【考研类试卷】厦门大学真题2011年及答案解析.doc

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1、厦门大学真题 2011年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Which sport has the most expenses _ training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?A. in place of B. in terms of C. by means of D. by way of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.All _ is a steady supply of water to the farmland.

2、A. which needs B. that is needed C. the thing is needed D. need（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _ obtaining water is not the least.A. for which B. to which C. of which D. in which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.What he said just now had little to do with the question _

3、 discussion.A. on B. in C. under D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Much _ her relief and joy, she heared that her son had come back safe and sound.A. to B. for C. with D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.By the time you get to New York, I _ for London.A. would be leaving B. am leaving C. have already left D. shall have l

4、eft（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The fire was finally brought under control, but not _ extensive damage had been caused.A. before B. since C. after D. as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.We hadnt met for twenty years, but I recognized her _ I saw her.A. the moment B. for the momentC. the moment when D. at the moment when（分数：

5、0.50）A.B.C.D.9.The _ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.A. prospects B. speculations C. stakes D. provisions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.At 7 oclock tomorrow evening, I _ a walk in the neighbourhood. So you wont find me at home then.A. shall take B. will take C. shal

6、l be taking D. am taking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Helen _ into the river but that I caught her.A. had fallen B. would fallC. fell D. would have fallen（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.She ought not _ him about the truth, but she did.A. to tell B. telling C. to have told D. having told（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.However, at tim

7、es this balance in nature is _, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.There has been a great increase in retail sales, ?A. does there B. isnt there C. hasnt there D. isnt it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.He soon received promotio

8、n, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _.A. ability B. future C. possibility D. opportunity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that _ lot.A. valid B. vain C. vacant D. vague（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Each persons genetic code is unique except _ iden

9、tical twins.A. in case of B. in the case of C. the point in case D. a case of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.It is useful to be able to predict the extent _ which a price change will affect supply and demand.A. from B. with C. to D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch.A. exc

10、hange B. transmit C. transfer D. remove（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won _ and a scholarship.A. faith B. status C. fame D. courage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The association works to promote the _ of retired people as active and useful members of the community.A. act

11、ion B. aspect C. location D. status（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A. attributed B. entitled C. identified D. justified（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night.A. have gone B. could go C. could have gon

12、e D. went（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.All flights _ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having canceled B. having been canceledC. were canceled D. have been canceled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.The _ action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.A. supreme B. significant C

13、. prompt D. vital（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.There seems to be no alternative but _ the offer.A. accept B. to acceptC. accepting D. having accepted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for 1ire, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must _ the curiosity an

14、d creativity of children.A. seek B. stimulate C. shape D. secure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.If I had a car of my own, I _ it to your sister yesterday.A. will lend B. would lendC. should lend D. would have lent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.It is sometimes claimed that America is a _ pot of different races.A. burning B

15、. burnt C. melting D. melted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.He had scarcely left the railway station _ it started to rain.A. than B. then C. when D. since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contac

16、t with them. Their valuesthis cant be repeated too oftenare not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old perso

17、n lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of ? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this conc

18、ept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of

19、spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old b

20、ody, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while theres life, theres hope. ?When you talk to the old people, however, you are force

21、d to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have sun.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in Paragraph 1 that _.A. very old people enjoy living with their relativesB. social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC. v

22、ery old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some social workers think that _.A. health and safety are more important than personal freedomB. personal freedom is more important than h

23、ealth and safetyC. old people should keep their rooms cleanD. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, _.A. the human body cant be compared to a carB. the older a person, the more care he needsC. too much emphasis has been put on old peoples

24、 valuesD. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “it“ in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the conclusion you have come to B. your talk to the old peopleC. whether age is happy or unpleasant D. ones money or ones health（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author thinks tha

25、t _.A. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctorsB. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death（分数：2.00）A.B.C.

26、D.The loudest outcry (呐喊) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest countryby farin the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 19451970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europes and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding po

27、verty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than from countries with one-fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America. ) It would seem strange to these people (were th

28、ey only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far corners of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans.What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are never

29、 to be satisfied though this is doubtlessly true, and the American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary breach (违反) of social norm (标准) the e

30、mancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment and intolerable insult. They have greatly expanded the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp l

31、imitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinitemisery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help.（分数：10.

32、00）(1).According to the passage, most complaints over a poor living standard were made by those who came from _.A. the United States B. Asian countriesC. the European Community D. Commonwealth of Nations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The average income for each American a year during the 1960s was most likely

33、 in the neighborhood of _.A. 1120 dollars B. 40 dollars C. 320 dollars D. 80 dollars（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In order to improve the standard of living of poor Americans, the extremists in the States demand _.A. a full tax relief on citizen living overseasB. a stop to arm race against nations far awayC.

34、 a cut in financial assistance to poor countriesD. a favorable balance of trade with foreign countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The real cause for the most fortunate people to protest about poverty lies in _.A. added consciousness of self B. their economic statusC. limitations of human nature D. conflict

35、 in class interests（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the last sentence, it can be safely inferred that outcry about poverty in effect involves peoples _.A. ability to suffer a hard lifeB. understanding of their rightsC. political attitude toward the governmentD. whole outlook on different life styles（分数：2.0

36、0）A.B.C.D.The more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human brain. Tasks that baffle (难住) the most advanced supercomputerrecognizing a face, reading a handwritten noteare childs play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain

37、 can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brains abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator, it must be

38、 built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach work

39、s best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same

40、 time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns.Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine.Neural networks come in all shapes and size

41、s. Until now most exist as software simulations (模拟品) because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first

42、paragraph that the most advanced supercomputer _.A. can recognize a face and read a handwritten noteB. can learn from its mistakesC. weighs only 3 poundsD. cannot distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is NOT true of a conventional computer?A. It

43、must be programmed before it works.B. It can only solve one problem at a time.C. It is good at solving one problem at a time.D. It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making decisions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The main feature of a neural-network computer is that _.A. its processors act as an int

44、erconnected web of neuronsB. it is programmed to make decisionsC. its networks are of all shapes and sizesD. its neurons are artificial（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “this two-dimensional approach“ in the second paragraph refers to _.A. the conventional computer and the neural computerB. making

45、 decisions and recognizing patternsC. sharing information and performing tasksD. the computer and the human brain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because _.A. it can avoid redesigning computer chipsB. it can save a lot of time and moneyC. it can

46、avoid making mistakesD. it is more like the human brain（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Barbie DollsFlashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, full size apartment with beautiful furniture and boat. Shes the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her

47、introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.(1) She attracted little girls because of her adult-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creat

48、ion of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations.In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didnt parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour: she could sing solos i

49、n the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls were used to.In Forever Barbie: The Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M. G. Lord tells the story of Barbies creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest of ten siblings (同胞), worked a