产品、娱乐形式和文化领域的人才将聚集上海，这将有利于这些外资文化公司在华拓展业务，对于国内相对落后的文化娱乐产业也将有促进作用。文化产业的概念很大，里头有无数个细分市场。每一个细分市场不仅自身能赚

3、钱，还有可能产生无数的衍生行业。举个例子，假如米高梅电影公司来华投资，这家在华公司投拍一部好莱坞大片，将有望更多地借助中国企业的支持，如戏服订购租赁，相关周边产品分销，就连电影城周围的盒饭供应都是一桩好生意。据说上海几家专为餐饮店提供服务的演出小分队正在苦修英文，而一些舞蹈院校加派了社交舞、钢管舞等课程，以应对未来消费者和从业者的需求。因此，关键在于作为小鱼的创业者能不能发现大鱼的需求，在它吞掉你之前，找到自己的价值，发展壮大。（分数：2.00）_4.外文出版社专事外文图书的编辑出版，几十年来用英文翻译出版了大量的中国文学作品和文化典籍，上自先秦，下迄现当代，力求全面而准确地反映中国文学及中国

4、文化的基本面貌和灿烂成就。这些英译图书均取自相关领域著名的、权威的作品，英译则出自国内外翻译名家。每本图书的编选、翻译过程均极其审慎严肃，精雕细琢，中文作品及相应的英译版本均堪称经典。 我们意识到，这些英译精品，不单有对外译介的意义，而且对国内英文学习者、爱好者及英译工作者，也是极有价值的读本。为此，我们对这些英译精品做了认真的遴选，编排成汉英对照的形式，陆续推出，以飨读者。（分数：2.00）_5.钓鱼岛属于中国，根本不是“无主地”。在日本人“发现”钓鱼岛之前，中国已经对钓鱼岛实施了长达数百年有效管辖，是钓鱼岛无可争辩的主人。如前所述，日本大量官方文件证明，日本完全清楚钓鱼岛早已归属中国，绝非

5、国际法上的无主地。日本所谓依据“先占”原则将钓鱼岛作为“无主地”“编入”其版图，是侵占中国领土的非法行为，不具有国际法效力。 无论从地理上还是从中国历史管辖实践看，钓鱼岛一直是中国台湾岛的附属岛屿。日本通过不平等的马关条约迫使清朝割让包括钓鱼岛在内的“台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿”。开罗宣言、波茨坦公告等国际法律文件规定，日本必须无条件归还其窃取的中国领土。上述文件还对日本领土范围作了明确界定，其中根本不包括钓鱼岛。日本试图侵占钓鱼岛，实质是对开罗宣言和波茨坦公告等法律文件所确立的战后国际秩序的挑战，严重违背了日本应承担的国际法义务。（分数：2.00）_6.锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江(内

6、江)和检江(外江)。自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江的水洗濯织锦(brocade)，洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名“锦江”。锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。 锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江“水绿天青不起尘，风光和暖胜三秦”的优良自

7、然条件。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 23 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想。有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月、龙宫探宝、封神演义上的许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天大都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说，人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。我国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的，我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发

8、展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者特有的风格。让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中去探索无穷的真理吧!（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Science is practical learning, which tolerates no falseness and demands tremendous efforts. Meanwhile, it also demands creation and fantasy. Only fantasy can cut off the bound of the tradition and develop science. Do science w

9、ork! Don“t let poets take advantage of fantasy alone. Via science, many fantasies in ancient China have come true. Such fantasies include, for example, the one in which the lady Chang“e who swallowed elixir stolen from her husband flew to the moon, the one in which Monkey Sun, the famous hero in one

10、 of the Chinese classic mythical novels, dove into the “dragon“s palace“ in the deep water to search for treasures, and those described in The List of Conferred Gods, another Chinese classic mythical novel. The great astronomer Copernicus said man“s bounden duty lay in the bold seeking of truth. Chi

11、nese people have been bold in exploration, creation and revolution all through the ages. We must break with convention and chop a way through difficulties for the development of science in China. It is characteristic of science workers both to indulge in the wildest fantasy and seek truth from facts

