【考研类试卷】中医综合-中药学(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中药学(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (1) evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (2) are throwing the books at kids. (3) elem

2、entary school students are complaining of homework (4) Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as (5) may he, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it, (6) helping too much, or even examining (7) too carefully, you may keep them (8) doing it by themselves. “I would

3、nt advise a parent to check every (9) assignment,“ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a (10) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (11) the grade they deserve. “ Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger child

4、ren and ask them to rethink their (12) . But “you dont want them to feel it has to be (13) ,“ she says.Thats not to say parents should (14) homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids (15) . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (16) four, five, and s

5、ix is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “ (17) more than an hour and a half,“ and two for high school students. If your child (18) has more homework than this, you may want to check (19) other parents and then talk to the teacher about (20) assignments.（分数：10.00）(1).A. v

6、ery B. exact C. right D. usual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. officials B. parents C. experts D. schools（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Also B. Even C. Then D. However（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. fatigue B. confusion C. duty D. puzzle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. there B. we C. they D. it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. via B. under C

7、. by D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. questions B. answers C. standards D. rules（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. off B. without C. beyond D. from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. single B. piece C. page D. other（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. drop B. short C. cut D. lack（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. acquire B. earn C. gather D. reac

8、h（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. exercises B. defects C. mistakes D. tests（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. perfect B. better C. unusual D. complete（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. forget B. refuse C. miss D. ignore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. have B. prepare C. make D. perform（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. classes B. groups C. grad

9、es D. terms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. about B. no C. much D. few（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. previously B. rarely C. merely D. consistently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. with B. in C. out D. up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. finishing B. lowering C. reducing D. declining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0

10、.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most towns up to Elizabethan times were smaller than a modern village and each of them was built around its weekly market where local produce was brought for sale and the town folks sold their work to the people from the countryside and provided the

11、m with refreshment for the day. Trade was virtually confined to that one day even in a town of a thousand or so people. On market days craftsmen put up their stalls in the open air whilst on one or two other days during the week the townsman would pack up his loaves, or nails, or cloth, and set out

12、early to do a days trade in the market of an adjoining town where, however, he would be charged a heavy toll for the privilege and get a less favourable spot for his stand than the local craftsmen. Another chance for him to make a sale was to the congregation gathered for Sunday morning worship. Alt

13、hough no trade was allowed anywhere during the hours of the service (except at annual fair times), after church there would be some trade at the church door with departing country folk.The trade of markets was almost wholly concerned with exchanging the products of the nearby countryside and the goo

14、ds sold in the market but particularly in food retail dealing was distrusted as a kind of profiteering. Even when there was enough trade being done to afford a livelihood to an enterprising man ready to buy wholesale and sell retail, town authorities were reluctant to allow it.Yet there were plainly

15、 people who were tempted to “forestall the market” by buying goods outside it, and to “regrate” them, that is to resell them, at a higher price. The constantly repeated rules against these practices and the endlessly recurring prosecutions mentioned in the records of all the larger towns prove that

16、some well-informed and sharp-witted people did these things.Every town made its own laws and if it was big enough to have craft guilds, these associations would regulate the business of their members and tried to enforce a strict monopoly of their own trades. Yet while the guild leaders, as craftsme

17、n, followed fiercely protectionist policies, at the same time, as leading townsmen, they wanted to see a big, busy market yielding a handsome revenue in various dues and tolls. Conflicts of interest led to endless, minute regulations, changeable, often inconsistent, frequently absurd. There was a ti

18、me in the fourteenth century, for example, when London fishmongers were not allowed to handle any fish that had not already been exposed for sale for three days by the men who caught it.（分数：10.00）(1).We know from Paragraph 1 that craftsmenA sold all of their goods on market days.B could sell their g

19、oods during Sunday morning services.C coud do trades in neighbour towns freely.D didnt have chance to do trades everyday.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Craftsmen might prefer to trade in their own town becauseA there they could easily find good refreshment.B there they could work in the open air.C there they

20、could start work very early.D there they could have the well-placed stalls.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In medieval markets there was little retail trade becauseA money was never used in sales.B producers sold directly to consumers.C there was not enough trade being done.D town authorities were unwilling to

21、 make a profit.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “forestall the market” ( Line 1, Para. 3) probably meansA to buy goods from a stall outside the market place.B to acquire goods in quantity before the market.C to have the best and the first stall in the market.D to sell at a higher price than compe

22、titors.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is suggested in the last paragraph that craft guildsA enforced regulations that were unfair and unreasonable.B enforced regulations in the interest of the customers.C regulated the business of their town to profit the craftsmen.D were developed to forbid the monopoly.（

