【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医诊断学(六)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医诊断学(六)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most people would be (1) by the high quality of medicine (2) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (3) to the individual, a (4) amount of advanced technical equipment, and (5) effort not to mak

2、e mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (6) in the courts if they (7) things badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in (8) health care is organized and (9) . (10) to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has

3、 been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (11) the less fortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, (12) this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U. S. Budgetlarge number of Americans are left (13) . These in

4、clude about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits (14) income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (15) the health system. There is no (16) to what doctors and hospitals charge

5、for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is (17) up. Two thirds of the population (18) covered by medical insuranc

6、e. Doctors charge as much as they want (19) that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices (20) general.（分数：10.00）(1).

7、A compressed B impressed C obsessed D repressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A available B attainable C achievable D amenable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A extension B retention C attention D exertion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A countless B titanic C broad D vast（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A intensive B absorbed C intense D conc

8、entrated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A run into B encounter C face D defy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A treat B deal C maneuver D handle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A which B that C what D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A to finance B financed C the finance D to be financed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A Contrary B Opposed to C Averse D

9、 Objected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A looking for B looking into C looking after D looking over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A which B what C that D it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A over B out C off D away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A for B in C with D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A over B on C under D behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16)

10、.A boundary B restriction C confinement D limit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A to pay B paying C pay D to have paid（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A is being B are C have been D is（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A knowing B to know C they know D known（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A in B with C on D for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Readin

11、g Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The news from Americas housing market is getting no better. As sales declines and defaults and foreclosures climb, pessimists fear that over a million Americans could be driven out of their homes as adjustable-rate mortgages are reset

12、. What should policymakers do? Congress is eager to do more: hence the calls to expand the role of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the giant government-sponsored enterprises (GSES) that tower over Americas mortgage market.Fannies and Freddies political allies want two things. The first is the raising of

13、 the $417,000 limit on the size of loans that the pair may handle. The second demand is the lifting of caps on the amount of mortgages they may buy and hold for themselves. Fannie and Freddie could then ride to the rescue of struggling borrowers, injecting liquidity into parts of the market that hav

14、e seized up. Their arguments are winning support, and opposition from the Bush administration and the GSES regulator is softening. Unfortunately, the ideas are likely to do more for Fannie and Freddie than for the mortgage market.Start with the $417,000 limit. Lifting this could help if Fannie and F

15、reddie scoured the upper bracket for borrowers who were struggling but viable. But their history suggests that they would cherry-pick those who could get refinanced elsewhere. And the huge-mortgage market may be correcting itself anyway: spreads over GSE-backed loans, though still unusually high, ar

16、e falling.It is also riskier. When they hold a mortgage, they take on not only credit risk but also interest-rate and prepayment risk. The loans they guarantee, in contrast, carry only credit risk. So as well as being just as effective, the guarantee business is also saferand thus better for the tax

17、payer who unwittingly stands behind the GSES.Moreover, even if they grow no more, the mortgage giants pose a clear systemic threat. Their portfolios of retained mortgages and mortgage-backed securities add up to no less than $1.4 trillion. It is bad enough that this is concentrated in two institutio

18、ns. No matter how much risk they take or how they manage it, they can borrow at rock-bottom interest rates. If they got into trouble, banks as well as taxpayers would be on the hook. Banks may hold as much GSE debt as they want. Many have amounts that exceed their regulatory capital.The giants were

19、set up decades ago to help banks pool concentrated regional mortgage risk and to make housing more affordable. But as the market has grown deeper and more sophisticated, history has left them behindhence their desire to get into any bit of the business that will turn a profit. The eventual aim shoul

20、d be to turn them into normal private-sector companies, by stripping them of the charters that give rise to the implicit government guarantees, and break them into smaller pieces.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, policy makers solve the problems in the housing market in the US by _A Driving milli

21、ons of people out of their houses.B Calling on the expansion of GSES roles.C Planning to stop resetting adjustable-interest mortgage.D Doing nothing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred about the Fannie and Freddie from Paragraph 2 and 3?A They are companies of normal size for mortgage and loan

22、.B They are companies supported by the government.C They are companies functioning as banks.D They are companies that have no help to the housing market.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If the giant GSES collapse, the most possible result would be _A Borrowers can get their mortgage back.B Banks may face a debt

23、 which they cannot afford.C Taxpayers would have to borrow money at rock-bottom interest rates.D The housing market will become deeper and more sophisticated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, the proposal of the Congress most probably _A break the giants into small pieces in case of safe