12、. Let“s seek the infinite truth in the boundless space!)解析：3.上海自贸区于 2013 年 8 月 22 日经国务院批准设立，9 月 29 日正式挂牌。无数创业者在问：上海自贸区到底能带给自己什么?自贸区当然不只是金融大鳄、商业巨头的自贸区，同样也孕育着小创业者的机会。换言之，这里不是一个靠优惠创富的特区，而是属于冒险者的天堂。睁大双眼，遍地机遇。比如，大量优质外国文化产品、娱乐形式和文化领域的人才将聚集上海，这将有利于这些外资文化公司在华拓展业务，对于国内相对落后的文化娱乐产业也将有促进作用。文化产业的概念很大，里头有无数个细分市场。

13、每一个细分市场不仅自身能赚钱，还有可能产生无数的衍生行业。举个例子，假如米高梅电影公司来华投资，这家在华公司投拍一部好莱坞大片，将有望更多地借助中国企业的支持，如戏服订购租赁，相关周边产品分销，就连电影城周围的盒饭供应都是一桩好生意。据说上海几家专为餐饮店提供服务的演出小分队正在苦修英文，而一些舞蹈院校加派了社交舞、钢管舞等课程，以应对未来消费者和从业者的需求。因此，关键在于作为小鱼的创业者能不能发现大鱼的需求，在它吞掉你之前，找到自己的价值，发展壮大。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Shanghai Free Trade Zone ( SFTZ) was formally app

14、roved by the State Council on August 22, 2013, and officially established on September 29 of the same year. However, countless entrepreneurs are asking what Shanghai Free Trade Zone can bring them on earth. Of course, SFTZ is not just for financial predators and commercial giants but also for small

15、entrepreneurs. In other words, this is not a special zone of those who make money relying on preferential policy, but a real paradise for adventures. Open your eyes wide and you can find opportunities here and there. For example, a large number of foreign cultural products, entertainments and talent

16、s will gather in Shanghai, which will promote business expansion of foreign cultural companies, and in turn the relatively backward domestic cultural entertainment industry will be facilitated to some extent. The concept of cultural industry is very big, and there are numerous market segments, each

17、of which can not only make money, but also produce a lot of derivative industries. For instance, if the MGM studios invest in China to set up a company who wants to produce a Hollywood blockbuster, support from Chinese companies is expected. It will be a good business to provide services like costum

18、e rental, distribution of related products, even packed meal supply around the movie city. It is said that in Shanghai several performance teams serving restaurants are practicing English and some dance schools have set new coureses like social dance and pole dance to meet the demand of future consu

19、mers and practitioners. Therefore, as small entrepreneurs, the key is to find the demand of the big fishes, realize your own value and gain ground before they devour you.)解析：4.外文出版社专事外文图书的编辑出版，几十年来用英文翻译出版了大量的中国文学作品和文化典籍，上自先秦，下迄现当代，力求全面而准确地反映中国文学及中国文化的基本面貌和灿烂成就。这些英译图书均取自相关领域著名的、权威的作品，英译则出自国内外翻译名家。每本图

20、书的编选、翻译过程均极其审慎严肃，精雕细琢，中文作品及相应的英译版本均堪称经典。 我们意识到，这些英译精品，不单有对外译介的意义，而且对国内英文学习者、爱好者及英译工作者，也是极有价值的读本。为此，我们对这些英译精品做了认真的遴选，编排成汉英对照的形式，陆续推出，以飨读者。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Foreign Languages Press (FLP) is a professional international publishing house, committed to the editing and publishing of foreign language b

21、ooks. In the past several decades, FLP has translated and published a great deal of Chinese literature and cultural classics from the pre-Qin period to present time, striving to fully and accurately reflect the basic features and brilliant achievements of Chinese literature and culture. These books

22、are all famous and authoritative works from related fields and translated by translation masters at home and abroad. The selection, edition and translation of every book are completed seriously and prudently with care and precision. Both the original Chinese works and the English versions are classi

23、cs. We have been aware of that these high-quality goods of English version not only have influence on foreign translation but also have great value for domestic English learners, enthusiasts and translators. To this end, we will carefully examine entries of these fine selections, arrange them with C

24、hinese and English together and publish them in succession for readers.)解析：5.钓鱼岛属于中国，根本不是“无主地”。在日本人“发现”钓鱼岛之前，中国已经对钓鱼岛实施了长达数百年有效管辖，是钓鱼岛无可争辩的主人。如前所述，日本大量官方文件证明，日本完全清楚钓鱼岛早已归属中国，绝非国际法上的无主地。日本所谓依据“先占”原则将钓鱼岛作为“无主地”“编入”其版图，是侵占中国领土的非法行为，不具有国际法效力。 无论从地理上还是从中国历史管辖实践看，钓鱼岛一直是中国台湾岛的附属岛屿。日本通过不平等的马关条约迫使清朝割让包括钓鱼岛在内

25、的“台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿”。开罗宣言、波茨坦公告等国际法律文件规定，日本必须无条件归还其窃取的中国领土。上述文件还对日本领土范围作了明确界定，其中根本不包括钓鱼岛。日本试图侵占钓鱼岛，实质是对开罗宣言和波茨坦公告等法律文件所确立的战后国际秩序的挑战，严重违背了日本应承担的国际法义务。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Diaoyu Island belongs to China. It is by no means “terra nullius“. China is the indisputable owner of Diaoyu Island as it had exercise

26、d valid jurisdiction over the island for several hundred years long before the Japanese people “discovered“ it. As stated above, voluminous Japanese official documents prove that Japan was fully aware that according to international law, Diaoyu Island has long been part of China and was not “terra n

27、ullius“. Japan“s act to include Diaoyu Island as “terra nullius“ into its territory based on the “occupation“ principle is in fact an illegal act of occupying Chinese territory and has no legal effect according to international law. Diaoyu Island has always been affiliated to China“s Taiwan Island b

28、oth in geographical terms and in accordance with China“s historical jurisdiction practice. Through the unequal Treaty of Shimo-noseki, Japan forced the Qing court to cede to it “ the island of Taiwan, together with all islands appertaining or belonging to it“ , including Diaoyu Island. International

29、 legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation provide that Japan must unconditionally return the territories it has stolen from China. These documents also clearly define Japan“s territory, which by no means includes Diaoyu Island. Japan“s attempted occupation of Diaoyu

30、 Island, in essence, constitutes a challenge to the post-war international order established by such legal documents as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation and seriously violates the obligations Japan should undertake according to international law.)解析：6.锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江(内江)和检江(外江)。

31、自汉以后，二江开始有了一个诗意化的通称：锦江。据史料记载，蜀地的织女们爱用二江的水洗濯织锦(brocade)，洗后的锦缎纹理鲜明，颜色更加艳丽，因而此二江得名“锦江”。锦江的得名还与都江堰有关。在古蜀时代，岷江进入成都平原后的水流是散漫混浊的，平原一片沼泽，难以农耕。由于有了都江堰，用二江引渠作灌溉，浊流变为清江，水害变为水利，这才有濯锦江波的条件，才有锦江的得名。都江堰使成都平原成为沃野千里、水旱从人的天府，锦江使成都成为繁荣富庶的名都。都江堰与锦江都是成都城市文明的摇篮。 锦江赋予成都天青水绿的自然环境。成都的天生丽质离不开锦江“水绿天青不起尘，风光和暖胜三秦”的优良自然条件。（分数：2.

32、00）_正确答案：(正确答案： In Qin and Han Dynasty, Jinjiang River was called Chengdu River, which included Pijiang River (inner river) and Jianjiang River (outer river). Since Han Dynasty, the two rivers have got a poetic name: Jinjiang. According to historical records, women weavers in Sichuan preferred to wa

33、sh brocade in these two rivers as the brocade would be bright in texture and color after being washed in these rivers, from which Jinjiang got its name. Also the name of Jinjiang is related to Dujiangyan Irrigation System. In ancient Shu, the water flow of Minjiang River in the drainage basin of Che

34、ngdu Plain was desultory and muddy that the plain became a swamp, which was not suitable for farming. However, thanks to Dujiangyan Irrigation System, two rivers were used for irrigation, turbidity current turned into limpid river, water disaster disappeared and the river began to benefit the surrou

35、ndings. With these favorable conditions, Jinjiang then could gain the opportunity to win itself a name. Dujiangyan has made Chengdu Plain a vast land of abundance, and Jinjiang has made Chengdu a famous capital of prosperity and richness. Both Dujiangyan and Jinjiang are the cradles of Chengdu as a civilization city. Jinjiang River gives Chengdu green and beautiful natural environment and the born beauty of Chengdu will not exist without the superior natural conditions of Jinjiang River featuring clean water, clear sky, warm climate and wonderful scenery.)解析：