23、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The sudden, dramatic explosion in value of online social media sites like Facebook and Twitter is reminiscent of the rise, about 15 years ago, of the online businesses that created the “dotcom bubble. “ The Internet was far less widely used than it is today. S

24、till, visionaries saw the potential for the Internet we have today, so virtual companies sprung up and grew like weeds as investors threw money their way. Some, like Google and Amazon, developed an enduring online presence and lasting financial value. But far too many quickly lost value when it beca

25、me apparent that their rapid growth wasnt yielding revenue.So, how much is Facebooks network of users really worth? The potential is clearwhen so many people are gathered in one virtual place, offering so much personal information about themselves, they create an unprecedented platform for targeted

26、advertising. Or they would, if they were on the network to shop. When eBay and Amazon suggest products to their customers, theyre talking to people whove already proven that theyre interested in buying similar products. People go on Facebook for a variety of reasons-to catch up with old friends, sha

27、re pictures, make new acquaintances, and talk, sometimes endlessly, about themselves. Whether theyll appreciate having their virtual conversations interrupted by advertising, targeted or not, remains unclear.Its also unclear whether Facebook will actually be able to share information about its users

28、 browsing habits with advertisers. Complaints about the ineffectiveness of Facebooks privacy policies have arisen in multiple countries, part of a larger social concern about how private information gets used on line. In December, the Federal Trade Commission issued a proposed framework that, among

29、other things, would permit Facebook users to block advertisers from accessing information about their online interests. If that framework is implemented and widely used by Facebook subscribers, it could seriously impair the sites value as a potential platform for targeted marketing.What is clear is

30、that Goldman Sachs has a significant interest in Facebooks financial value, at least for the short term. Goldman Sachs decision to invest heavily in Facebook has had some interesting impacts. For one thing, the investment has allowed Facebook an opportunity to postpone issuing an IPO. That means tha

31、t, at least for the moment, Facebook doesnt yet have to disclose its finances or publicly address investor complaints.Goldman Sachs investment also puts the firm in an ideal position to handle Facebooks IPO when it eventually is issued, perhaps sometime next year. That, of course, has the potential

32、to generate substantial revenues for Goldman Sachs clients. Googles 2004 IPO raised an initial $1.2 billion for the company. After all the propaganda, Facebooks IPO can hardly be expected to raise less. However, there remains a significant question as to whether Facebooks potential for generating in

33、come is more virtual than real. If it turns out that Facebook cant live up to its potential for generating advertising revenue, venture capitalists who invest for the long term may get burned.（分数：10.00）(1).The text is written to answer the questionA Will the social media be the next dotcom bubble?B

34、Does Goldman Sachs really want to invest in Facebook?C When will it be the right time for Facebook to issue its IPO?D What lessons can we learn from the ups and downs of social media?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Companies like Amazon and Facebook earn their money byA luring more visitors to their sites.B pr

35、oviding easily accessible services.C attracting advertisements.D offering a platform for free conversations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One dilemma faced by social media like Facebook is thatA its customers often exchange private information on it.B advertisers often interrupt its customers conversations.C

36、 the FTC threatens to limit its service with new regulations.D the users private information is misused by advertisers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Goldman Sachs investment is a good thing to Facebook becauseA Facebook is now finding itself short of money.B venture investment is safer than issuing an IPO.C

37、it gives Facebook more time for propaganda.D Facebook does not have to make its finances public yet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The dot-com bubble demonstrates thatA Facebook will generate substantial profits for its investors.B potential profits assigned to dotcom firms dont always materialize.C no dotcom

38、 companies can ripe any revenues from issuing their IPO.D Facebook will certainly disappoint its investors in the long run.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 2010, a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some

39、 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step“ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieve

40、d, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genes that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients

41、 alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation

42、 rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an is

43、olated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature, than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. “Despite the appeals courts decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes

44、within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules I most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact,

45、 looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clin

46、ic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph I that the biotech companies would likeA their executives

47、to be active. B judges to rule out gene patenting.C genes to be patentable. D the BIO to issue a warning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Those who are against gene patents believe thatA genetic tests are not reliable.B only man-made products are patentable.C patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon.D courts

48、 should restrict access to gene tic tests.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents forA establishing disease correlations. B discovering gene interactions.C drawing pictures of genes. D identifying human DNA.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By saying “Each meeting was pac

49、ked“ (Line 3, Para. 6) the author means thatA the supreme court was authoritative. B the BIO was a powerful organization.C gene patenting was a great concern. D lawyers were keen to attend conventions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting isA critical. B supportive. C scornful. D objective.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A conventional teachers licensee usually requires a