24、ty.B endow more power to the two giants for their development.C rescue those who cannot pay back their loan in the housing market.D promote the development of the part of market that has been seized up.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is unlikely to be the risk that the two giants are fac

25、ing?A They were established for historical purposes which no longer fit the situation.B The sizes of them are too big to handle.C The development of housing market is fast and profound:D They are sponsored by the government and money from taxpayers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The sudden

26、, dramatic explosion in value of online social media sites like Facebook and Twitter is reminiscent of the rise, about 15 years ago, of the online businesses that created the “dotcom bubble. “ The Internet was far less widely used than it is today. Still, visionaries saw the potential for the Intern

27、et we have today, so virtual companies sprung up and grew like weeds as investors threw money their way. Some, like Google and Amazon, developed an enduring online presence and lasting financial value. But far too many quickly lost value when it became apparent that their rapid growth wasnt yielding

28、 revenue.So, how much is Facebooks network of users really worth? The potential is clearwhen so many people are gathered in one virtual place, offering so much personal information about themselves, they create an unprecedented platform for targeted advertising. Or they would, if they were on the ne

29、twork to shop. When eBay and Amazon suggest products to their customers, theyre talking to people whove already proven that theyre interested in buying similar products. People go on Facebook for a variety of reasons-to catch up with old friends, share pictures, make new acquaintances, and talk, som

30、etimes endlessly, about themselves. Whether theyll appreciate having their virtual conversations interrupted by advertising, targeted or not, remains unclear.Its also unclear whether Facebook will actually be able to share information about its users browsing habits with advertisers. Complaints abou

31、t the ineffectiveness of Facebooks privacy policies have arisen in multiple countries, part of a larger social concern about how private information gets used on line. In December, the Federal Trade Commission issued a proposed framework that, among other things, would permit Facebook users to block

32、 advertisers from accessing information about their online interests. If that framework is implemented and widely used by Facebook subscribers, it could seriously impair the sites value as a potential platform for targeted marketing.What is clear is that Goldman Sachs has a significant interest in F

33、acebooks financial value, at least for the short term. Goldman Sachs decision to invest heavily in Facebook has had some interesting impacts. For one thing, the investment has allowed Facebook an opportunity to postpone issuing an IPO. That means that, at least for the moment, Facebook doesnt yet ha

34、ve to disclose its finances or publicly address investor complaints.Goldman Sachs investment also puts the firm in an ideal position to handle Facebooks IPO when it eventually is issued, perhaps sometime next year. That, of course, has the potential to generate substantial revenues for Goldman Sachs

35、 clients. Googles 2004 IPO raised an initial $1.2 billion for the company. After all the propaganda, Facebooks IPO can hardly be expected to raise less. However, there remains a significant question as to whether Facebooks potential for generating income is more virtual than real. If it turns out th

36、at Facebook cant live up to its potential for generating advertising revenue, venture capitalists who invest for the long term may get burned.（分数：10.00）(1).The text is written to answer the questionA Will the social media be the next dotcom bubble?B Does Goldman Sachs really want to invest in Facebo

37、ok?C When will it be the right time for Facebook to issue its IPO?D What lessons can we learn from the ups and downs of social media?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Companies like Amazon and Facebook earn their money byA luring more visitors to their sites.B providing easily accessible services.C attracting ad

38、vertisements.D offering a platform for free conversations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One dilemma faced by social media like Facebook is thatA its customers often exchange private information on it.B advertisers often interrupt its customers conversations.C the FTC threatens to limit its service with new r

39、egulations.D the users private information is misused by advertisers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Goldman Sachs investment is a good thing to Facebook becauseA Facebook is now finding itself short of money.B venture investment is safer than issuing an IPO.C it gives Facebook more time for propaganda.D Faceb

40、ook does not have to make its finances public yet.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The dot-com bubble demonstrates thatA Facebook will generate substantial profits for its investors.B potential profits assigned to dotcom firms dont always materialize.C no dotcom companies can ripe any revenues from issuing thei

41、r IPO.D Facebook will certainly disappoint its investors in the long run.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forwar

42、d are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in th

43、e great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but

44、they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficientlythis, aft

45、er all, is what conquerors and generals have doneis not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and

46、then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two g

47、reatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streetswhile, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily lifenations and count

48、ries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there h

49、as been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp;