【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医基础理论(九)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医基础理论(九)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Government officials reported three new cases of mad cow, bringing the total so far this year to 99. Last year, France recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease. The rising numbers are in part (1) a new testing program

2、that focuses on cows that are most (2) . That program has (3) 39 cases. But still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way, (4) were found in 1999. Many scientists (5) that this year, five years after safety precautions were (6) , the number of cases would be (7) .The rise in cases has (8) some

3、 scientists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood. Scientists are still (9) the disease, first recognized in cows in 1986.It appears that it is not caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus, but (10) infectious particles called prion, perhaps (11) a virus or other

4、 agent. The disease kills cells in the brain, (12) it spongy and full of holes.France has taken more steps to (13) safety than most European countries, (14) refusing to take English beef (15) the European Union. But some scientists believe that France has not been (16) in imposing the ban on feed th

5、at (17) animal pans.Some French officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that French consumers will become educated about it, thereby recognizing that French beef is actually (18) controlled. Every cow is given a passport at birth, and extensive information about its pare

6、ntage and (19) it was raised must be (20) to any slaughterhouse. When a diseased animal is found, the entire herd is destroyed.（分数：10.00）(1).A as B because C since D due to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A risking B in risk C at risk D at danger（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A discovered B invented C identified D disclo

7、sed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A more B far more C far more than D less than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A expect B expected C have expected D had expected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A put to place B put a place C put in place D put in the place（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A declining B inclining C increasing D reclaiming（分数：0.5

8、0）A.B.C.D.(8).A attempted B intended C lured D prompted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A disappointed at B puzzled by C amazed at D critical of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A stems from B developed in C grew out of D generated from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A grew with B agree with C coincide with D in concert with（分数：0.50

9、）A.B.C.D.(12).A to leave B left C leaves D leaving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A be sure B ensure C make sure D assure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A including B excluding C containing D enclosing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A abiding by B in defiance of C according to D in accordance with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A affectiv

10、e B efficient C effective D affect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A contains B consists of C is made from D is made up of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A stiff B rigidly C hard D roughly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A where B how C when D why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A subjected B submitted C reported D registered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

11、.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of “ecocide“ in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following. A large nucl

12、ear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated

13、 reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.In 1

14、972 the .U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers Unions

15、report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40-70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the fa

16、ctory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. “We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker,“ states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of th

17、e Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the

18、“Watergate cover- up. “ “There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities,“ summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least

19、 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit“ imposed by Dow Chemical Company.（分数：10.00）(1).By “ecocide“ the author most probab

20、ly meansA waste utilization.B ecological balance.C radioactive reaction.D massive bio-destruction.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 toA estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.B exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.C hig

21、hlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.D show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The style of the second paragraph is mainlyA factual.B sarcastic.C emotional.D argumentative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to paragraph 3, some workers have been ki

22、lled by harmful pollutants in thatA production could not be halted.B they failed to take safety measures.C research was not pursued to a solution.D safety equipment was not adequately provided.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that the author believes thatA nationwide application

23、 of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.B tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.C more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.D industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread

24、of cancer-causing agents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its seven weeks into the new year. Do you know where your resolution is? If youre like millions of Americans, you probably vowed to lose weight, quit smoking and drink less in the new year. You kicked off January with a commitment to

25、long-term well-being-until you came face-to-face with a cheeseburger. You spent a bundle on a shiny new gym pass. Turns out, it wasnt reason enough for you to actually use the gym. People can make poor decisions when it comes to health-despite their best intentions. Its not easy abiding by wholesome

26、 choices (giving up French fries) when the consequences of not doing so (heart disease) seem so far in the future. Most people are bad at judging their health risks: smokers generally know cigarettes cause cancer, but they also tend to believe theyre less likely than other smokers to get it. And as

27、any snack-loving dieter can attest, people can be comically inept at predicting their future .behavior. You swear you will eat just one potato chip but dont stop until the bag is empty. So, what does it take to motivate people to stick to the path set by their conscious brain? How can good choices b

28、e made to seem more appealing than bad ones? The problem stumps doctors, public-health officials and weight-loss experts, but one solution may spring from an unlikely source. Meet your new personal trainer: your boss. American businesses have a particular interest in personal health, since worker il

29、lness costs them billions each year in insurance claims, sick days and high staff turnover. A 2008 survey of major US employers found that 64% consider their employees poor health decisions a serious barrier to affordable insurance coverage. Now some companies are tackling the motivation problem hea

30、d on, using tactics drawn from behavioral psychology to nudge their employees to get healthy. “Its a bit paradoxical that employers need to provide incentives for people to improve their own health,“ says Michael Follick, a behavioral psychologist at Brown University and president of the consultancy

31、 Abacus Employer Health Solutions. Paradoxical, maybe, but effective. Consider Amica Mutual Insurance, based in Rhode Island. Arnica seemed to be doing everything right: it boasts an on-site fitness center at its headquarters. It pays toward Weight Watchers and smoking-cessation help, gives gift car

32、ds to reward proper prenatal care and offers free flu shots each year. Still, in the mid-2000s, about 7% of the companys insured population, including roughly 3 100 employees and their dependents, had diabetes. “We manage risk. Thats our core business,“ says Scott Boyd, Amicas director of compensati

33、on and benefits. But diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees had doubled in four years. “We thought, OK,“ Boyd says now, “we have to manage these high-risk groups a little better. /（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, we can infer that the Americans _. A vow to diet in the new year B fear to

34、lose weight C have poor decision in keeping healthy diet D succeed in losing weight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why can people make poor decision when it comes to health? A Because they have no intention of being healthy. B Because they are bad at judging their health risks. C Because it is not easy abiding

35、 by impractical commitments. D Because they can not resist the temptation of delicious food.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Who play an important role in motivating people to stick to health? A Doctors. B Public-health officials. C Weight-loss experts. D Bosses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is TR

36、UE according to the text? A If you want to keep healthy, you have to meet your personal trainer. B The diabetes-related claims from Arnica employees have been increased. C The American business doesnt do anything concerned with personal health. D Abiding by healthy choices is facile.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

37、.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A Making Good Health Easy B Cost of Losing Weight C Difficulties in Dieting D Advantages of Healthy Diet（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A pair of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the

38、 virus that causes influenza is constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one in 1918, wh

39、ich killed somewhere between 25m and 50m people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such outbreak can be contained-if governments start preparing now.New research published this week suggests that a relatively small stockpile of an antiviral drug-as little as 3m doses-c

40、ould be enough to limit sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drugs manufacturer, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile.This is good news. But much more needs to be done, espe

41、cially with a nasty strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little international coo

42、rdination.A global stockpile of drugs alone would not be much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment quickly, If an outbreak occurred in a border region, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agreements betwe

43、en different countries about quarantine and containment.Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent, Rich countries tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyones interest

44、 to make sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agre

45、ements over surveillance and preparedness.Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers t

46、o these questions.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “contained“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.A checkedB duplicatedC includedD forecast（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, it is upsetting that _.A the flu-catching is more pervasive the world overB the cause of initial outbreak has not been

47、 identifiedC global co-ordination is yet to well developD people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The speed of remedy dispatch is of importance to _.A the recovery of the infected patientB the treatment of the ailing suffererC the prevention of a flu

48、pandemicD the efficiency of large supply of drugs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made _.A publications of new research with respect to the supply of the interference from outsideB construction of an adequate system of surveillance of early influenza casesC availability of anti-viral drugs and any vaccine in underdeveloped nationsD contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the text would be _.A The World Must Prepare for Pandemic InfluenzaB Similar