【考研类试卷】武汉大学考博英语-4及答案解析.doc

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1、武汉大学考博英语-4 及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：17，分数：21.50)1.The suggested causes of a given phenomenon cannot always be independently observed, and so it is hard to _ the possibility of there being explanations alternative to the one proposed.A. accoun

2、t for B. rule out C. guard against D. do with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Cant you speak more _ to your parents?A) respectably B) respectingly C) respectively D) respectfully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The technology exists to complement and_ the human mind.A. amplify B. enrich C. stretch D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.

3、Confucianism has evolved into a culture of rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional _ and group virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment.A. helm B. assault C. filial D. derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The man went to prison, but the two boys

4、_ with a warning.A. took off B. got off C. kept off D. set off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.With its anti-terrorism campaign taking _ over anything else, the government is extending its job and running in more affairs.A. superiority B. priority C. majority D. polarity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He used to play badminto

5、n with you, _ ?A. didnt he B. used he C. did he D. hadnt he（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Some people think its _ to smoke with a cigarette holder,A. flexible B. sophisticated C. versatile D. productive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Signs of aging are unavoidable, _ of particular interest to cosmetic companies.A. but those

6、 that can be disguised are B. but those can be disgused areC. but that can be disguised is D. but all one that can be disguised is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.As the _ to the general strike the management promised to increase the workers payment.A. succession B. concession C. permission D. pledge（分数：0.50）A.B

7、.C.D.11.The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and _ were often more effective than military might.A. artifice B. strength C. wisdom D. beauty（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.A full _ of all the reasons for and against closing the railway has begunA. explosion B. exploration C. exploitation D. explanat

8、ion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to threw around. “Its iniquitous,“ they say, “that this entirely unprodu

9、ctive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies arc making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays.“The poor old consumer. He would have to pay

10、 a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is just because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great dea

11、l of the knowledge we have about household goods derives large from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing-machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details rega

12、rding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too Just think what a railway station or a newspaper wou

13、ld be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway by-laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full

14、of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so man

15、y broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price !Another thing we shouldnt forget is the “little ads“, which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform f

16、or the community ! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For example, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch“ columns; but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “a

17、gony“ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!（分数：8.00）(1).An argument made by critics of advertisers is that_A. advertising makes contribution to the pockets. B. read

18、ers claim they never read advertisements.C. advertising may entail a price rise for goods. D. little ads invariably appeal to baser instincts.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions the example of a washing-machine to justify_A. informativeness of ads. B. credulity of consumers.C. deception of comp

19、anies. D. techniques of advertisers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The writer seems to think that critics judgment on the role of advertising is_A. reasonable. B. unfair. C. superficial. D. foolish.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “drab“ (Paragraph 3) might mean_A. impressive. B. nonconformist. C. insightful. D.

20、 unappealing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have _.A. declined B. increased C. broken D. maintained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.A corps of so-called barefoot doctors are trained in hygiene, preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routi

21、ne treatment of common diseases.A. nutrition B. sanitation C. nursery D. welfare（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Jack was about to announce our plan but I _.A put him through B turned him out C gave him up D cut him short（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Thousands of people _ from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A.

22、emigrate B. leave C. abandon D. immigrate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：7，分数：42.50)War has escaped the battlefield and now can, with modern guidance systems on missiles, touch virtually every square yard of the earths surface. War has also lost most of its utility in achieving the traditi

23、onal goals of conflict. Control of territory carries with it the obligation to provide subject peoples certain administrative, health, education, and other social services. Such obligations far outweigh the benefits of control. If the ruled population is ethnically or racially different from the rul

24、ers, tensions and chronic unrest often exist which further reduce the benefits and increase the costs of domination. Large populations no longer necessarily enhance state power and, in the absence of high levels of economic development, can impose severe burdens on food supply, jobs, and the broad r

25、ange of services expected of modern governments. The noneconomic security reasons for the control of territory have been progressively undermined by the advances of modern technology. The benefits of forcing another nation to surrender its wealth are vastly outweighed by the benefits of persuading t

26、hat nation to produce and exchange goods and services. In brief, imperialism no longer pays.Making war has been one of the most persistent of human activities in the 80 centuries since men and women settled in cities and thereby became “civilized“, but the modernization of the past 80 years has fund

27、amentally changed the role and function of war. In premodernized societies, successful warfare brought significant material rewards, the most obvious of which were the stored wealth of the defeated. Equally important was human labor-control over people as slaves or levies for the victors army, and t

28、here was the productive capacity-agricultural lands and mines. Successful warfare also produced psychic benefits. The removal or destruction of a threat brought a sense of security, and power gained over others created pride and national self-esteem.War was accepted in the premodernized society as a

29、 part of the human condition, a mechanism of change, and an unavoidable, even noble, aspect of life. The excitement and drama of war made it a vital part of literature and legends.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, leaders of premodernized society considered war to be _.A. a valid tool of nation

30、al policyB. an immoral act of aggressionC. economically wasteful and socially unfeasibleD. restricted in scope to military participants（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author most likely places the word “civilized” in quotation marks (in paragraph 2) in order to _.A. show dissatisfaction at not having found

31、 a better wordB. acknowledge that the word was borrowed from another sourceC. express irony that war should be a part of civilizationD. raise a question about the value of war in modernized society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author mentions all of the following as possible reasons for going to war in a

32、 premodernized society EXCEPT _.A. possibility of material gainB. total annihilation of the enemy and destruction of enemy territoryC. potential for increasing the security of the nationD. desire to capture productive farming lands（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The tone of the passage could best be described

33、as _.A. outraged and indignant B. scientific and detachedC. humorous and wry D. concerned and optimistic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Battles are like marriages. They have a certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A battle seems to me a conflict

34、of will with death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of creation of life-as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate. Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, eith

35、er union results in death or in the creation of life, each risks it-and in the risk commits himself.As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battl

36、es. Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life.In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is- again literally-to triumph over death. It is a surgeons triumph as he cuts

37、 a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over death that is in the body.In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army. Believe in it.（分数：4.00）(1).Although the author s

38、ays that battles are horrible, he also says that _.A. most people find fascination in them B. there is no battle aim worthy of the nameC. one should love life and not death D. fighting to end battles is justifiable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author states that one who fights a battle toward any end oth

39、er than peace is _.A. tainted by fascismB. misguided and unworthyC. victimized by unconscious drives to killD. bent on his own destruction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The article says that the individual, in battle and in marriage, must _.A. make a unionB. compromise his beliefsC. take the risks he has comm

40、itted himself toD. recognize that death is the reverse of life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The article says that a surgeon can triumph when he _.A. performs a successful operation B. triumphs over the bodyC. removes a cancer D. cuts out that which is life-destroying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A hundred years ago it wa

41、s assumed and scientifically “proved“ by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the

42、wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introdu

43、ced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any “reason“. I would suggest, howev

44、er, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, lets say two years, so as to avoid the encouragement of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred

45、years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness. In human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would

46、not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the wor

47、k conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would be sufficiently interesting and attractive in order to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject if; in the present capitalist system thi

48、s is not the case.But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.（分数：6.00）(1).People used to think that poverty and

49、 unemployment were due to _ .A. the slow development of the economyB. the poor and jobless peoples own faultsC. the lack of responsibility on the part of the societyD. the large number of people who were not well-educated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Now it is widely accepted that _ .A. the present system of social insurance should be improvedB. everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason“C. e